老年肺心病并发多器官功能不全综合征71例临床分析

目的探讨老年多器官功能不全综合征(MODSE)与电解质、血气分析及病死率的关系。方法分析71例老年肺心病合并MODSE的临床资料,将其分成衰竭前期组与衰竭期组,对其肺、心、肾、脑、肝等多器官功能进行评价,对其电解质、血气分析进行统计,并分析诱因构成。结果感染是MODSE的主要诱因,衰竭期组低钠血症、呼吸性酸中毒合并代谢性酸中毒、呼吸性酸中毒合并代谢性碱中毒的发生率以及2个器官功能不全病死率显著高于衰竭前期组;MODSE病死率随器官功能不全数目增多而增加。结论重视MODSE的早期预警和干预,重视MODSE的肺启动作用,可防止MODSE的发生;重视MODSE衰竭前期救治,减少功能不全器官数,才能降低病死率、改善预后。     

慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期患者规范化痰诱导安全性的初步研究

目的探讨慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期(AECOPD)患者进行高渗盐水痰诱导的安全性。方法制定规范化操作流程,对22例重度、极重度AECOPD患者进行痰诱导,在诱导过程中严密监测患者第一秒用力呼气容积(FEV1)和脉搏容积血氧饱和度(SpO2)的变化。结果22例AECOPD患者在诱导前SpO2为(93.8±0.9)%,结束时SpO2为(91.7±0.8)%,较基础值下降了(2.1±0.4)%(P<0.01),结束后10min,SpO2恢复至基础值水平;诱导前FEV1为(0.70±0.19)L,结束时为(0.62±0.17)L,FEV1较基础值下降了(12.3±3.1)%(P=0.027),结束后10min,FEV1恢复至基础值水平。共有19例患者渡过了整个痰诱导过程,成功率为86%。结论在严密监控下,使用规范化的痰诱导流程,痰诱导法对AECOPD患者是一种比较安全的方法。     

肺静脉隔离术后心房颤动早期复发和延迟愈合的相关因素分析

目的探讨Lasso标测导管指导下行节段性肺静脉电隔离术后心房颤动(房颤)早期复发和延迟愈合的相关因素。方法120例[男性104例,女性16例;平均年龄(50．4±8．9)岁]行节段性肺静脉电隔离术的房颤患者,单因素和多因素分析老龄(≥60岁)、性别、房颤类型、病史、合并高血压、左心房直径、射血分数、P波离散度、被隔离肺静脉数及手术时间与早期复发和延迟愈合的相关性。结果早期复发率为48．3％(58／120),左心房扩大(P=0．004)和老龄(P=0．033)与早期复发显著相关,左心房直径是早期复发的独立预测因素(OR=1．16,95％CI为1．04～1．28,P=0．005);延迟愈合率为29．3％(17／58),与延迟愈合显著相关的变量为:P波离散度(P<0.001)、左心房直径(P=0．016)、老龄(P=0．001)。P波离散度是延迟愈合的独立预测因素(OR=0．92,95％CI为0．87-0．97,P=0．005)。结论左心房扩大、老龄与肺静脉隔离术后房颤早期复发有关,左心房直径是早期复发的独立预测因素;P波离散度较小、左心房无扩大的低龄患者延迟愈合的可能性较大,P波离散度是延迟愈合的独立预测因素。     

阵发性心房颤动患者心脏大静脉肌袖电活动特征的临床研究

总结和探讨阵发性心房颤动(简称房颤)患者心内电生理标测中肺静脉和上腔静脉内肌袖电活动的特征,及其与房颤的关系。选择无器质性心脏病的顽固性阵发性房颤患者 126例,用环状标测电极行肺静脉和 /或上腔静脉电生理标测,分析引起房性心律失常时肌袖内的电活动类型、频率、发作方式及其与房颤之间的联系。结果:有50例(39. 7% )经心电生理标测证实其房性心律失常与大静脉肌袖的自发电活动相关。共标测心脏大静脉 354根,心律失常相关大静脉 59根,包括肺静脉 49根、上腔静脉 10根。电活动类型呈现单一或连发电活动 38根,呈短阵性快速电活动 8根,呈连续快速( >300次 /分)电活动 27根,呈连续较慢电活动 ( <100次 /分 ) 2根。房颤的发生均与静脉肌袖内连续快速的、规律或紊乱的电活动对心房的引发有关。结论:根据房性心律失常发作时的大静脉肌袖内电位的特征以及与心房电位的关系,可以明确判定房颤的相关肌袖。同一根大静脉肌袖可表现为 2种或 2种以上的电活动类型,其中以单一和连续快速电活动多见,房颤均为静脉肌袖内的连续快速电活动所引发,而非单一房性早搏诱发。     

Clinical efficacy and survival with first-line inhaled iloprost therapy in patients with idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension.

AIMS: To describe the long-term clinical efficacy of inhaled iloprost as first-line vasodilator mono-therapy in patients with idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (IPAH). METHODS AND RESULTS: Seventy-six IPAH patients were prospectively identified and treated with inhaled iloprost. Clinical, haemodynamic, and exercise parameters were obtained at baseline, after 3 and 12 months of therapy and yearly thereafter. Four endpoints were prospectively defined as follows: (i) death, (ii) transplantation, (iii) switch to intravenous (i.v.) therapy, or (iv) addition of or switch to other active oral therapy. During follow-up (535+/-61 days), 11 patients died, six were transplanted, 25 were switched to i.v. prostanoids, 16 received additional or other oral therapy, and 12 patients discontinued iloprost inhalation for other reasons. Event-free survival at 3, 12, 24, 36, 48, and 60 months was 81, 53, 29, 20, 17 and 13%, respectively. Among haemodynamic and exercise parameters, mixed venous oxygen saturation (P<0.001), right atrial pressure (P<0.001), and peak oxygen uptake (P=0.002) were associated with event-free survival. CONCLUSION: In this study, only a minority of patients could be stabilized with inhaled iloprost mono-therapy during a follow-up period of up to 5 years. In the presence of multiple treatment options, chronic iloprost inhalation as mono-therapy appears to have a limited role.     

CA724 is a novel factor for predicting the unresectability in pancreatic adenocarcinoma

This study aimed to assess the relationship between serum CA724 levels and the unresectability of pancreatic adenocarcinoma. A total of 302 patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma were analyzed for the potential association between serum CA724 levels and the unresectability of pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Serum CA724 levels in patients with unresectable pancreatic adenocarcinoma were remarkably higher than those with resectable pancreatic adenocarcinoma (P < 0.001). Patients with elevated serum CA724 levels exhibited a 12.27-fold higher risk of unresectability than those with normal serum CA724 levels after adjusting for age, sex, and tumor location (95% CI = 5.28-28.51, P < 0.001). The analysis of receiver operating characteristics demonstrated that CA724 had superior predictive value to other tumor markers (AUC was 0.77 ± 0.03, 0.65 ± 0.04, and 0.62 ± 0.04 for CA724, CA125, and CA199, respectively). CA724 appeared to be a better predictor of unresectability than CA199 and CA125.     

Gastric-type mucinous adenocarcinoma of the uterine cervix with neoadjuvant therapy mimicking clear cell carcinoma

Gastric-type mucinous adenocarcinoma, an uncommon subtype of cervical carcinoma, is characterized by a distinct morphology and immunophenotype. Herein, we report a case of a 71-year-old woman who received neoadjuvant radiotherapy and chemotherapy after cervical biopsy revealed moderately differentiated invasive endocervical adenocarcinoma. Subsequently, the outside patient underwent radical hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy. The post-neoadjuvant therapy hysterectomy specimen showed tumor cells with clear cytoplasm, hyperchromatic nuclei with irregular contours, which mimicked clear cell carcinoma. However, immunohistochemical staining showed that these tumor cells were positive for carcinoembryonic antigen, cytokeratin 7 (diffuse), and cytokeratin 20 (patchy), After review of the pretreatment cervical biopsy specimen, the tumor was favored to represent a gastric-type mucinous adenocarcinoma of the cervix. Pathologists should be aware of this rare tumor and its post-neoadjuvant therapy morphologic changes, which can make diagnosis more challenging.     

Assessments of the associations of thrombus localization with accompanying disorders,risk factors,D-dimer levels,and the red cell distribution width in pulmonary embolism

OBJECTIVE:

Pulmonary embolisms occur as a wide spectrum ranging from clinically asymptomatic thrombi to massive thrombi that lead to cardiogenic shock. The purpose of this study was to determine the associations of thrombus localization with risk factors, accompanying disorders, D-dimer levels and the red blood cell distribution width in patients with pulmonary embolism.

MATERIAL AND METHODS:

In 148 patients diagnosed with pulmonary embolism, the presence and anatomical localization of the thrombus were assessed via computed tomographic pulmonary angiography. The accompanying disorders, risk factors, serum D-dimer levels, and red blood cell distribution width of the patients were retrospectively evaluated. ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02388841.

RESULTS:

The mean age of the patients was 54±16.0 years, and 48 patients were ≥65 years of age. The most frequent accompanying disorders were chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (22%) and malignancy (10.1%), and the most frequent risk factors were recent operation (14.1%) and immobilization (18.2%). Thrombi were most frequently observed in the right pulmonary artery (37.8%). In 31% of the patients, the thrombus was localized to the main pulmonary arteries. Immobile patients exhibited a higher proportion of thrombi in the main pulmonary arteries than mobile patients. The mean D-dimer level and the mean red blood cell distribution width in the patients with thrombi in the main pulmonary arteries were higher than those in the patients with thrombi in more distal pulmonary arterial branches.

CONCLUSION:

Significant associations of proximally localized thrombi with immobilization, the D-dimer levels, and the red blood cell distribution width were observed.     

彩色多普勒超声检测妊娠期糖尿病孕妇胎儿肺静脉的研究

目的探讨彩色多普勒超声检测妊娠期糖尿病(GDM)孕妇胎儿肺静脉的应用价值。方法随机抽选45例经临床确诊的GDM孕妇(观察组),使用彩色多普勒超声检查胎儿心功能及肺静脉血流情况;随机选择同期正常孕妇45例(对照组)。比较两组胎儿肺静脉检测情况。结果观察组胎儿肺静脉参数异常,可表现为A波反转25例,降低20例,而对照组表现正常;观察组胎儿心室收缩期峰值速度为(0.28±0.04)m/s,舒张期峰值速度为(0.27±0.05)m/s,与对照组比较差异无统计学意义。观察组胎儿搏动指数和Tei指数分别为1.82±0.02和0.56±0.05,均高于对照组(P﹤0.05)。出生后对观察组胎儿进行随访,仅1例死亡,其余胎儿出生后生长状况良好(Apgar评分均在8.5分以上),超声心动图复查未见异常。结论彩色多普勒超声可清晰显示GDM孕妇胎儿肺静脉的血流频谱,操作简便,对孕妇和胎儿无不良影响,能更敏感地了解GDM孕妇胎儿心功能的变化,对临床及时发现病例、指导治疗有重要价值。