南水北调东线一期工程血吸虫病监测预警研究Ⅱ钉螺和血吸虫病监测

目的了解南水北调东线一期工程区螺情和血吸虫病病情现状,为建立该工程血吸虫病监测预警体系提供依据。方法选择南水北调东线水源区、宝应及金宝航道以南的输水河道及影响区为监测范围,采用常规法进行钉螺监测和人畜血吸虫病监测调查,同时选择里运河高邮界首渡口、金宝航道和宜陵河口为监测点,采用"网捞法"和"稻草帘诱螺法"进行水体钉螺监测。结果 2006-2009年南水北调东线钉螺面积70%以上分布在水源区,并呈下降趋势;17%～28%分布在相邻的湖区;输水河道钉螺面积占0.36%以下,分布于原历史有螺区域。3个监测点网捞法打捞漂浮物2 824kg,未发现钉螺;投放稻草帘880块,在宜陵河口诱获钉螺456只;居民查病血吸虫阳性率由0.19%下降至0,未发现病畜。结论南水北调东线一期工程区的血吸虫病疫情已得到有效控制,输水河道钉螺未发生北移扩散,主要风险是水源区及相邻的湖区尚有较多钉螺孳生,仍需对工程区加强监测和控制。     

腰椎穿刺方向对穿刺成功率及术后并发症的影响

目的 观察腰椎穿刺方向对穿刺成功率及术后并发症的影响.方法 采用最常用的侧卧位,将符合条件需要腰椎穿刺的104例患者,按不同腰椎穿刺方法分成A组和B组,各52例.测定腰椎穿刺术后脑脊液压力,观察腰椎穿刺成功率及术后并发症发生情况.结果 A组穿刺成功率为78.8％ (41/52),B组成功率为92.3％(48/52),组间腰椎穿刺成功率比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).2组穿刺成功者术后头痛、腰痛并发症发生率比较差异无统计学意义[A组分别为7.3％ (3/41)、9.8％ (4/41):B组分别为8.3％ (4/48)、12.5％ (6/48),P＞0.05].A组和B组穿刺成功者术后血压升高发生率比较差异无统计学意义[52.4％ (22/41)比52.1％(25/48),P＞0.05].结论 正确的穿刺方法及穿刺方向可以提高穿刺成功率,不增加术后并发症.     

股动脉穿刺术临床应用与效果评价

目的评价经皮股动脉穿刺技术的效果,以利于进一步提高股动脉前壁穿刺成功率,减少并发症的发生,提高股动脉穿刺的安全性。方法应用回顾性分析总结股动脉穿刺介入治疗患者1 325例的穿刺效果。所有患者均采用改良的Seldinger式穿刺介入手术方案（直接用穿刺针行股动脉前壁穿刺）。结果 Seldinger式经股动脉穿刺介入手术一次穿刺成功率为96.3%,其中,穿刺处局部出血或血肿18例,患者均未发生假性动脉瘤、动脉夹层及盆腔血肿等严重并发症。结论经股动脉前壁穿刺插管是安全、便捷的有效途径,熟练掌握穿刺技术是提高手术成功率、减少各项并发症的关键因素。     

巨细胞病毒感染婴儿母亲携带病毒检测的意义

目的探讨巨细胞病毒感染婴儿中人巨细胞病毒母乳感染率及意义。方法应用荧光定量PCR法检测124例确诊巨细胞病毒感染患儿母亲的母乳和全血中HCMV-DNA含量,并同时测定母亲血浆中HCMV-IgM。结果 FQ-PCR检测HCMVDNA乳汁的阳性率为69.4%,全血的阳性率为23.4%;HCMV-IgM阳性率27.4%。母乳HCMV-DNA的阳性率明显高于全血HCMV-DNA及特异性抗体IgM的阳性率(P<0.05)。结论感染巨细胞病毒患儿的母乳中带毒率高,母乳感染HCMV可能是婴儿获得性巨细胞感染的主要途径。     

The different time courses of reading different levels of Chinese characters: An ERP study

The dual route processing was generally accepted in the reading of alphabetic languages, which suggests alphabetic words can be read by either addressed pathway or assembled pathway. However, it was still unclear whether there was a particular ‘dual route mechanism’ during reading Chinese characters. In our previous fMRI study, the result showed that there might be a particular ‘dual route mechanism’, and its addressed pathway was similar between Chinese and English, whereas for the need of spatial analysis, the assembled pathway of Chinese was different from that of English which involved grapheme-to-phoneme correspondences. The present study, using event-related potential, which provide more temporal information, aimed to further support our previous view, and peered inside the different time courses of reading different types of Chinese characters. It was found that reading high frequency Chinese characters increased the N170 component which was believed to enhance attention to the addressed pathway in the left occipital–temporal area. Pseudo Chinese characters could be read by a particular assembled pathway, which caused the largest amplitude of P320 component in the right occipital–temporal area, which considered as a key brain area for radical analysis.     

Novel administration routes for allergen-specific immunotherapy: a review of intralymphatic and epicutaneous allergen-specific immunotherapy

For the past century, subcutaneous allergen-specific immunotherapy has been the state-of-the-art treatment for IgE-mediated allergic disease. Current research on allergen-specific immunotherapy is focused on enhancing its efficacy, safety, and patient convenience with the goal of offering a broadly accepted treatment option. There is a growing interest in intralymphatic allergen-specific immunotherapy because it is a highly efficacious and safe treatment route that requires only 3 injections. Concurrently, epicutaneous allergen-specific immunotherapy is attracting increasing attention because of its capacity to offer a safe, needle-free, and potentially self-administrable treatment option for IgE-mediated allergic diseases. In this article, we discuss the principles and immunologic rationale of these unconventional routes of allergen-specific immunotherapy while highlighting their developmental process and clinical relevance.     

60例前列腺癌经直肠超声引导下穿刺的病理分析

目的总结前列腺癌(Prostate cancer,PC)穿刺活组织检查及病理诊断的经验,减少误诊和漏诊,以利于临床诊断与治疗前列腺癌。方法回顾性分析60例前列腺癌患者的临床资料,并对穿刺活检标本作HE切片观察和部分免疫组化分析。结果60例标本中可见腺体结构紊乱、细胞学异常、癌细胞浸润等病理形态改变,免疫组化(Immunohistochemistry)中P504S表达阳性,CK14、P63、34βE12表达阴性。结论前列腺穿刺活检,是诊断前列腺癌的有效方法。应根据临床特征、病理形态学特征等进行综合判断,结合免疫组化检查作出诊断。     

慢性硬膜下血肿的穿刺持续等压冲洗治疗观察

目的：探讨慢性硬膜下血肿的穿刺持续等压冲洗的临床疗效。方法：术前CT确定穿刺点,消毒后穿刺,使用生理盐水持续性等量等压冲洗,待流出的冲洗液澄清时,外接无菌真空引流袋。结果：总有效率达100%;术后一周治愈率77.78%,有效者8例,CT查硬膜下均有少量积气;术后4周查原硬膜下有积气患者积气均已消失;治愈率94.44%;本组患者中无死亡,无复发,仅1例于引流时出现恶心症状,未经处理于30min后症状消失。结论：采用穿刺持续等压冲洗治疗慢性硬膜下血肿具有较好疗效,该术式创伤小、不易复发、并发症少,术后虽易产生颅内积气,但能够较短时间内被吸收,不影响康复,适合临床广泛应用。     

经颞部小切口行老年患者颧弓骨折复位的临床体会（附50例临床分析）

目的：探讨颧弓骨折复位的最佳入路。方法：50例老年患者均采用经颞部小切口入路行颧弓骨折复位,并对50例患者的临床资料进行总结分析。结果：达解剖复位者48例,占96％;达功能复位者2例,占4％。结论：经颞部小切口入路创伤小,术后恢复快,面部不留瘢痕,是老年患者颧弓骨折理想的手术入路。     

GnRHa经阴道超声引导穿刺后治疗卵巢巧克力囊肿疗效观察

目的观察经阴道超声引导下穿刺联合促性腺激素释放激素激动剂（GnRHa）治疗卵巢巧克力囊肿的疗效。方法100例卵巢巧克力囊肿患者随机分为治疗组和对照组各50例,2组均在超声引导下经阴道穿刺抽吸囊液后注入结合碘液。术后治疗组加用GnRHa制剂曲普瑞林,对照组不予药物治疗,观察2组术后超声显像情况及治愈率。结果治疗组治愈率为94.0%明显高于对照组的64.0%,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论经阴道超声穿刺配合GnRHa药物治疗卵巢巧克力囊肿安全、有效、经济、简便,对卵巢功能无影响,值得临床推广使用。