Aspiration cytology of clear-cell lesions of the parotid gland: Morphologic features and differential diagnosis

Clear-cell lesions of the parotid gland are uncommon but when studied by fine-needle aspiration may result in a clinically important but cytologically difficult differential diagnosis. Clear-cell lesions involving the parotid include acinic cell neoplasm, clear cell oncocytoma, mucoepidermoid carcinoma, primary clear-cell carcinoma, epithelial-myoepithelial carcinoma, and metastatic renal cell carcinoma. Accurate diagnosis is achieved by assessment of nuclear features, other cell populations present, and clinical data including radiographic studies.     

反复自然流产患者血清中封闭抗体的检测

本文根据病史将反复自然流产(RSA)分类为原发性RSA 及继发性RSA,分别以单向混合淋巴细胞反应封闭试验及补体依赖微量细胞毒试验评价封闭抗体与两类流产的关系。结果发现,原发性RSA主要因封闭抗体缺乏所致;而继发性RSA 无封闭抗体缺乏迹象。因此,尽管原发性RSA 与继发性RSA 临床表现类似,但其免疫学病因及发病机理可能不同。     

幼儿园儿童乳牙龋病综合防治项目的效果评价

目的为提高幼儿园儿童的口腔健康状况,在幼儿园开展龋病综合防治项目,对比龋病综合防治7年的效果。方法1997～2004年,采用世界卫生组织（WHO）推荐的方法,每年对密云区在园儿童进行口腔健康状况检查及实施综合预防措施,包括口腔健康教育和口腔卫生指导、用含氟牙膏刷牙及0．6％氟化泡沫的使用;并对部分患儿进行龋洞充填等;每年还对儿童家长进行1次口腔健康问卷调查。结果县城在园5岁儿童的龋病患病率从1997年的70．8％下降到2004年的43．6％（P〈0．001）。龋均从1997年的3．06下降到2004年1．64（P〈0．001）。龋齿充填率从1997年的12．9％提高到2004年18．9％（P〈0．001）。结论采取龋病综合防治措施能够有效地预防和控制儿童乳牙龋病的发生,改善儿童的口腔健康状况。。     

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目的 探讨夏枯草对二甲基苯并蒽（DMBA）诱发的金黄地鼠口腔癌的化学预防作用。方法 2006年3月在首都医科大学口腔医学院研究所将30只金黄地鼠分3组：阴性对照组（6只）不涂药;阳性对照组（12只）涂0.5%DMBA于左侧颊囊,每周3次,共涂3周;夏枯草组（12只）前3周处理同阳性对照组,3周后换涂1%夏枯草,每周3次,涂1周。第4周末实验结束处死所有地鼠,处死前2 h腹腔注射50 mg／kg的5-溴脱氧尿嘧啶（5-bromo-2’-deoxyuridine,BrdU）。取左侧颊囊行组织病理学观察和BrdU免疫组化染色。结果 与阳性对照组相比,夏枯草组颊囊单纯增生和异常增生的病灶数目均有所降低,其单纯增生病灶数目与阳性对照组比较差异有统计学意义（P < 0.05）。夏枯草组炎症细胞数（52.25 ± 18.53）个／mm2与阳性对照组（158.65 ± 26. 51）个／mm2相比,差异有统计学意义（P < 0.01）。夏枯草组 BrdU阳性率与阳性对照组相比有所降低,但二者差异无统计学意义。结论 夏枯草对DMBA诱发的金黄地鼠的炎症和口腔癌前病变的单纯增生有一定的抑制作用,但对于异常增生和细胞增殖抑制作用不明显。     

绝经后子宫内膜出血的临床病理分析

目的：研究绝经后子宫出血的病因,诊刮子宫内膜的病检及意义。方法：我院85例绝经后子宫出血的患者行诊刮术后子宫内膜组织送病检,标本以中性甲醛液固定,常规行石蜡包埋,HE染色后光镜下划分病理类型,作出结果统计。结采恶性肿瘤8例,腺癌为主;良性病变42例,单纯性增生及子宫内膜炎为主;非器质性病变35例,萎缩性子宫内膜占多数。结论：患者一旦出现绝经后子宫出血,需及时诊刮作病理检查,特别是老年妇女并绝经时间长者,在常规妇检后,须对可疑者行分段刮宫取子宫内膜作病理诊断。     

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug modulates oxidative stress and calcium ion levels in the neutrophils of patients with primary dysmenorrhea

Primary dysmenorrhea is a common inflammatory disease with an uncertain pathogenesis, although one consistent finding is increased neutrophil activity. We aimed to investigate the effects of a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) on oxidative stress and Ca²⁺ levels in neutrophils from patients with primary dysmenorrhea. Blood samples were obtained for neutrophil isolation from six female patients with primary dysmenorrhea (patients) and six healthy female subjects. The NSAID (diclofenac) was taken daily by the patient group for 6 weeks before a second blood sample was taken. Neutrophils isolated after diclofenac treatment were investigated in three settings: (1) after incubation with verapamil and diltiazem (V + D), (2) after incubation with 2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate (2-APB), and (3) with neither exposure. Neutrophil lipid peroxidation and stimulated intracellular Ca²⁺ levels were higher in the patients than in the controls, although their levels were reduced after six weeks of treatment with diclofenac. Ca²⁺ levels from neutrophils obtained after diclofenac treatment were further decreased after incubation with V + D or 2-APB, compared with those exposed to neither agent. Neutrophil glutathione peroxidase and total antioxidant status were lower in the patients than in the controls and higher post-treatment with diclofenac. Reduced glutathione levels were similar in the control, patient, and treatment groups. In conclusion, we observed the importance of Ca²⁺ influx into the neutrophils and oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of the patients with primary dysmenorrhea. The NSAID diclofenac appeared to provide a protective effect against oxidative stress and Ca²⁺ entry through modulation of neutrophil VGCC and TRP calcium channels.     

Primary hyperparathyroidism and acute pancreatitis during the third trimester of pregnancy

The simultaneous occurrence of maternal primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) and acute pancreatitis during pregnancy is very rare. We report a case of concurrent PHPT and pancreatitis during the third trimester of pregnancy. A summary of the relevant literature regarding the clinical course and recommended management in relation to this case is also presented.     

Transcatheter arterial chemoembolization with anticancer drug in iodized oil for primary hepatic carcinoma

Transcatheter arterial chemoembolization using a suspension of anticancer drug in iodized oil combined with Gelfoam embolization was performed in 85 patients with advanced primary hepatic carcinoma. Long-term retention of iodized oil in the tumor was observed in 90% of the cases, and changes in tumor size were observable by abdominal X-ray film on follow-up studies. There was a decrease of tumor size in all cases and the overall 1-year survival rate was 43%. In tumors whose diameter was less than 20 cm and in patients without portal vein thrombosis the survival rate was nearly 60%. Combined treatment with anticancer drug in iodized oil and Gelfoam embolization of the proper hepatic artery was superior to use of the suspension alone. There was also better detection of small cancer nodules by the suspension as compared to conventional angiography.     

Clinical and radiologic analysis of 13 cases of primary neuroectodermal tumors of bone

Radiographs and clinical charts were reviewed in a series of 13 cases of primary neuroectodermal bone tumors, involving 9 males and 4 females, aged from 3 to 32 years (average: 15 years). The average delay between the onset and diagnosis was 5 months. Fever and other systemic symptoms were present in 6 cases; in 4 cases a fracture was the mode of presentation. Seven patients had metastases (4 involving bone) at the time of presentation. Only one patient is still alive after 5 years. In the 10 patients who died as a direct result of the tumor, death occured on average 8 months following diagnosis if metastases were present initially, and 36 months after the diagnosis otherwise. Tumors predominantly involved the leg (7 cases), the pelvis (2 cases), and the humerus (2 cases), the involvement being both diaphyseal and metaphyseal. The radiologic appearance is that of an aggressive, poorly demarcated tumor, with cortical destruction, periosteal reaction and soft tissue invasion. Comparison with Ewing sarcoma shows little radiologic or clinical difference, except for a poorer prognosis in neuroectodermal bone tumors. Both bone tumors may have a similar neuroectodermal origin, with Ewing sarcoma representing the undifferentiated variety.     

外周血CD4 + T淋巴细胞数量及强的松累积剂量对成人原发性肾病综合征重度感染的影响

目的探讨外周血CD4⁺ T淋巴细胞数量及强的松累积剂量对成人原发性肾病综合征（PNS）重度感染的影响。 方法回顾性选择2012年1月至2016年12月于榆林市星元医院接受治疗的成人PNS患者120例。根据患者入院48 h后感染程度分为轻度感染组（40例）、中度感染组（52例）和重度感染组（48例）。分析不同组别患者感染部位及病原学分布,并比较不同组别PNS患者临床特征的差异。应用单因素、多因素非条件Logistic回归分析影响PNS患者重度感染的的危险因素。 结果PNS患者感染以肺部感染（72.1%）为主,肺炎克雷伯菌（10.7%）及结核分枝杆菌（12.1%）为主要病原微生物。单因素、多因素Logistic回归分析显示,强的松累积剂量（OR = 1.587、95%CI：0.144～2.687）和CD4⁺ T淋巴细胞计数（OR = 0.904、95%CI：0.772～0.999）可增加PNS患者重度感染风险（P均< 0.05）。 结论强的松累积剂量较大、CD4⁺ T淋巴细胞计数较低的患者更易发生成人PNS重度感染。