超声内镜在腹膜后占位性病变诊断中的应用

目的评价超声内镜(endoscopic ultrasonography)在腹膜后占位性病变定性诊断中的应用价值。方法回顾性分析26例因腹膜后占位病变在本院行超声内镜介导下细针穿刺抽吸活检术(endoscopic ultrasonography guided fine needle aspiration,EUS-FNA)患者的病理诊断情况。结果 26例患者中24例有明确病理结果,组织学诊断率为92.3%。本组患者均未发生出血、感染、腹腔内脏器损伤等并发症。病理诊断为良性肿瘤8例,占33.3%;恶性16例,占66.7%。2例因取材较少无明确病理学诊断,8例患者避免了手术治疗。结论对于腹膜后占位的定性诊断,EUS-FNA具有并发症少、诊断率高的优点,值得临床推广。     

Long-term outcomes following coronary drug-eluting- and bare-metal-stent implantation

Background

Although drug-eluting stents (DES) reduce restenosis rates relative to bare-metal stents (BMS), recent reports have indicated that the use of DES may be associated with an increased risk of stent thrombosis. Our study focused on the effect of stent type on clinical outcomes in a “real world” setting.

Methods

889 patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with either DES (Cypher or Taxus; n = 490) or BMS (n = 399) were enrolled in a prospective single center registry. The outcome analysis covered a period of up to 3.2 years (mean 2.7 years ± 0.5 years) and was based on 65 deaths, 27 myocardial infarctions, 76 clinically driven target lesion revascularizations (TLR), and 15 angiographically confirmed cases of definite stent thrombosis and was adjusted for differences in baseline characteristics.

Results

In total 1277 stents (613 BMS and 664 DES) were implanted in 1215 lesions. Despite a significantly different unadjusted death rate (10.1% and 5.1% in BMS and DES patients, respectively; p < 0.05), the patient groups did not differ significantly in the risk of myocardial infarction during 2.7 years of follow-up. After adjustment for differences in baseline characteristics between groups, the difference in the cumulative incidence of death did not remain statistically significant (p = 0.22). Target lesion revascularizations occurred significantly less frequently in patients with DES compared to individuals after BMS implantation (5.9% and 11.8% in patients with DES and BMS, respectively; p < 0.05). The rate of angiographically confirmed stent thrombosis was 2.1% in patients with DES and 1.1% in BMS patients (p = 0.31).There was a significantly lower unadjusted event rate (including deaths, myocardial infarction, target lesion revascularization, and stent thrombosis) in patients with drug-eluting stents than in those with bare-metal stents (16.4% and 25.8%, respectively), with 9.4 fewer such events per 100 patients (unadjusted hazard ratio [HR], 0.64; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.46 to 0.87). After adjustment, the relative risk for all outcome events in patients with drug-eluting stents was 0.79 (95% CI, 0.67 to 0.95). However, the adjusted relative risk for death and myocardial infarction did not differ significantly between groups (adjusted relative risk in patients with drug-eluting stents 0.94 (95% CI, 0.77 to 1.37)).

Conclusions

In this real-world population, the beneficial effect of first generation DES in reducing the need for new revascularization compared with BMS extends to more than 2.5 years without evidence of a worse safety profile. The minor risk of stent thrombosis and myocardial infarction within this period after implantation of DES seems unlikely to outweigh the benefit of these stents.     

The use of the mechanical fragility test in evaluating sublethal RBC injury during storage

Background The mechanical fragility index (MFI) is an in vitro measurement of the extent of RBC sublethal injury. Sublethal injury might constitute a component of the RBC storage lesion, thus the MFI was determined serially during routine RBC storage. Methods Leucoreduced AS‐5‐ and SAGM‐preserved RBCs were stored under routine blood bank conditions. The mechanical fragility (MF) of each unit was serially measured during storage. Results For both AS‐5 and SAGM units, male and female RBCs demonstrated statistically significant increases in the MFI during storage. The MFI was significantly lower in AS‐5 units compared to SAGM units throughout storage. Female RBCs had significantly lower MFI vs. male RBCs in both AS‐5 and SAGM units at all times. No significant differences in MFI were observed between ABO groups for both genders for AS‐5 RBCs. Conclusions The MF of RBCs increases during storage. Both gender and preservation solution influenced the MFI; however, the male:female MFI ratios were similar at all time‐points and remained stable, suggesting that gender‐based biological differences exist independent of storage solution. The MF could be a useful test for evaluating the effect of novel interventions intended to mitigate the susceptibility of RBCs to sublethal injury during storage.     

内窥镜在支撑喉镜暴露困难声带病变中的应用

目的探讨内窥镜在支撑喉镜不能暴露声带手术中的应用。方法在支撑喉镜难以暴露术野不能行喉显微手术的29例病例,联合应用0°、30°鼻内窥镜下切除声带肿物。结果声带息肉15例,声带小结8例,声带囊肿3例,喉室囊肿1例,声带白斑1例,任克水肿1例。随访3周至3个月,有效率100％,无并发症。结论在支撑喉镜难以暴露术野的病例,联合应用鼻内窥镜能很好地暴露术区,特别是喉室、前联合及声带下面等支撑喉镜不易暴露的部位,有利于顺利精确的完成手术,降低复发率,是一项值得推广的声带微创手术技术。     

过敏性紫癜皮肤损伤程度相关因素分析

目的探讨引起过敏性紫癜皮肤损伤的相关因素。方法过敏性紫癜患者248例检测临床指标,进行统计学分析,以皮肤损害面积和皮肤损伤程度为应变量,以有显著性差异的临床指标为自变量,进行多因素Logistic回归分析。结果患者发病年龄、皮疹持续时间、补体C3、抗链＂O＂、上呼吸道感染、性别、类风湿因子、发热、关节痛与患者紫癜强度相关。患者上感持续时间、补体C3、上呼吸道感染、性别、类风湿因子、关节痛与患者紫癜面积相关。结论患者性别、补体C3、关节痛、上呼吸道感染、类风湿因子与过敏性紫癜皮肤损伤程度存在某种相关性。     

颞叶内侧占位病灶所致癫痫的显微外科治疗

目的 观察病灶切除联合海马杏仁核切除术治疗颞叶内侧占位病灶所致癫痫的手术效果.方法 回顾性分析颞叶内侧占位病灶所致癫痫且术中深部电极探查出海马异常放电的18例患者,采用改良翼点切口开颅经颞中回皮层入路行病灶切除联合海马杏仁核切除治疗,18例患者均取得了占位病灶的肉眼全切,采用Engel分级量表评价癫痫控制效果.结果 所有病例均获得随访,平均2.8年.术后Engel分级Ⅰ级13例,Ⅱ级4例,Ⅲ级1例,Ⅳ级0例,2例出现对侧1/4象限盲;3例出现近期记忆功能较术前下降,无手术死亡及其他持久并发症.结论 病灶切除联合海马杏仁核切除术治疗病侧海马异常放电的颞叶内侧占位病灶所致癫痫,并发症少,安全有效.     

外阴上皮内非瘤样变治疗进展

外阴上皮内非瘤样病变是一组慢性疾病,根据1987年国际外阴疾病研究协会与国际妇科病理学家协会共同制定的新外阴皮肤疾病分类法,外阴上皮内非瘤样病变分为外阴鳞状上皮增生、外阴硬化性苔癣及其他皮肤病.因其病因不明确,临床上许多治疗方法虽能暂时控制其症状,但复发率较高.故临床医师正努力探索各种方法以提高患者的治愈率,降低复发率.该文就外阴上皮内非瘤样变治疗进展作以综述.     

川崎病患儿血浆中血栓前体蛋白的变化及意义

目的探讨血浆血栓前体蛋白(TPP)水平在川崎病(KD)患儿中的变化及其意义。方法2008年3月至9月山西省儿童医院心内科收治并确诊为KD的住院患儿40例,根据超声心动图显示分为冠状动脉损伤(CAL)组(16例),非冠状动脉损伤(NCAL)组(24例);根据病程分为急性期组和恢复期组。另以20名健康儿童作为健康对照组。应用酶联免疫吸附法检测血浆TPP水平。结果KD组患儿急性期血浆TPP含量高于恢复期及对照组,急性期和恢复期及对照组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);KD恢复期与对照组相比差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。KD急性期CAL组TPP含量与NCAL组相比,两者差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。KD恢复期CAL组TPP含量与NCAL组相比,两者差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。KD组患儿急性期TPP含量与冠状动脉扩张呈正相关,相关系数和P值分别为r=0.825,P<0.05。结论川崎病患儿急性期血浆中TPP浓度升高可能反映了KD患儿血液存在血栓前高凝状态,其含量变化可能与冠状动脉的损伤及其程度有一定的相关性。     

聚焦超声治疗外阴白色病变的疗效观察

目的 探讨聚焦超声治疗外阴白色病变的临床疗效.方法 采用海极星CZF-1型超声妇科治疗仪治疗外阴白色病变96例,观察治疗前后患者症状、体征的变化,讨论超声治疗的临床意义.结果 治疗后1个月、3个月、6个月复查随访,45例治愈(47.0%),40例显效(41.7%),11例有效(10.4%),总有效率100.0%.半年后复发5例(5.2%),经再次治疗后痊愈.结论 聚焦超声治疗外阴白色病是一种安全、有效、无创、方便的治疗方法 .     

MR灌注成像检查高血压脑血肿周围继发损害

目的采用MR灌注成像（PWI）技术观察高血压脑血肿及周围继发的损害。方法对35例高血压脑出血（ICH）患者分别行常规MR及PWI扫描。分别计算出血肿体积、血肿周围水肿体积及血流变化参数即局部脑血流量（rCBV）、平均通过时间（MTT）并进行相关分析。对水肿强度（血肿周围体积/血肿体积）按发病至首次扫描时间间隔（IOFS）进行分组（2-4天组、5-9天组、10-14天组、15-22天组）,然后进行方差分析,比较不同组rCBV的差异。结果35例患者血肿周围水肿体积与对侧脑组织的比较显示rCBV减低、MTT延长;rCBV和血肿大小呈轻度负相关（R=-0.216）;水肿体积与血肿大小呈正相关（R=0.604）;水肿强度（水肿体积/血肿体积）和rCBV之间呈正相关性（R=0.44）;IOFS分组间血肿周围rCBV差异均有显著性。结论脑出血后血肿周围局部血流量下降可导致血肿周围组织的缺血性损害,但水肿高峰时间明显滞后于缺血高峰时间。