超声显影线定位法辅助桡动脉穿刺置管的应用价值

目的 评价超声显影线定位法辅助桡动脉穿刺置管的成功率及安全性。方法 选择2017年4月至2018年3月深圳市龙岗中心医院需要行动脉测压的择期手术患者163例,采用随机数字表法将患者分为对照组和观察组,对照组81例采用触摸法定位行桡动脉穿刺置管,观察组82例于超声辅助下定位行桡动脉穿刺置管,比较两组患者首次穿刺成功率、总穿刺成功率、穿刺置管平均时间,记录并发症发生率。结果 观察组首次穿刺、置管成功率明显高于对照组[89.02%vs 75.31%;89.02%vs 69.14%],差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。观察组总穿刺、置管成功率均高于对照组[100.00%vs 92.59%;100.00%vs 88.89%],差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。观察组首次穿刺置管时间、总穿刺置管时间明显短于对照组[（15.44±2.09）min vs（24.48±4.31）min;（22.36±3.17）min vs（33.72±4.26）min],差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。两组患者穿刺部位均无明显血肿、渗血、栓塞等并发症。结论 超声显影线定位法辅助桡动脉穿刺置管可提高穿刺置管准确性和成功率,缩短诊疗时间。     

自由角度和改制后固定角度穿刺架引导下仿甲状腺细针抽吸穿刺体模实验

目的探讨自由角度及改制后固定角度穿刺架在甲状腺细针抽吸穿刺中的可行性及准确性。方法模拟甲状腺细针抽吸穿刺建立模型,由10位医生分别通过徒手穿刺、使用自由角度穿刺架和改制后固定角度穿刺架对体模中的目标进行穿刺,每人做三次穿刺,分别记录下每次穿刺的目标深度、穿刺时间和成功率并对以上数据作统计学分析。结果第一组(徒手穿刺)穿刺成功率76.7%,目标放置平均深度1.99cm,穿刺平均时间40.52s;第二组(自由角度穿刺架)穿刺成功率100%,目标放置平均深度2.12cm,穿刺平均时间7.75s;第三组(改制后固定角度穿刺架)穿刺成功率100%,目标放置平均深度2.22cm,穿刺平均时间3.26s。徒手穿刺的成功率小于自由角度和改制后固定角度穿刺(P<0.05),自由角度和改制后固定角度穿刺的目标深度均大于徒手穿刺(P<0.05),自由角度和改制后固定角度穿刺的目标深度无差异(P=0.18),自由角度和改制后固定角度穿刺操作时间均短于徒手穿刺操作时间(P<0.001),改制后固定角度穿刺操作时间短于自由角度操作时间(P<0.01)。结论使用自由角度和改制后固定角度穿刺架穿刺均比徒手穿刺有更高的准确性,改制后固定角度穿刺架较自由角度穿刺架穿刺效率更高,对甲状腺深部小结节穿刺更便捷可靠。     

Immunogenicity and safety of Fluzone intradermal and high-dose influenza vaccines in older adults ≥65 years of age: A randomized,controlled, phase II trial

We conducted a randomized, controlled, multicenter, phase II study to evaluate the immunogenicity and safety of an investigational intradermal (ID) trivalent influenza vaccine (TIV) and a high-dose (HD) intramuscular (IM) TIV in older adults (≥65 years of age). Older adult subjects were immunized with ID vaccine containing either 15 μg hemagglutinin (HA)/strain (n = 636) or 21 μg HA/strain (n = 634), with HD IM vaccine containing 60 μg HA/strain (n = 320), or with standard-dose (SD) IM vaccine (Fluzone^®; 15 μg HA/strain; n = 319). For comparison, younger adults (18–49 years of age) were immunized with SD IM vaccine. In older adults, post-vaccination geometric mean titers induced by the ID vaccines were superior to those induced by the SD IM vaccine for the A/H1N1 and A/H3N2 strains and non-inferior for the B strain. Seroconversion rates induced by the ID vaccines were superior to those induced by the SD IM vaccine in older adults for the A/H1N1 and B strains and non-inferior for the A/H3N2 strain. Results did not differ significantly for the two ID vaccine dosages. Post-vaccination geometric mean titers, seroconversion rates, and most seroprotection rates were significantly higher in HD vaccine recipients than in older adult recipients of the SD IM or ID vaccines and, for most measures, were comparable to those of younger adult SD IM vaccine recipients. Injection-site reactions, but not systemic reactions or unsolicited adverse events, were more common with the ID vaccines than with the IM vaccines. No treatment-related serious adverse events were reported. This study demonstrated that: (1) the ID and HD vaccines were well-tolerated and more immunogenic than the SD IM vaccine in older adults; (2) the HD vaccine was more immunogenic than the ID vaccines in older adults; and (3) the HD vaccine in older adults and the SD IM vaccine in younger adults elicited comparable antibody responses (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier no.: NCT00551031).     

Epidemiological Investigation of the Jaundice Outbreak in Lalkuan,Nainital District,Uttarakhand

Background:

In March 2013, cases of acute hepatitis were reported from Lalkuan, Nainital district. We investigated the outbreak to identify the source of infection and to facilitate control measures.

Objectives:

To study the distribution of hepatitis cases, to find the source of infection, and to initiate the control measures in the affected area.

Materials and Methods:

We defined a case of acute hepatitis as those cases that had jaundice with at least one of the following symptoms: Dark urine, fever, pain in abdomen, vomiting, and loss of appetite in the affected area between January and March 2013. Door-to-door survey was carried out. Thirteen blood samples were randomly collected from jaundice cases for immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibody for hepatitis A virus (HAV) and hepatitis E virus (HEV). Water samples were collected to test residual chlorine.

Results:

Total 2,785 individuals were surveyed; of which 240 were suffering from acute viral hepatitis (attack rate (AR) = 8.61%). Out of 13 serum samples, 10 were found positive for HEV IgM antibodies and three cases had IgM antibodies for both HAV and HEV, which confirmed a hepatitis E outbreak. The difference in attack rate of hepatitis of both the sexes was statistically significant (P < 0.001). The attack rate was significantly higher in age groups >12 years of age (P < 0.001). Environmental investigation also confirmed the sewage contamination of drinking water in the distribution system. The attack rate was much higher (29.4%) among those who were exposed to the leaking pipeline than the nonexposed (χ² = 574.26, P < 0.01).

Conclusion:

HEV was confirmed as the major etiological agent in this outbreak that was transmitted by contaminated drinking water. The recognition of early warning signals, timely investigation, and application of specific control measures can contain the outbreak.     

胸椎旁神经阻滞术穿刺深度的解剖学研究

目的　观察横突、肋横突外侧韧带与脊神经之间的毗邻关系,为提高超声引导下胸椎旁神经阻滞术的安全性及阻滞效能提供解剖学依据。 方法　选用18具标本胸椎节段,取椎板外侧缘和同名脊神经根的十字交点作为测量的起点,分别测量T1~12共12个节段脊神经与横突下后缘中点、肋横突外侧韧带下缘中点之间的距离。根据“3个一组”原则,12个节段共分为4组,记为T1~3组、T4~6组、T7~9组及T10~12组,对不同组别的脊神经-横突间距、脊神经-肋横突外侧韧带间距分别进行单因素方差分析。 结果　（1）脊神经-横突间距：平均为（16.13±5.59）mm,T1~12总体呈先递增后递减的趋势,T5节段最大,为（18.88±5.78）mm,T5向上或向下节段逐渐减小,T1节段为（16.62±3.67）mm,T12节段为（9.76±3.75）mm。自上而下4组的脊神经-横突间距分别为（17.50±4.67）、（18.19±5.62）、（16.92±5.28）及（12.00±4.42）mm,T10~12组相比T1~3组（P<0.01）、T4~6组（P<0.01）、T7~9组（P<0.01）有统计学差异。（2）脊神经-肋横突外侧韧带间距：平均为（17.67±3.76）mm,自上而下4组的间距分别为（16.95±3.82）、（17.55±3.89）、（17.81±3.83）及（18.30±3.43）mm,两两比较均无统计学差异（P>0.05）。 结论　了解脊神经-横突间距、脊神经-肋横突外侧韧带间距利于估算椎旁神经阻滞的安全穿刺深度,以提高阻滞效能,避免脊神经损伤及全脊髓麻醉的风险。     

静脉留置针在儿科应用中常见问题分析

静脉留置针在儿科应用283例,其中穿刺失败率达8%。在留置过程中易反折及堵塞;肿胀;静脉炎,易滑脱而引起输液不畅,针眼处渗药等,如果处理得当是可以延长留置时间,提高成功率。     

Influence of Strain Route Changes on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of CuZn36 Alloy during Cross Channel Extrusion CCE

This study evaluates the impact of changing the deformation routes of the extrusion process in a cross-shaped die (CCE) on the structure and properties of a CuZn36 alloy (% at.). Samples with dimensions of Ø8 × 36 mm were subjected to extrusion at room temperature according to two variants: straight extrusion in the A route (2-, 4-, 8- and 12-pass) and extrusion with interoperative rotation by 90° in the B_C route (2- and 4-pass). The improvement of strength properties was obtained as a result of grain fragmentation in the CCE process. Changes in the microstructure were observed using a light microscope, and mechanical properties were measured in the microhardness test and a static tensile test. The obtained results showed that the mechanical properties of the alloy depend on the number of passes and the material deformation route. This observation was related to the fragmentation of its structure and strengthening, which resulted in changes in its properties. The highest strength was characterized by the material pressed four times with the rotation of 90° (B_C route), whose properties were comparable and even slightly better than the material squeezed twelve times without rotation (A route).     

寄生虫DNA疫苗免疫途径和剂量的研究进展

DNA疫苗又称核酸疫苗或基因疫苗,能在体内引起特异性细胞免疫和体液免疫应答。免疫应答的水平受多种因素的影响。该文就影响寄生虫DNA疫苗免疫效果的途径和剂量等方面的研究进展作一综述。     

CT与DSA引导下行经皮穿刺三叉神经节射频热凝术临床应用对比

目的 分析CT与DSA引导下行经皮穿刺三叉神经节射频热凝术的临床价值.方法 选取2008-02-2013-01在我院进行治疗的三叉神经疼痛病人156例,按照随机数字法分为CT组（78例）和DSA组（78例）,观察2组患者的穿刺成功率.结果 CT组穿刺成功率98.7%,平均操作时间（55.4±1.2）min;DSA组的穿刺成功率89.7%,平均操作时间（24.6±13）min,2组平均操作时间和成功率比较差别有统计学意义（P〈0.05）.结论 在经皮穿刺三叉神经节射频热凝术中,采用DSA引导快速便捷,CT引导成功率更高,尤其对于卵圆孔及颅底解剖变异的病例具有明显优势.     

经动脉途径应用Onyx胶栓塞治疗硬脑膜动静脉瘘(附16例报告)

目的探讨经动脉途径应用Onyx胶栓塞治疗颅内硬脑膜动静脉瘘(DAVF)的可行性及疗效。方法回顾性分析2007年3月至2010年10月收治的16例DAVF患者的临床资料及随访结果。经动脉途径采用Onyx胶栓塞治疗15例,动静脉联合途径1例。结果 16例患者共栓塞17次,栓塞结束即时解剖治愈14例(87.5%),另2例栓塞不全者术后辅以手术治疗。栓塞后出现动眼神经麻痹3例,面部感觉麻木3例,随访1月后症状消失;口咽部疼痛2例,应用糖皮质激素治疗后症状消失。本组无死亡病例。10例患者术后2～24个月复查DSA,1例DAVF复发,9例完全闭塞;6例门诊随访2～24个月均未见复发。结论经动脉途径应用Onyx胶栓塞治疗颅内DAVF是可行、有效的方法,效果良好。