足底血管和神经的应用解剖学研究

本文选用成人尸体下肢 6 0侧 (男 30女 30 ) ,对足底血管和神经进行了观察和研究。结果表明足底内侧动脉起始部外径是 :男 1.6 8± 0 .2 2mm ;女 1.32± 0 .19mm ;足底外侧动脉起始部外径是 :男 2 .0 0± 0 .2 7mm ;女 1.73± 0 .2 7mm ,两性间有显著性差异。足底内侧神经起始部横径是 :男 2 .95± 0 .6 5mm ;女 2 .90± 0 .6 2mm。足底外侧神经起始部外径是 :男 2 .6 8± 0 .82mm ;女 2 .31± 0 .5 3mm ,两性间无差异。同时确定了足底内、外侧动脉 ,足底内、外侧神经 ,足底动脉弓、神经弓的体表投影 ,从而为临床医生确定神经血管的位置和局部手术时足底神经的麻醉提供形态学资料。另外 ,对足底内、外侧血管、足底内、外侧神经和足底动脉弓、神经弓的分支进行了显微外科解剖并进行了分析研究 ,为断指再植显微外科手术提供了解剖学资料     

T管窦道的形成与临床意义

目的:了解胆道术后不同时期T管窦道的结构特点并探讨其临床意义.方法:选择胆总管切开探查T管引流术病人.术中测量胆道压力及术后测量胆道压力和T管窦道的牢固性;检查拔T管后胆瘘的位置;对术后行纤维胆道镜检查者,测量T管窦道的长度和宽度,取部分窦道壁组织进行病理检查;对再次手术者,术中形成窦道,术后对窦道壁进行病理检查.结果:T管窦道的长度为(6.3±4.1) cm,宽度为(0.74±0.09) cm,厚度及牢固性术后不同时期各不相同,并受一些因素影响,窦道与胆总管和腹壁连接处较薄弱.结论:T管窦道有其本身的结构特点,了解T管窦道的结构特点对术后胆汁漏的防治以及选择时期经T管窦道行胆道内的各种检查和治疗有意义.     

眶尖部的断层影像解剖学研究

①目的　通过眶尖部结构的断层影像解剖研究 ,为鼻内镜下眶尖部手术提供可靠的解剖学数据 ,减少手术并发症。②方法　随机选取 30例成人尸头进行CT扫描 ,对前鼻棘至眶尖部各结构的距离、侧偏角、视神经管及眶上裂各径线长度、毗邻关系等进行断层影像解剖观测。并将CT扫描图像与断层切片进行对照。③结果断层影像测量前鼻棘至视神经管眶口、颅口内侧壁的距离分别为 (70 .35± 4 .93)、(72 .76± 5 .0 3)mm ,侧偏角分别为9.6 5°± 1.30°、5 .4 4°± 0 .86°。视神经管内侧壁中部最薄 ,视神经管中部为视神经管最狭窄的部位。④结论以FV平面作为轴位扫描基线 ,结合水平及冠状位CT图像进行分析 ,有利于眶尖部结构的准确定位     

额颞经颧弓-颞下手术入路的显微解剖学研究

目的对额颞经颧弓-颞下手术入路进行显微外科解剖学研究,为手术入路提供解剖学基础。方法利用10例经福尔马林固定的国人成人尸头共20侧,15例头颅干标本共30侧,对额颞经颧弓-颞下手术人路相关解剖标志进行了详细地显微解剖、观察、拍摄、测量和统计。结果面神经额支与颧支存在变异的可能,离断颧弓的断端间距约30mm,颅板外缘至颧骨前后根夹角处距离约25mm,前后根交点与中颅窝底的夹角为-0．03±2．83(-5．0-4．0)°。与保留颧弓相比,离断颧弓后的骨窗下缘至颞底可缩短15mm左右的距离,与干标本测量颧弓宽度的数据14．76mm相当。海绵窦中段的截面、视神经管和眶上裂的解剖关系相对固定。结论额颞经颧弓-颞下手术入路适用于海绵窦-眶尖区病变,其手术空间和视角非常理想,应根据手术需要酌情采用。     

Anatomic relationships between surgical landmarks in type b and type c infratemporal fossa approaches

Anatomic relationships of the structures exposed in type B and C infratemporal fossa approaches were studied in 20 temporal bones. The intrapetrous carotid artery (ICA), cochlea (CH), eustachian tube (ET), foramen spinosum (FS), foramen ovale (FO) and anterior foramen lacerum (AFL) were exposed by drilling of the glenoid fossa and base of middle cranial fossa. The relationships of the ICA with the cochleariform process (CP), CH, ET, FS, FO and AFL were noted along with associated measurements. The CP was lodged at a mean distance of 9.2 mm from the ICA genu. The ET was found to intersect the ICA. The mean distance of the ICA to the CH was 1.6 mm. The carotid canal was dehiscent on its horizontal portion in 30% of the bones studied and on its vertical portion in 5%. The periarterial venous plexus was found in 70% of the bones. No obvious branch was observed emerging from the vertical portion of the ICA. The FS was found to be a canal having a mean length of 5.8 mm. Received: 14 March 1996 / Accepted: 22 August 1997     

胃网膜右动脉与胸廓内动脉的应用解剖学和组织学比较研究

在成人尸体上观测了胃网膜右动脉和胸廓内动脉，并进行了组织学观察。结果表明，ＰＧＥＡ是继ＩＭＡ之后的较理想的移植血管。为ＲＧＥＡ和ＩＭＡ应用于冠状动脉旁路术提供了依据。     

逆行髋臼前柱拉力螺钉内固定的应用解剖学研究

[目的]为逆行髋臼前柱拉力螺钉内固定提供应用解剖学基础。[方法]取半骨盆标本20个,自髋臼切迹至髋臼上缘每隔5.0 mm作系列截骨面,找到最小截骨面,用圆盘法确定其圆心及直径,用斯氏针由该截面的圆心逆行打入,在髂骨后外侧穿出。将该截面下方的系列截面解剖复位,再将斯氏针顺行打入前柱,由耻骨上支前外侧穿出,该穿出点为P,P即为逆行髋臼前柱拉力螺钉入钉点。测量其在髋臼前柱骨皮质内的长度,将耻骨结节命名为A,将髂耻隆起命名为B,测量AB及PA的距离,并观察该斯氏针的方向。[结果]最小截骨面位于髋臼切迹上方15.0 mm处,该截面平均直径为(4.9±1.7)mm,髋臼前柱骨皮质内斯氏针长度为(86.8±7.2)mm,P位于耻骨上支前缘闭孔嵴上,P距耻骨结节(A)的距离PA为(2.3±0.4)mm,耻骨结节(A)距髂耻隆起(B)的距离AB为(4.7±0.3)mm,P约为AB的中点,该斯氏针与弓状线平行。[结论]逆行髋臼前柱拉力螺钉入钉点P位于耻骨上支耻骨结节与髂耻隆起中点处的闭孔嵴上,P距耻骨结节(2.3±0.4)mm,该螺钉最大直径为(4.9±1.7)mm,最大长度为(86.8±7.2)mm,该螺钉与弓状线平行。     

Anatomy of the parietal lobe: Mapping the individual pattern

Summary Using magnetic resonance imaging with planes of section tangential to the left or right perietal convexity, we studied the sulcus pattern of the parietal lobes in 50 healthy subjects. The postcentral sulcus and the intraparietal sulcus were easily identified. As a characteristic landmark, and corresponding to postmortem findings, both sulci joined in 77% of the 100 hemispheres. The presurgical recognition of individual parietal lobe anatomy may improve surgical planning, in particular with an intended persulcal approach.