大鼠腹外斜肌肌纤维型组成及分布研究

目的探讨大鼠腹外斜肌的肌纤维型组成和分布,借以了解该肌功能,并为运动训练模型的建立提供理论依据和研究平台。方法采用Guth-Samaha肌球蛋白ATP酶组织化学染色法并稍做改良,对成年SD大鼠腹外斜肌冰冻切片进行肌纤维分型研究。结果SD大鼠腹外斜肌经肌球蛋白ATP酶组织化学染色后可明确分出2型肌纤维,即明亮色白的Ⅰ型纤维(慢缩纤维)和幽暗深褐的Ⅱ型纤维(快缩纤维),并且,2种纤维在肌内呈棋盘样均匀分布;图像分析仪下计数Ⅱ型纤维达到(84.8±5.3)%,而Ⅰ纤维仅占(15.2±2.1)%,前者占绝对优势(P<0.01)。结论SD大鼠腹外斜肌以Ⅱ型纤维为主,除了起保护腹腔脏器作用外,还参与力量和速度运动。     

实验大鼠斜方肌肌纤维型组成及分布研究

目的探讨大鼠斜方肌的肌纤维型组成和分布,借以了解该肌功能。方法取成年SD大鼠斜方肌升部肌组织进行冰冻切片(8μm厚),采用Guth-Samaha肌球蛋白ATP酶组织化学染色法并稍做改良,对其进行肌纤维分型研究。结果SD大鼠斜方肌经肌球蛋白ATP酶组织化学染色后可明确分出2种肌纤维型,即白色的Ⅰ型纤维(慢缩纤维)和深褐色的Ⅱ型纤维(快缩纤维),2种肌纤维在肌内呈棋盘样均匀分布;图像分析计数其Ⅰ型纤维占(48.8±6.9)%,Ⅱ型纤维比例为(51.2±6.9)%,2者比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论SD大鼠斜方肌2型肌纤维所占比例均等,与其维持颈背部姿势的作用一致。     

SD大鼠钳夹脊髓损伤模型的建立

目的探讨构建一种SD大鼠脊髓钳夹损伤模型,用于脊髓损伤（spinal cord injury,SCI）的研究。方法将36只成年雄性SD大鼠随机分成A、B、C三组,每组12只。脊髓损伤组（A组）：用动脉瘤夹钳夹大鼠第10胸椎对应脊髓。假手术组（B组）：只打开椎板,暴露脊髓,不造成SCI。正常对照组（C组）：正常大鼠,不做任何处理。通过行为学观察（BBB评分）、HE染色和神经电生理检测进行判断。结果HE染色结果：A组可见脊髓正常组织被破坏,损伤区可见血管破裂出血,有大片坏死灶,周围神经细胞肿胀变性,内有炎症细胞浸润。B、C两组基本一致,组织结构正常。BBB评分：B组术后1周功能恢复接近正常,评分20分。A组术后第2周开始恢复,到第3周基本停止,最终BBB评分低于6分,两组比较有明显差异（P〈0．05）。神经电生理（SEP）检测：A组可以明显看到SEP的波峰趋于水平,且潜伏期无限延长,与B组相差显著（P〈0．05）。A组内动物BBB评分、SEP无显著性差异（P〉0．05）。结论通过动脉瘤夹钳夹SD大鼠T10脊髓,能够建立良好的脊髓损伤动物模型。     

Electrical stimulation of cerebellar fastigial nucleus promotes the expression of growth arrest and DNA damage inducible gene β and motor function recovery in cerebral ischemia/reperfusion rats

This study focused on the effects of electrical stimulation of cerebellar fastigial nucleus on the expression of growth arrest and DNA damage inducible gene β (Gadd45β) and on motor function recovery after focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) in rats. Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: sham I/R (control group), I/R (I/R group), I/R with sham stimulation and I/R with electrical stimulation at 6h, 12h, 24h, 2d and 3d after I/R. Cerebral ischemia and reperfusion was established by nylon monofilament occlusion method. Fastigial nucleus (FN) electrical stimulation was applied at 2h after ischemia for 1h. The changes in the expression of Gadd45β were analyzed by immunohistochemistry, real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Western-blot respectively. Another group of rats were divided into the same 4 groups. Montoya staircase test score was used to test the motor function of affected forelimb. The levels of Gadd45β were significantly elevated after I/R injury. FN electrical stimulation treatment elevated the expression of Gadd45β further and improved motor function recovery. These results suggest that FN electrical stimulation can promote the expression of Gadd45β and motor function recovery after focal cerebral ischemia.     

两种脑出血动物模型的AQP4表达与磁共振成像的比较研究

目的比较两种脑出血(ICH)动物模型磁共振成像(MRI)的差异,并对其分子机制进行探讨。方法将胶原酶和自体血注入大鼠尾状核建立脑出血模型,分别于术后6h、12h、1d、2d、3d和7d进行磁共振成像扫描,观察两组脑出血模型血肿体积的大小;运用干湿重法、伊文思蓝(EB)测定法和免疫印迹分别检测两组脑出血模型的脑含水量(BWC)、血脑屏障(BBB)通透性和AQP4的表达变化。结果胶原酶模型组的血肿体积在脑出血后1d达到最大并持续至3d,自体血组的血肿体积在12h达到最大;胶原酶模型组的BWC在1d达到高峰并持续至3d,而自体血组BWC在2d逐渐降低;胶原酶模型组的EB含量在12h达到高峰并持续至2d,而自体血组EB含量在1d逐渐下降;两组模型的AQP4表达量在6h开始升高,1d达到高峰,2d逐渐降低。两组模型比较具有统计学差异(P<0.05)。结论胶原酶对BBB和细胞外基质的破坏以及AQP4的表达变化是两组脑出血模型血肿体积出现差异的重要原因。     

Humanistic and cost burden of systemic sclerosis: A review of the literature

Background

Systemic sclerosis (SSc), or systemic scleroderma, is a chronic multisystem autoimmune disease characterised by widespread vascular injury and progressive fibrosis of the skin and internal organs. Patients with SSc have decreased survival, with pulmonary involvement as the main cause of death. Current treatments for SSc manage a range of symptoms but not the cause of the disease. Our review describes the humanistic and cost burden of SSc.

基于近红外光谱法脑血肿检测的最佳检测距离选择

为提高近红外光谱法脑血肿无创检测的精度,需准确选择最佳的光源-检测器(Source-Detector,SD)位置。本研究以脑血肿发生深度为感兴趣深度(deep of interest,DOI),根据来自于DOI的光子数量定义等效信噪比(equivalent signal to noise ratio,ESNR)参数。利用蒙特卡洛算法对双层脑部模型进行仿真,分别获得了0.1、0.15、0.2、0.25、0.3 cm头皮颅骨厚度下的光源-检测器与ESNR的对应关系,从而可以根据被测者的个体差异选择最佳的光源-检测器距离以获得脑血肿检测的准确结果。SD-ESNR表格的建立,为不同检测者脑血肿检测时提供了信噪比较高的光源-检测器位置。     

重组腺病毒载体介导低氧诱导因子基因转染促进SD大鼠骨组织工程血管化的实验研究

目的评价重组腺病毒介导的低氧诱导因子基因导入是否具有促进SD大鼠骨组织工程的血管化的作用。方法通过重组低氧诱导因子腺病毒载体转染SD大鼠的骨髓基质细胞,然后将含有目的基因种子细胞与骨组织工程的支架材料藻酸钙复合成可注射性组织工程骨植入裸鼠背部皮下,应用Masson染色和SP免疫组化法观察异位成骨能力,检测构建组织的微血管密度计数(MVD)。结果动物实验显示,实验组新骨形成和新生血管形成良好,实验组的微血管化密度显著地高于对照组。结论低氧诱导因子基因导入有利于组织工程骨的新骨形成和再血管化。     

Attention and memory in aged rats: Impact of lifelong environmental enrichment

Aged rodents exhibit memory and attention dysfunctions. Environmental enrichment (EE) attenuates memory impairments. Whether it may reduce attention deficits is not known. At the age of 1 month, Long-Evans female rats were placed in standard or EE conditions and tested after 3 (young), 12 (middle-aged) or 24 (aged) months of differential housing. Spatial reference memory was assessed in a water-maze task. Attention performance was evaluated in the five-choice serial reaction time (5-CSRT) task. EE improved spatial memory at all ages, but did not ameliorate 5-CSRT performance in young and middle-aged rats; it prevented, however, the degradation of attention performances detected in aged rats. The number of ChAT (+30 to +64%)- and p75^NTR-positive (+35 to +44%) neurons was higher in the basal forebrain of aged enriched vs. standard rats, suggesting their EE-mediated protection. The weaker deficit of attention found in aged EE rats might be linked to a better survival in the very long term of neurons in the basalo-cortical system.