肝动脉栓塞联合瘤体内博莱霉素注射治疗少血供性肝血管瘤

目的 探讨少血供性肝海绵状血管瘤经肝动脉栓塞后进行瘤体内注射博莱霉素治疗的疗效和安全性.方法 前瞻性研究9例少血供性肝海绵状血管瘤患者经肝动脉栓塞结合经皮经肝瘤体内药物注射治疗情况.对于CT/MRI明确诊断的肝海绵状血管瘤(直径＞5 cm),且CT增强扫描时仅有点状或少许斑片状强化而大部分无强化且延迟扫描时仍然如此表现的9例患者,先行肝动脉插管栓塞术,栓塞剂为超液化碘油(10 m1)与博莱霉素(8 mg)混悬剂,实际用量为5～10 ml.栓塞后4 d开始行经皮经肝瘤体内穿刺多点注射博莱霉素8～16 mg,间隔3～4 d再次注射,连续2～3次,1个月后复查CT,以后3、6个月及1年不定期复查CT.结果 9例患者DSA上所见血管瘤染色与CT增强扫描表现一致,碘油沉积呈散在点状分布,治疗后1个月瘤体均明显缩小,以后继续缩小,1年后复查基本稳定不再缩小.2例患者出现急性胆囊炎,对症处理后痊愈.1例出现栓塞后胆汁瘤,随访观察未进一步进展,未作特殊处理.结论 经肝动脉栓塞联合瘤体内博莱霉素注射治疗少血供性肝血管瘤是简便、安全并有效的方法 .     

经皮经肝胆道支架术在肝移植术后胆管狭窄中的应用

目的 评价经皮经肝胆道支架术治疗肝移植术后胆管狭窄的疗效.方法 肝移植术后胆管狭窄患者23例,其中吻合口狭窄7例,肝门区狭窄6例,多发性狭窄10例.确诊后均行经皮经肝胆道支架术.术前均给予经皮经肝胆管引流术(percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage,PTBD),同时对狭窄部位...     

Correlation of 3-T MRI and CT findings with patient symptoms and treatment outcome in radiofrequency ablation of osteoid osteoma

ObjectiveThe aim of this prospective study was to evaluate pre- and post-treatment MRI and CT findings of osteoid osteoma (OO) patients treated with radiofrequency thermo-ablation (RFTA) and to compare these findings with visual analog scale (VAS) scores.MethodsSixteen patients (4 females and 12 males; mean age of 18.87 ± 8.75 years (range: 8–37)) with OO were examined with CT and MRI, at baseline and at an average of 3 months following the procedure. On pre- and post-procedural CT and MRIs, OO-related findings were recorded. Treatment success was evaluated with VAS scores.ResultsBaseline VAS scores were 8 or 9 and follow-up scores were 0 or 1, indicating no early recurrences.Nidus diameters decreased significantly after the procedure (p = 0.027, p = 0.002, and p = 0.002; and p = 0.001, p = 0.001, p = 0.001 for AP, ML and CC nidus diameters for CT and MRI, respectively).The mean nidus volume were significantly decreased after the procedure (p = 0.001, for CT and MRI).On post-procedural images, cortical thickening, the signal intensity and contrast enhancement of the nidus and the extent of periostitis were significantly decreased (p = 0.019, p = 0.001, p = 0.001 and p = 0.034, respectively). There was no significant change in nidus calcification, perinidal cortical and intramedullary sclerosis, periosteal reaction, bone deformity, bone marrow and soft tissue edema, joint effusion and synovitis after the procedure (p = 0.253, p = 0.062, p = 0.245, p = 1, p = 1, p = 0.429, p = 0.371, p = 0.625, p = 1).ConclusionAlthough the changes in imaging findings may be helpful in early follow-up of OO patients treated with RFTA, these changes alone cannot be used with accuracy in predicting treatment response.Level of EvidenceLevel IV, Therapeutic Study.     

血管介入机器人的血管造影实验研究

目的 验证血管介入手术机器人系统应用于血管介入手术的可行性及安全性.方法 血管介入机器人主要包括机械推进系统和图像导航系统两部分,采用主辅结构.外科医生处于主站点位置,发送控制指令到处于辅位置的机器人,机器人将指令转化为导管动作.在玻璃模型预实验和动物实验中,外科医牛通过远程控制血管介入机器人,将导管插入到预定的目标,最后评测导管定位误差及手术时间.结果 玻璃检测血管模型预实验中,在机器人的操纵下,造影导管可以进入一个任意分支血管模型,导管定位误差<1 mm.在10只成年犬上成功进行机器人血管介入手术.犬的肾动脉与椎动脉造影均顺利进行,无手术并发症,实验平均用时35 min,医生未暴露在射线下.结论 血管介入手术机器人系统是安全和可行的,可实现导管的医生远程操作,基本上满足血管造影的要求.     

介入机械性血栓清除术治疗急性肺栓塞

目的探讨应用介入机械性血栓清除术治疗急性肺栓塞的方法、疗效和安全性。方法对26例急性肺栓塞患者,行肺动脉造影明确栓子部位,应用机械血栓清除器械(Amplatz血栓消融器17例,Straub血栓旋切器9例)行介入血栓清除术,观察临床症状、肺动脉血栓清除情况、血氧饱和度(SaO2)、肺动脉平均压(MPAP)、动脉血氧分压(PaO2)。25例明确伴下肢深静脉血栓形成者,介入血栓清除术后放置下腔静脉滤器。结果本组均成功行介入机械性血栓清除术,26例患者介入术后临床症状均明显改善,SaO2明显上升,MPAP明显下降,PaO2明显升高,21例肺动脉内血栓大部分清除,无严重手术相关并发症。术后随访1～36个月,患者无肺动脉栓塞复发。结论介入机械性血栓清除术治疗急性肺栓塞是创伤小、安全易行、疗效确切的治疗方法。     

胆道闭锁患儿肝移植术后门静脉狭窄的血管腔内治疗

目的探讨血管腔内治疗在胆道闭锁患儿肝移植术后门静脉狭窄(PVS)治疗中的应用价值。方法收集因原发病为胆道闭锁接受肝移植、术后后发生PVS的患儿14例,均经门静脉造影证实,并接受经皮血管成形术和(或)经皮血管内支架成形术治疗。分析14例患儿血管腔内介入治疗的效果。结果 14例患儿共进行23次血管内腔内介入治疗,技术成功率82.61%(19/23)。10例患儿经1~2次球囊扩张治疗后治愈,4例患儿球囊扩张治疗后,行血管腔内支架成形术,支架植入后未发生狭窄。14例患儿均未出现治疗相关并发症。结论胆道闭锁患儿肝移植术后PVS的血管腔内介入治疗安全、有效。     

原发性肝癌并门静脉癌栓的肝动脉化疗栓塞治疗

目的评价经肝动脉化疗栓塞术治疗原发性肝癌并门静脉癌栓的疗效和安全性。方法原发性肝癌并门静脉癌栓患者83例,其中53例行肝动脉化疗栓塞术(栓塞组),30例行肝动脉化学药物灌注(对照组)。对两组的疗效和并发症进行比较。结果经介入治疗后,栓塞组患者 6、12、24、36个月的生存率分别为97．8％、85．2％、45．8％、4．4％,均高于对照组(37．6％、5．3％、0、0． P均<0．01)。两组患者术后并发症的发生率差异无统计学意义。结论原发性肝癌并门静脉癌栓行经肝动脉化疗栓塞术较化疗灌注术的疗效好。     

肢体动脉阻塞性疾病的介入溶栓治疗

目的探讨栓子内溶栓治疗肢体动脉急、慢性阻塞性疾病的方法和效果。方法12例血管造影证实为肢体动脉阻塞者,将导管和溶栓导丝插入血栓内,以4000U/min尿激酶(UK)灌注直至血栓溶解。结果病程<3d者6例,血管全部再通,UK平均用量67万U;病程>2个月者6例,血管再通5例,UK平均用量106万U,1例无效者病程4.2年。术中术后无严重并发症。结论栓子内溶栓安全有效,是治疗肢体动脉急、慢性阻塞性疾病的优先选择的方法。     

基于区域医学影像平台的县域放射质量管理研究

目的探讨基于区域医学影像平台进行县域放射质量管理。方法在基于PACS技术和电信宽带网络相结合的区域医学影像会诊平台的基础上,通过建立数据库、统一放射影像检查图像质量标准、统一放射检查报告区域医学影像平台模板、建立放射质量评判标准、目标和评判方法、流程,观察图像质量优良率、诊断报告质量优良率等指标,构建基于区域医学影像平台的县域放射质量管理体系。结果图像质量优良率、诊断报告质量优良率等放射质控指标上升,达到考核目标要求(≥90%)。结论通过区域医学影像平台,改变传统放射质量管理模式,可以提高区域内放射检查质量,提高管理效率和时效。     

Exploratory Study of Apparent Diffusion Coefficient Histogram Metrics in Assessing Pancreatic Malignancy

PurposeTo evaluate whole-lesion 3D-histogram apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) metrics for assessment of pancreatic malignancy.MethodsForty-two pancreatic malignancies (36 pancreatic adenocarcinoma [PDAC], 6 pancreatic neuroendocrine [PanNET]) underwent abdominal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with diffusion-weighted imaging before endoscopic ultrasound biopsy or surgical resection. Two radiologists independently placed 3D volumes of interest to derive whole-lesion histogram ADC metrics. Mann-Whitney tests and receiver operating characteristic analyses were used to assess metrics’ diagnostic performance for lesion histology, T-stage, N-stage, and grade.ResultsWhole-lesion ADC histogram metrics lower in PDACs than PanNETs for both readers (P ≤ .026) were mean ADC (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.787-0.792), mean of the bottom 10th percentile (mean_0-10) (AUC = 0.787-0.880), mean of the 10th-25th percentile (mean_10-25) (AUC = 0.884-0.917) and mean of the 25th-50th percentile (mean_25-50) (AUC = 0.829-0.829). For mean_10-25 (metric with highest AUC for identifying PDAC), for reader 1 a threshold > 0.94 × 10^?3 mm²/s achieved sensitivity 94% and specificity 83%, and for reader 2 a threshold > 0.82 achieved sensitivity 97% and specificity 67%. Metrics lower in nodal status ≥ N₁ than N₀ for both readers (P ≤ .043) were mean_0-10 (AUC = 0.789-0.822) and mean_10-25 (AUC = 0.800-0.822). For mean_10-25 (metric with highest AUC for identifying N₀), for reader 1 a threshold <1.17 achieved sensitivity 87% and specificity 67%, and for reader 2 a threshold <1.04 achieved sensitivity 87% and specificity 83%. No metric was associated with T-stage (P > .195) or grade (P > .215).ConclusionVolumetric ADC histogram metrics may serve as non-invasive biomarkers of pancreatic malignancy. Mean_10-25 outperformed standard mean for lesion histology and nodal status, supporting the role of histogram analysis.