不同手术路径对脑室-腹腔分流术后分流管阻塞的影响

目的探讨脑室-腹腔分流术后分流管易堵,手术路径改变的影响。方法对28例脑积水患者行脑室-腹腔分流术。根据手术路径不同,分成两组。实验组16例;对照组12例。分析比较两组手术后分流管堵塞发生情况。结果随访期内发现,实验组导管阻塞1例(6.25%),对照组导管阻塞3例(25%),两组比较有显著性差异(P<0.05)。结论经侧脑室额角穿刺分流管堵塞机率明显低于经枕角穿刺,值得临床重视应用。     

Dual function of sialic acid in gastrointestinal SARS-CoV-2 infection

Recent analysis concerning the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)- angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) receptor interaction in enterocytes, the definition of gut-lung axis, as well as the molecular basis of sialic acid-related dual recognition concept in gastrointestinal SARS-CoV-2 infection, have brought a new perspective to potential therapeutic targets. In this review evolving research and clinical data on gastrointestinal SARS-CoV-2 infection are discussed in the context of viral fusion and entry mechanisms, focusing on the different triggers used by coronaviruses. Furthermore, it is emphasized that the viral spike protein is prevented from binding gangliosides, which are composed of a glycosphingolipid with one or more sialic acids, in the presence of chloroquine or hydroxychloroquine. In gastrointestinal SARS-CoV-2 infection the efficiency of these repositioned drugs is debated.     

鼠疫防治进程中的重大科学发现

鼠疫是在历史进程中对人类影响最大的一种“瘟疫”,它是由鼠疫耶尔森菌引起的一种自然疫源性传染病,啮齿类动物是病原菌的天然宿主,鼠蚤是传播媒介。本文从3次鼠疫大流行、鼠疫致病元凶的发现和进化、传播途径和致病机制、鼠疫的诊断和防治以及背后的科学发现进行概述,为我们应对新型传染病提供一些启发。     

2019年美国FDA批准上市的新药简介

2019年美国食品药品监督管理局(FDA)批准上市新药48个,其中化学小分子38个、生物制品10个。本文根据FDA批准的新药说明书以及相关文献和专利情况,简要介绍化学小分子药物的概况、适应证、作用机制、剂型规格、不良反应和合成路线等,以及生物制品的相关情况。     

Intranasal delivery of rapid-onset antidepressants: a new trend of treating major depressive disorder

Existing antidepressants seem to have an onset time of several weeks. However, newly found depression-related receptors and pathways may enlighten us to find more rapid-onset antidepressants, in which ketamine is one of the most potential antidepressants. By intranasal administration, drugs can be directly delivered to the brain via olfactory nerve route, which is proved to be suitable for some antidepressants. Well-designed rapid-onset antidepressants are the urgent requirements of the patients with depression. Intranasal administration, as a potential strategy to deliver antidepressants to brain, can improve drug efficacy and largely shorten the onset time. In this article, we sorted out some new formulation approaches in treating depression with different mechanisms and pathways compared with traditional treating strategies, along with new findings in clinical studies, proving that the combination of rapid-onset antidepressants with intranasal delivery will lead a new trend in treating depression.     

弓形虫Fukaya株在慢性感染小鼠体内分布的研究

目的观察弓形虫(Fukaya株)感染时的慢性期病变特点及虫体在主要脏器的动态分布,以期为弓形虫病的病理诊断提供依据,并对弓形虫的致病机理加深理解。方法弓形虫Fukaya株速殖子(5×104个)分别以腹腔、皮下和口服途径感染小鼠,给适量药物使之形成慢性感染,对照组不给药。于感染后第3、6、14、21、28、42和90 d,取肝、肺和脑进行间接免疫酶染色检查。结果经腹腔感染的实验组小鼠第21、28 d肺与脑内均可见虫体,脑内有包囊;皮下感染组第21 d肺和脑内也可见虫体,脑内有包囊;经口感染组第14、21 d肺和脑内均可见虫体,脑内偶见包囊,并检测到弓形虫抗原。感染后第21 d,3种方式感染的实验组小鼠肺内虫体数差异无显著性(P>0.05),而脑内虫体数差异有显著性(P<0.05),口服感染组>皮下感染组>腹腔感染组。结论间接免疫酶染色方法可清楚显示弓形虫感染慢性期的组织内弓形虫速殖子、抗原成分和包囊。弓形虫感染慢性期小鼠肺与脑多被累及。小鼠脑内较其他脏器易成囊。弓形虫体内成囊的影响因素很多,感染方式及感染阶段也是影响成囊的重要因素。     

全球及中国AIDS最新疫情概况

本文参考《2020全球艾滋病防治进展报告》以及近期国家CDC、卫生健康委员会发布的我国最新疫情通报,对全球及我国AIDS最新疫情进行概括介绍。     

免疫途径和佐剂对NTHiP6蛋白疫苗免疫效果的影响

目的观察不同免疫途径和佐剂对NTHiP6蛋白疫苗免疫效果的影响。方法将原核表达质粒PGEX-6P2/P6转入E.coli XL1-Blue,IPTG诱导P6蛋白的表达并进行纯化。以不同免疫途径(皮下,腹腔,滴鼻)用P6蛋白免疫小鼠,每组12只。然后另取小鼠分为PBS组和不同佐剂组(MDC、IL-2、弗氏佐剂),每组15只,采用皮下注射途径免疫。共免疫3次,间隔2周,用ELISA检测小鼠血清特异性IgG抗体,用CCK-8法检测脾淋巴细胞增殖活性,用ELISA检测IL-4和IFN-γ水平。结果在大肠埃希菌中成功表达P6蛋白。3种免疫途径相比,皮下途径免疫诱导的IgG抗体滴度为1 279.97±3.87,腹腔免疫组为427.16±3.08,滴鼻免疫组为253.98±3.30,差异有统计学意义(F=5.43,P<0.05)。采用皮下免疫途径时,MDC组诱导的IgG抗体滴度、IL-4水平分别为7 421.02±3.30和79.64±2.75,与其他组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。IFN-γ水平和脾淋巴细胞增殖指数与IL-2组相比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论使用MDC佐剂并采用皮下途径注射可使NTHiP6蛋白疫苗获得较好的免疫效果。     

经睫状体平坦部行颞上或鼻下Baerveldt青光眼植入术的短期临床疗效比较

目的:研究并探讨Baerveldt青光眼植入术(BGI)的不同植入部位对眼压(IOP)的影响。方法:对日本Toho大学Sakura医疗中心接受BGI治疗的新生血管性青光眼的病例进行回顾性分析。所有患者分为两组:颞上植入组(16例患者18眼,其中男性13例,女性3例;平均年龄62.9±14.4岁)和鼻下植入组(15例患者17眼,其中男性11例,女性4例;平均年龄56.9±10.7岁)。术后12mo随访复查。比较两组术后12mo与术前相比的眼压降低率。结果:颞上植入组:术前平均IOP为31.1±10.0 mmHg,术后平均IOP为14.4±4.5 mmHg;鼻下植入组:术前平均IOP为34.9±9.7 mmHg,术后平均IOP为15.9±3.7 mmHg。颞上植入组IOP降低率为(50.0±19.0)%,鼻下植入组降低率为(51.2±16.3)%。两组间无显著统计学差异(t-test,P=0.590)。结论:经睫状体平坦部行颞上或鼻下BGI的短期临床疗效无差异。     

Assessment of the differences in the short-term clinical outcomes of superotemporal and inferonasal Baerveldt glaucoma implantation surgeries performed via the pars plana route

AIM: To investigate and discover whether different insertion areas for Baerveldt glaucoma implant (BGI) surgery produce different outcomes in terms of the reduction of intraocular pressure (IOP). METHODS: This retrospective study involved the review of cases of patients admitted at Toho University Sakura Medical Center, who underwent BGI surgery via the pars plana route for the treatment of neovascular glaucoma. The patients were divided into two groups: the superotemporal insertion group [18 eyes in 16 subjects (13 males, 3 females; mean age 62.9±14.4y)] and the inferonasal insertion group [17 eyes in 15 subjects (11 males, 4 females; mean age 56.9±10.7y)]. The patients were followed up and re-evaluated at 12mo. The IOP reduction rate 12mo after surgery relative to preoperative IOP was compared between the two groups. RESULTS: The mean preoperative IOP was 31.1±10.0 mm Hg and postoperative IOP was 14.4±4.5 mm Hg in the superotemporal group, whereas for the inferonasal group, the mean preoperative IOP was 34.9±9.7 mm Hg and postoperative IOP was 15.9±3.7 mm Hg. The IOP reduction rate of the superotemporal group was 50.0%±19.0% and that of the inferonasal group was 51.2%±16.3%. There was no significant correlation between the two groups (Student’s t-test, P=0.590). CONCLUSION: There was no difference in the short-term clinical outcomes between superotemporal and inferonasal BGI performed via the pars plana route.