我国中草药中农药残留的特点

中药及其制剂的农残超标问题已成为制约我国中药出口的重要因素之一。中药的种植、运输和生产过程都会造成中药材的农药污染。中药的农药污染随产地、药用部位、生长期、炮制方式的不同而有所不同。目前中药的农药污染已经降到一个相对比较低的水平,但有机氯类农药的检出率接近100%,部分中药超标。     

发达地区新型农村合作医疗可持续筹资的路径选择

随着发达地区新型农村合作医疗进入全面推进和巩固提高的新阶段，筹资已成为困扰新型农村合作医疗可持续发展的难点问题。通过对浙江省新型农村合作医疗筹资调研资料及存在问题的原因分析，从拓宽筹资渠道、提高筹资标准、调整筹资程序、创新征缴形式以及立法规制等方面提出了新型农村合作医疗筹资的路径选择建议．为发达地区政府决策及完善新型农村合作医疗筹资制度提供依据。     

手背静脉穿刺两种不同方法的临床比较

目的：通过观察手背静脉穿刺两种不同方法,研究穿刺成功率和对患者疼痛的影响。方法：将200例输液患者随机分为常规法组和改进法组,各100例。常规法组用常规方法穿刺,改进法组用改进法穿刺。结果：改进法一次穿刺成功率明显高于常规法,疼痛发生率明显低于常规法,两组对照比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论：用手背静脉穿刺改进法提高了穿刺成功率,达到了无痛或减轻疼痛的效果。     

动脉触摸法在锁骨下静脉置管术中的改良定位价值

目的探讨动脉触摸法在锁骨下静脉置管术中的定位应用价值。方法共124例研究对象,并随机分为传统定位法和动脉触摸定位法组（改良组）。动脉触摸定位法组通过参照触摸锁骨下动脉进行穿刺点定位。结果传统定位法组发生误穿动脉5例,动脉触摸定位法组未发生误穿动脉。两组误穿动脉发生率比较差异有统计学意义（χ^2=5.210,ν=1,P=0.022）。传统定位法组的穿刺失败率高于动脉触摸定位法组（χ^2=3.916,ν=1,P=0.048）。结论动脉触摸定位法可有效降低锁骨下静脉穿刺失败率及避免误穿动脉的发生,在将来临床工作中应予以推荐。     

会阴部手术应用骶管神经阻滞麻醉的临床观察

2004年以来。我科选择会阴部手术100例应用骶管神经阻滞技术。效果较好，总结如下。 1对象和方法 1．1对象选择ASAⅠ级-Ⅱ级手术100例。男67例。女33例。年龄18岁-71岁。手术时间1h-2h。     

B超引导下经皮穿刺肝肾卵巢囊肿的硬化治疗

目的观察超声导向下无水酒精的不同注射方法治疗肝肾卵巢囊肿的疗效和并发症。方法108例囊肿患者,被随机分成两组,常规组46例,在超声引导下经皮穿刺肝肾卵巢囊肿抽液后向肝肾卵巢囊肿内注射无水酒精,灌洗组62例,在超声引导下经皮穿刺肝肾卵巢囊肿抽液加无水酒精灌洗。术后3个月、6个月、12个月随访,观察并发症及疗效、疗程。结果108例肝肾卵巢囊肿经无水酒精治疗后3个月、6个月、1a复查常规组治愈率分别为56.5%、78.3%、80.4%;灌注组治愈率为79.0%、82.3%、83.8%。术后3个月的治愈率,两组差异有显著性(χ2=6.306,P=0.012<0.05)。并发症常规组发生14例,其中8例患者腹痛,6例头晕;灌洗组发生13例,其中疼痛9例,头晕6例。无出血、感染、剧痛等严重并发症。两组发生率P>0.05,差异无显著性。结论超声导向下经皮穿刺肝肾卵巢囊肿抽液加无水酒精灌洗法是一种高疗效、短疗程、并发症少的方法。     

Respiratory hypersensitivity to trimellitic anhydride in Brown Norway rats: a comparison of endpoints

A rat bioassay has been developed to provide an objective approach for the identification and classification of respiratory allergy using trimellitic anhydride (TMA), which is a known respiratory tract irritant and asthmagen. Particular emphasis was placed on the study of route-of-induction-dependent effects and their progression upon inhalation challenge with TMA (approximately 23 mg m(-3) for a duration of 30 min), which included analysis of specific and non-specific airway hyperreactivity and pulmonary inflammation initiated and sustained by immunological processes. Refinement of the bioassay focused on procedures to probe changes occurring upon challenge with TMA or methacholine aerosols using physiological, biochemical and immunological procedures. Following challenge with TMA, the rats sensitized to TMA showed marked changes in peak inspiratory and expiratory air flows and respiratory minute volume. In these animals, a sustained pulmonary inflammation occurred, characterized by specific endpoints determined in bronchoalveolar lavage (lactate dehydrogenase, protein, nitrite, eosinophil peroxidase, myeloperoxidase). When compared with the naive controls, lung weights were increased significantly, as were the weights of lung-associated lymph nodes following inhalation induction and auricular lymph nodes following topical induction. The extent of changes observed was equal or more pronounced in animals sensitized epicutaneously (day 0:150 microl vehicle/50% TMA on each flank, day 7; booster administration to the skin of the dorsum of both ears using half the concentration and volume used on day 0) when compared with rats sensitized by 5 x 3 h day(-1) inhalation exposures (low dose: 25 mg TMA m(-3), high dose: 120 mg TMA m(-3)). In summary, the findings support the conclusion that the Brown Norway rat model is suitable for identifying TMA as an agent that causes both an immediate-type change of breathing patterns and a delayed-type sustained pulmonary inflammatory response. However, it remains unresolved whether the marked effects observed in the topically sensitized rats are more related to a route-of-induction or dose-dependent phenomenon.     

医院档案现代化管理的基本途径

从医院档案现代化管理的必要性、基本途径与步骤、保障措施等三方面。论述了医院档案管理如何适应信息时代发展及传统的档案管理模式的改革。     

六安市1997～2003年流行性出血热病例分析

目的研究1997年8月~2003年5月六安市21例流行性出血热病例,探讨流行性出血热的流行规律,为流行性出血热防治提供依据。方法对流行性出血热病人个案调查表中的发病季节、年龄、性别、传播途径和职业特点等进行分析。结果本地区流行性出血热在春夏间和秋冬间均有发病,分别占发病人数的61.9%和38.1%。年龄以30~49岁所占比例最大,为85.7%。涉及的人群主要是男性青壮年农民,也有极少数为经商和机关工作人员。结论家鼠型和野鼠型出血热在本地区均有病例发生,病例以青壮年男性为主,接触传播为流行性出血热的主要传播途径。