术中引流在乳腺多发良性肿块麦默通微创旋切术中的应用

目的：探讨超声引导下麦默通（Mammotome）微创旋切术处理乳腺多发良性肿块术中引流的应用及优势,总结麦默通技术的经验及注意事项。方法：回顾性分析2011年6月-2014年3月106例289处乳腺病灶行超声引导下麦默通微创旋切术的临床资料,根据手术细节的不同分成术中引流组54例患者及非引流组52例患者,观察两组治疗结果的差异。结果：106例289处乳腺病灶均完整切除,非引流组出现5例术后出血。与非引流组相比,术中引流可明显降低术后血肿的发生率,差异具有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。两组手术时间比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论：超声引导下麦默通微创旋切术对乳腺多发良性肿块可达到准确切除及兼顾美容的治疗目的,操作简单、安全,手术并发症少,如采用术中引流的方法更能减少术后出血的发生率,且不明显增加手术时间,值得推广。     

右旋美托嘧啶影响术中镇静药量和术后谵妄的应用研究

目的：探讨右旋美托嘧啶对术中镇静药量和术后谵妄的影响。方法：选取2012年3月-2013年8月在本院于全麻下行腹腔镜胆总管切开取石术患者60例为研究对象,随机数字表法分成A、B两组。A组30例患者采用静注右旋美托嘧啶（DEX）方案,于术前10 min按照0.7μg/kg剂量肘前静脉注射DEX,术中以0.4μg/（kg·h）的速度持续给药;B组30例患者给予静注生理盐水方案,剂量、给药方式及速度均与A组一致。对比两组患者术中丙泊酚用量,分析其术后镇静警醒评分（OAA/S评分）、舒适度评分、VAS评分及谵妄分级量差异。结果：A组患者术中丙泊酚用量为（480.4±23.4）mL,明显低于B组患者的（699.9±38.4）mL,组间对比差异具有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;B组患者插管时血浆中丙泊酚浓度为（3.69±2.25）μg/mL,明显高于A组患者的（2.43±1.59）μg/mL,组间对比差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;B组患者OAA/S评分为（1.5±0.3）分,明显低于A组的（1.9±0.2）分,组间对比差异具有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;A组患者舒适度评分与VAS评分均优于B组患者,但组间对比差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。A组患者术后谵妄分级量评分为（13.52±4.59）分,明显低于B组患者的（16.03±5.64）分,组间对比差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论：全麻术中静注右旋美托嘧啶,能有效降低术中镇静药物用量、控制患者血液中丙泊酚浓度,对减少术后谵妄发生率具有一定的积极意义,值得临床推广使用。     

四维CT技术在放疗中的应用

介绍了四维CT技术在国内肿瘤放疗中的应用现状,阐述了四维cT图像采集的软件参数设置方法和具体操作步骤,以及使用四维CT图像勾画肿瘤靶区的应用方法,以期提高诊断的准确率,更好地为临床服务。     

三维适形放疗Philips Big Bore CT配合高压注射器的模拟定位技术的应用

目的：探讨Philips Big Bore CT模拟定位机配合强化扫描技术在三维适形放疗中的应用价值.方法：115例患者应用Philips Big Bore CT模拟定位机和安科公司ASA-200高压注射器,使用非离子造影剂进行强化扫描,全程由主管医生陪护.结果：115例患者顺利完成CT模拟定位强化扫描,与CT平扫相比良好地显示了肿瘤区（GTV）,满足三维适形放疗或三维适形调强放疗精确勾画靶区的要求.结论：三维适形放疗时应用Philips Big Bore CT模拟定位机是完成各种复杂被动体位及同步固定模具扫描的基本保证,同时配合使用高压注射器强化扫描技术是精确勾画肿瘤区（GTV）、提高肿瘤放疗治愈率的有效措施之一.     

基于JCI核心的疼痛理念在小儿术后临床护理服务中的应用

目的探究ICI核心疼痛理念在小儿术后临床护理服务中的临床应用。方法选取我院从2012年3月至2013年6月收治的小儿术后病惠100例。将其随机分为对照组和观察组各50例。对对照组行常规护理,对观察组行基于JCI核心疼痛理念的临床护理。对比两组实施不同护理后的疗效以及护士对于疼痛基础知识、疼痛评估以及镇痛方法得分情况。结果观察组疗效为优者占比72．00％,优良率为98．00％,均显著高于对照组的48．00％和86．00％,差异均有统计学意义（P均＜0．05）。观察组护士在疼痛基础知识、疼痛评估以及镇痛方法得分为89．3±2．5、95,4±1．7、92．5±2．7,均显著高于对照组的79．2±7．1、83．5±8．3、85．7±9．6．差异均有统计学意义（P均＜0．05）。结论基于JCI核心的疼痛理念,将其应用于小儿术后临床护理服务中,能够有效促进病患进行康复．效果较好,值得临床护理推荐。     

肺癌脑转移瘤三维适形放疗和立体定向放疗疗效的比较分析

目的：分析和总结三维适形放疗与立体定向放疗在治疗脑转移瘤中的疗效。方法回顾性分析2009年11月～2011年11月于我院行全脑放疗后行三维适形放疗或立体定向放疗的60例肺癌脑转移患者的放疗资料、随访资料及影像学资料,比较两种放疗方式的疗效。结果本组含1～2个脑转移灶的患者共21例,12例行三维适形放疗,9例行立体定向放疗,两组患者的中位生存期、有效率和1年生存率分别为12月、83.3%、58.3%和14月、88.9%、66.7%。脑转移灶数≥3的患者共39例,17例行三维适形放疗,22例行立体定向放疗,两组的中位生存期、有效率和1年生存率分别为7月、58.8%、41.2%和13月、81.8%、68.2%。在脑转移灶数≥3的患者中,立体定向放疗组的中位生存期、有效率和1年生存率都明显优于三维适形放疗组（P＜0.05）。结论对于多发性脑转移瘤患者,立体定向放疗较三维适形放疗更有效。     

Incidence and risk factors for urinary retention following laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair

Background

The incidence of postoperative urinary retention (PUR) has been reported to range from 1% to 22% in patients who have undergone laparoscopic inguinal hernia procedures. The objectives of this study were to determine the incidence of PUR and examine different risk factors that may be associated with the development of PUR in patients who have undergone laparoscopic inguinal hernia procedures.

Methods

A retrospective chart review was performed on 350 patients. Demographics, comorbidities, and operative and postoperative information were collected in patients undergoing laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair by 3 general surgeons from 2007 to 2011. Statistical analysis was done on patient demographics, medical histories, anesthesia notes, and postoperative notes to identify risk factors for the development of urinary retention after laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair.

Results

Three hundred fifty consecutive patients who underwent laparoscopic inguinal hernia repairs were reviewed. Twenty-nine patients developed PUR, an incidence of 8.3%. Age ≥60 years and history of benign prostatic hyperplasia showed significance on multivariate analysis, with odds ratios of 3.0 and 11.0 respectively (P < .05). Anesthesia time ≥2 hours (odds ratio, .75) was a contributing perioperative risk factor but only as an independent risk factor (P < .05).

Conclusions

History of benign prostatic hyperplasia, age ≥60 years, and anesthesia time ≥2 hours were significant independent risk factors for urinary retention after laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair. On multivariate analysis, only history of group and age ≥60 years showed significance. This is 1 of the largest studies to show that the development of PUR in laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair patients is a multifactorial process. Further studies should be conducted to corroborate our findings.     

Predictive factors for failure of percutaneous drainage of postoperative abscess after abdominal surgery

Background

The aims of this study were to assess the efficacy of percutaneous drainage of postoperative abscess after abdominal surgery and to identify factors predictive of failed drainage.

Methods

Data from 81 patients with postoperative abdominopelvic abscesses treated with percutaneous drainage were reviewed. Percutaneous drainage failure was considered when surgery was needed to control the sepsis. Predictive variables were sought using univariate and multivariate analyses with logistic regression models.

Results

Successful drainage requiring 1 (n = 46) or 2 (n = 17) procedures was observed in 63 patients (78%; 95% confidence interval, 67%–86%). Surgery was needed in 18 patients (22%; 95% confidence interval, 14%–38%). Residual collection after a first percutaneous drainage was the single predictive factor for failed drainage on univariate and multivariate analyses (P = .0275).

Conclusions

Percutaneous imaging-guided drainage is a feasible and effective method for the treatment of abdominopelvic abscess, with a success rate of 78%. Residual collection is an independent predictor of unfavorable outcome after percutaneous drainage.     

Modified partial superficial parotidectomy versus conventional superficial parotidectomy improves treatment of pleomorphic adenoma of the parotid gland

Background

Surgical treatment of pleomorphic adenoma of the parotid gland remains a subject of major debate. The investigators compared postoperative complications and surgical parameters between modified partial superficial parotidectomy and conventional superficial parotidectomy.

Methods

Clinical records of 129 patients were reviewed and analyzed for clinical characteristics.

Results

Compared with the conventional superficial parotidectomy group, the modified partial superficial parotidectomy group had significantly lower rates of auricular numbness, Frey's syndrome, and obvious facial asymmetry (all P values <.05). The distance between the primary tumor capsule and satellite nodules ranged from .06 to 8.48 mm, and the greatest distance between the primary tumor capsule and satellite nodules was observed in tumors >4 cm. Furthermore, satellite nodules were more common in tumors >4 cm than in tumors <2 cm or tumors between 2 and 4 cm (all P values <.05).

Conclusions

Modified partial superficial parotidectomy compares favorably surgically and clinically with conventional superficial parotidectomy in certain patients.     

Multiple complications and short length of stay are associated with postoperative readmissions

Background

The aim of this study was to characterize patients readmitted following inpatient general surgery procedures. We hypothesized that a decreased length of stay would increase risk for readmission.

Methods

We utilized our institutional National Surgical Quality Improvement Project database from 2006 to 2011. The main outcome of interest was 30-day readmission. Univariate and logistic regression analyses identified risk factors for readmission.

Results

We identified 3,556 patients, with 322 (9%) readmitted within 30 days after discharge. Multivariable analysis demonstrated age, dyspnea, and American Society of Anesthesiologists class to be independent risk factors for readmission. In addition, patients who suffered multiple complications had a decreased risk for readmission as length of stay increased. Patients with <2 postoperative complications had an increased risk for readmission as length of stay increased.

Conclusions

Contributors to postoperative readmissions are multifactorial. Perioperative factors predict risk for readmission and may help determine a target length of stay. Prevention of postoperative complications may reduce readmission rates.