La dépression majeure à caractéristique atypique comme facteur de risque du syndrome d’apnées obstructives du sommeil chez le jeune adulte

ObjectivesIn the literature, several studies have investigated the particular relationship between major depression and obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome (OSAS). However, most of these studies have focused primarily on middle-aged to elderly individuals (≥ 40 years) which means that this problem has been little studied in young adults (< 30 years). Nevertheless, in young adults the prevalence of major depression (particularly its atypical subtype) is not negligible, which seems to justify carrying out additional investigations in order to allow a better understanding of the potential role played by major depression in the pathophysiology of OSAS in this particular subpopulation. The aim of this study was therefore to empirically investigate the prevalence of OSAS in young adults and to study the risk of OSAS associated with major depression in this particular subpopulation.MethodsPolysomnographic and demographic data from 264 young adults were collected from the Erasme Hospital Sleep Laboratory (Brussels, Belgium) database to enable our analyses. During their two-night stay (including a first night of habituation and a night of polysomnography) at the Sleep Laboratory, these individuals underwent a complete somatic assessment (including blood test, electrocardiogram, daytime electroencephalogram and urinalysis), a systematic psychiatric assessment by a unit psychiatrist and an assessment of their complaints related to sleep. These different steps made it possible to systematically diagnose all somatic pathologies, psychiatric disorders according to the diagnostic criteria of the DSM-IV-TR and sleep pathologies according to the diagnostic criteria of the AASM. This allowed the selection of young adults included in our study based on our inclusion and exclusion criteria. Polysomnographic recordings from our Sleep Laboratory were visually scored according to AASM criteria. An obstructive sleep apnoea-hypopnoea index ≥ 5/hour was used for the diagnosis of OSAS. At the statistical level, in order to allow our analyses, we subdivided our sample of young adults into two groups: a control group without OSAS (n = 215) and a patient group with OSAS (n = 49). After checking the normal distribution of our data, normally distributed data were analysed with t-tests whereas asymmetrically or dichotomously distributed data were analysed with Wilcoxon tests or Chi² tests. Univariate regression models were used to study the risk of OSAS associated with major depression (categorized: absent, typical, atypical) in young adults and potential confounding factors. In multivariate regression models, the risk of OSAS associated with major depression (categorized: absent, typical, atypical) in young adults was adjusted only for confounding factors significantly associated with OSAS during univariate analysis. These confounding factors were introduced in a hierarchical manner in the various multivariate regression models constructed.ResultsThe prevalence of OSAS in our population of young adults was 18.6 %. During univariate analyses, atypical depression [OR 2.51 (95% CI 1.18–5.32), p-value = 0.014], male gender [OR 4.53 (95% CI 2.20–9.34), P-value < 0.001], presence of snoring [OR 2.51 (95% CI 1.33–4.75), P-value = 0.005], presence of at least one cardio-metabolic alteration [OR 2.26 (95% CI 1.19–4.28), P-value = 0.012], body mass index> 30 kg/m² [OR 4.55 (95% CI 2.07–10.03), P-value < 0.001] and ferritin ≥ 150 μg/L [OR 3.28 (95% CI 1.69–6.36), P-value < 0.001] were associated with increased risk of OSAS in our population of young adults. After adjusting for these major confounding factors associated with OSAS (gender, body mass index, cardio-metabolic alterations, ferritin level, and snoring) in the four models studied, multivariate regression analyses confirmed that unlike typical depression, atypical depression [OR 3.09 (95% CI 1.26–7.54), P-value = 0.019] was a risk factor for OSAS in young adults.ConclusionsIn our study, we demonstrated that the prevalence of OSAS was 18.6 % in young adults referred to the Erasme Hospital Sleep Laboratory. In addition, we have shown that unlike typical depression, atypical depression was associated with an increased risk of OSAS in young adults, which seems to justify more systematic research of this pathology in young adults suffering from atypical depression in order to allow the establishment of adapted therapeutic strategies and avoid the negative consequences associated with the co-occurrence of these two pathologies.     

Ordalie,recherche de sensations et impulsivité. Analyse critique des définitions

BackgroundIn the fields of psychology and psychiatry, the use of the terms impulsivity, sensation-seeking and ordalie to refer to risk-taking behaviors can sometimes be confusing.ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to establish a clinical definition of the concepts of ordalie, sensation-seeking and impulsivity, in order to analyze the similarities and differences between these concepts.MethodsWe prioritized literature review articles with or without meta-analysis from the Medline database and supplemented with the Google-Scholar database. The articles were included in this review if their objectives were in line with ours. The research was conducted in November 2018.ResultsTwenty-seven articles were selected. There are similarities in the clinical definitions of these concepts with measurable heterogeneous constructions, and an exacerbation in adolescence for engagement in harmful behaviors, but there are also nuances that highlight their differences.ConclusionWe were able to describe areas of divergence and convergence between these three concepts but not to establish a quantitative diagram of the areas of divergence and convergence. It would seem that the coexistence of sensation-seeking and impulsivity in the same individual could explain that individual's involvement in ordalique behaviors. Further studies approaching this hypothesis would seem useful in terms of preventing risk-taking behaviors such as addictive behaviors.     

预测乳腺癌术后切口愈合不良的列线图模型建立

目的探讨乳腺癌术后切口愈合不良的危险因素,构建预测术后切口愈合不良发生的列线图模型,并评估模型的预测效果。 方法采用便利抽样法,选择2016年1月至2021年10月徐州医科大学附属淮安医院行乳腺癌手术的813例患者,根据术后切口愈合情况分为愈合良好组（767例）和愈合不良组（46例）。收集两组患者基本信息、病理特征及手术情况开展单因素分析,通过多因素Logistic回归分析筛选术后切口愈合不良的危险因素,利用R 4.1.3软件绘制术后切口愈合不良发生的列线图预测模型并评估其区分度和符合度。 结果愈合不良组年龄、营养不良、合并糖尿病、贫血及手术切口为纵切口比例、置引流管时间与愈合良好组比较,差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。Logistic回归分析显示,乳腺癌术后切口愈合不良发生的主要危险因素为年龄大（OR=1.269）、营养不良（OR=2.376）、合并糖尿病（OR=2.262）、贫血（OR=2.227）、置引流管时间长（OR=1.571）（均P<0.05）;受试者工作特征曲线及校准曲线分析结果显示,构建的列线图预测模型区分度（曲线下面积为0.785,95% CI：0.725~0.845）及符合度（拟合优度HL检验χ²=8.294,P=0.405）均较高。 结论基于年龄、营养不良、合并糖尿病、贫血、置引流管时间5项危险因素构建的乳腺癌术后切口愈合不良列线图模型具有较好的预测效能。     

冠状动脉旁路移植术后手术部位感染风险预测模型及管理策略

目的:探讨影响冠状动脉旁路移植术(CABG)后手术部位感染的主要危险因素,并构建定量列线图风险预测模型,提出针对性管理策略。方法:回顾性总结2015年5月至2019年5月于南京医科大学附属盐城市第三人民医院接受CABG患者共302例作为模型组,比较感染与未感染者临床资料(主要包括性别、年龄、基础疾病史、体质指数、美国麻醉师协会(ASA)评分、常规皮肤准备、围术期抗菌药物不合理使用、手术时间>4 h、手术室探视和连续使用同一手术室),再经多因素Logistic回归分析筛选主要危险因素并构建列线图风险预测模型。纳入2019年6月至2020年12月共211例CABG患者作为验证组,接受感染管理策略。采用受试者工作曲线(ROC)分析列线图模型评估模型组与验证组感染发生的效能。结果:模型组共诊断11例患者发生感染(3.64%,11/302),单因素分析显示感染者年龄高于未感染者,且感染者基础疾病史(高血压和糖尿病)和肥胖者比例增高,ASA评分升高,常规皮肤准备方法、围术期抗菌药物不合理使用、手术时间>4 h、手术室探视、连续使用同一手术室比例均较未感染者增高(P均<0.05)。Logistic回归分析显示,高龄(OR=1.58、95%CI:1.12~2.53、P=0.011)、基础疾病史(OR=2.63、95%CI:2.12~3.06、P=0.001)、围术期抗菌药物不合理使用(OR=2.01、95%CI:1.55~2.69、P=0.002)、手术时间>4 h(OR=3.11、95%CI:2.68~3.59、P=0.001)和手术室探视(OR=1.24、95%CI:1.01~1.85、P=0.024)均为CABG术后手术部位感染的主要危险因素。应用R软件根据主要危险因素(高龄、基础疾病、抗菌药物不合理使用、手术时间>4 h、手术室探视)的权重(β值)进行定量赋值建立列线图模型。验证组共诊断感染者2例(0.95%,2/211),显著低于模型组(Fisher’s确切概率法,取单侧P=0.047)。ROC分析显示,列线图模型预测模型组和验证组发生感染的准确性分别为0.895和0.864;Hosmer-Lemeshow检验显示拟合度良好。结论:CABG术后手术部位感染的发生与多个临床因素有关,如高龄、基础疾病史、围术期抗菌药物不合理使用、手术时间>4 h和手术室探视,医护人员应充分认知并采取严格的感染管理措施以减少感染的发生。     

肝移植术后早期感染危险因素分析及预测

目的探讨肝移植术后早期(≤1个月)感染发生的危险因素并建立列线图预测模型。 方法回顾性分析2016年1月至2020年12月宁波大学附属李惠利医院肝移植中心200例同种异体肝移植受者临床资料。根据纳入和排除标准共收集181例受者的人口学数据、临床资料和病原菌检测结果,根据术后早期是否发生感染分为感染组(n＝96)和非感染组(n＝85)。分析受者术后早期感染菌群分布特点和相关危险因素,构建列线图并评价其拟合度、区分度和临床实用性。正态分布计量资料采用独立样本t检验比较,不符合正态分布计量资料采用Mann-Whitney U检验比较。分类变量采用χ²检验或Fisher确切概率法。采用Logistic回归分析进行多因素分析。采用R语言(4.1.2)软件rms包构建列线图模型,并通过Bootstrap自抽样法对模型进行内部验证;采用Hosmer-Lemeshow检验、校准曲线、受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线下面积、一致性指数(C指数)及临床决策曲线分析来评价列线图的校准度、区分度及临床实用性。P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。 结果纳入研究的181例受者中,肝移植术后早期感染发生率为53.0%(96/181),96例感染组受者共检出病原菌132株,以革兰阴性菌最为常见(42.4%)。受者术后2周内感染发生率最高(70.8%,68/96),感染常见部位为肺部和血行感染。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,受者女性(OR＝4.235,95%CI：1.577～11.370)、MELD评分≥20(OR＝3.742,95%CI：1.296～10.805)、Chlid-Pugh分级C级(OR＝3.346,95%CI：1.263～8.862)、术后呼吸机使用时间(OR＝1.036,95%CI：1.009～1.063)是肝移植术后早期感染的独立危险因素。根据上述独立危险因素建立列线图预测模型,经Bootstrap法进行内部验证,Hosmer-Lemeshow检验无统计学意义(χ²＝7.236,P>0.05),校正曲线贴近于理想曲线,预测模型与观测值具有较好的拟合度。C指数和ROC曲线下面积均为0.800(95%CI：0.735～0.865),模型具有良好的区分度。模型临床决策曲线在较广的阈值概率范围内(0.2～1.0),高于采用单一危险因素预测,显示该模型具有临床实用性。 结论肝移植受者性别、MELD评分、Child-Pugh分级和术后呼吸机使用时间是移植术后早期感染的独立危险因素,列线图对移植术后早期感染的预测效果良好。     

成年人股骨颈骨折分型的研究进展北大核心CSCD

成年人股骨颈骨折的治疗仍然是目前创伤骨科医生面临的一项艰难挑战,不同治疗方案的治疗效果不同。治疗效果受多种因素影响,如年龄、性别、术前身体状况等,其中股骨颈骨折的分型方法对治疗方案选择及预后判断具有重要指导作用。目前临床上经典的成年人股骨颈骨折分型方法主要有Garden分型、AO/OTA分型及Pauwels分型等。近年来,随着科技的进步,一些先进的技术应用于临床,如CT、MRI、数字减影血管造影等,从而出现了新的分型方法,但各自都存在不足,有待于完善。本文就成年人股骨颈骨折分型的研究进展及治疗原则作一综述。     

The Influence of Diabetes,Hypertension, and Hyperlipidemia on the Onset of Age-Related Macular Degeneration in North China: The Kailuan Eye Study

ObjectiveTo analyze the prevalence of dry and wet age-related macular degeneration (AMD) in patients with diabetes, hypertension and hyperlipidemia, and to analyze the risk factors for AMD.MethodsA population-based cross-sectional epidemiologic study was conducted involving 14,440 individuals. We assessed the prevalence of dry and wet AMD in diabetic and non-diabetic subjects and analyzed the risk factors for AMD.ResultsThe prevalence of wet AMD in diabetic and non-diabetic patients was 0.3% and 0.5%, respectively, and the prevalence of dry AMD was 17% and 16.4%, respectively. The prevalence of wet AMD in healthy, hypertensive, hyperlipidemic, and hypertensive/hyperlipidemic populations was 0.5%, 0.3%, 0.2%, and 0.7%, respectively. The prevalence of dry AMD in healthy, hypertensive, hyperlipidemic, and hypertensive/hyperlipidemic populations was 16.6%, 16.2%, 15.2%, and 17.2%, respectively. Age, sex, body mass index, and use of hypoglycemic drugs or lowering blood pressure drugs were corrected in the risk factor analysis of AMD. Diabetes, diabetes/hypertension, diabetes/hyperlipidemia, and diabetes/hypertension/hyperlipidemia were analyzed. None of the factors analyzed in the current study increased the risk for the onset of AMD.ConclusionThere was no significant difference in the prevalence of wet and dry AMD among diabetic and non-diabetic subjects. Similarly, there was no significant difference in the prevalence of wet and dry AMD among subjects with hypertension and hyperlipidemia. Diabetes co-existing with hypertension and hyperlipidemia were not shown to be risk factors for the onset of dry AMD.     

超声多参数回归模型评估乳腺癌腋窝淋巴结转移的价值

目的：建立以乳腺癌腋窝淋巴结超声诊断特征为变量的Logistic回归模型,评价常规超声及实时弹性成像技术对乳腺癌腋窝淋巴结有无转移鉴别诊断的价值。方法对病理证实的112例乳腺癌患者的113个腋窝淋巴结的常规超声及弹性成像各因素进行综合分析,建立二分类Logistic回归模型,通过绘制ROC曲线评价模型的诊断效能。结果在纳入的113个淋巴结中,术后病理证实28个无转移,85个有转移。经过前进法Logistic回归分析,筛选出弹性应变率比值（ SR）、弹性评分及形态等3个指标对乳腺癌腋窝淋巴结转移诊断有统计学意义的特征变量。 Logistic回归模型对乳腺癌腋窝淋巴结转移预报的正确率为93．8％, ROC曲线下面积为0．962。结论二分类Logistic回归模型对腋窝淋巴结性质有较好的诊断效能,弹性成像提高了常规超声诊断腋窝淋巴结的准确度。