黄精多糖对老年糖尿病小鼠脑组织糖基化终产物受体mRNA表达的影响

目的　探讨黄精多糖对老年糖尿病小鼠脑组织糖基化终产物受体mRNA (RAGEmRNA)表达的调节作用。　方法　BALB/C小鼠 30只 ,随机分为对照组、糖尿病模型组和治疗组 ,每组 1 0只 ;糖尿病模型组和治疗组腹腔注射链脲佐菌素建立小鼠糖尿病模型 ,治疗组给予黄精多糖2ml/kg ,每日 1次灌胃给药 ,共 1 2周。各组实验动物脑组织RAGEmRNA表达的测定采用RT PCR法。　结果　糖尿病模型组实验鼠脑组织RAGEmRNA表达增加 ,RAGE/ β actin相对值 (0 1 5 3±0 0 5 4 )明显高于对照组 (0 ,P <0 0 1 )。应用黄精多糖治疗后 ,治疗组鼠脑组织RAGEmRNA表达较模型组降低 ,RAGE/ β actin相对值 (0 0 92± 0 0 33)显著低于模型组 (P <0 0 5 )。　 结论　黄精多糖能抑制老年糖尿病鼠脑组织RAGEmRNA表达 ,对高血糖及糖基化终产物 (AGE)造成的脑组织损伤具有保护作用     

Comparison of intraperitoneal anti-adhesive polysaccharides derived from Phellinus mushrooms in a rat peritonitis model

AIM: To assess the adhesion- and abscess-reducing capacities of various concentrations of polysaccharides derived from fungus, Phellinus gilvus (PG) or Phellinus linteus(PL) in a rat peritonitis model. METHODS: In 96 SD rats, experimental peritonitis was induced using the cecal ligation and puncture model (CLP). Rats were randomly assigned to 8 groups; Ringer's lactate solution (RL group), hyaluronic acid (HA group), 0.025%, 0.25%, and 0.5% polysaccharides from PG (PG0.025, 0.25, and 0.5 groups), and PL (PL0.025, 0.25, and 0.5 groups). Adhesions and abscesses were noted at 7 d after CLP. RT-PCR assay was performed to assess the cecal tissue. RESULTS: Adhesion formation was significantly reduced in PG0.25, 0.5, PL0.25, 0.5, and HA groups (2.5±0.7, 2.4±0.7, 3.8±1.0, 3.6±0.8, and 2.7±1.1, P<0.05). The incidence of abscesses was significantly reduced in all treated groups compared to RL group (58%, P<0.05). The urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) gene expression was greatly up-regulated by increasing the concentration of polysaccharides. The urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α mRNA were highly expressed in PG0.25, 0.5, PL0.25, and 0.5 groups. CONCLUSION: We concluded that 0.5% polysaccharide derived from PG and PL was the optimal concentration in preventing adhesion and abscess formation and may act by modulating activity of uPA and TNF-α in a rat peritonitis model.     

药用地衣金刷把的质量标准研究

目的从形态结构及有效成分定性定量等方面对金刷把进行系统研究。方法通过观察和切片获得金刷把形态结构特征;以松萝酸为对照,分别用薄层色谱法和高效液相色谱法对样品中的松萝酸进行定性定量;采用硫酸-苯酚法测定总多糖和水溶性多糖含量。结果金刷把枝状体呈灌丛状,其结构为藻层分散于髓层,中央为菌丝纵向排列形成的致密中轴;6批样品总多糖平均含量为26.94%,水溶性多糖平均含量为12.51%,松萝酸平均含量为0.47%。结论研究建立的分析方法可用于金刷把药材的质量控制和评价,为规范草药市场和制定陕西地方药材标准提供参考。     

黄芪多糖对RAW264.7巨噬细胞源性泡沫细胞胆固醇流出及PPARγ表达的影响

目的 以RAW264.7巨噬细胞源性泡沫细胞为研究对象,观察不同浓度黄芪多糖（APS）对细胞内胆固醇流出及PPARγ表达的影响,探讨可能作用机制.方法 将RAW264.7细胞诱导分化为泡沫细胞,用油红O染色法鉴定.不同浓度APS作用泡沫细胞48 h后,液体闪烁计数仪检测胆固醇的流出率,并用RTPCR及ELISA测定PPARγ的基因及蛋白表达.结果 ①巨噬细胞经氧化型低密度脂蛋白（ox-LDL）诱导48 h后转化为泡沫细胞.②与对照组相比,不同浓度APS干预组泡沫细胞的胆固醇流出率上升（P＜0.01）,且在一定浓度范围内呈剂量依赖性.③与对照组相比,不同浓度APS干预组泡沫细胞内PPARγ的基因表达上调（P＜0.01）,且在一定浓度范围内呈剂量依赖性.④与对照组相比,20、50、100 mg/L浓度APS干预组泡沫细胞内PPARγ的蛋白表达增加（P＜0.01）.结论 ①经ox-LDL诱导后,巨噬细胞分化为泡沫细胞,细胞内脂质大量增加.②APS促进巨噬细胞内胆固醇流出,可能与上调细胞内PPARγ的表达有关.     

Heterogeneity and New Epitopes of Hepatitis C Virus Genotype 4

Background

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) was found to have a major role in human liver disease by its ability to face the host-cell defenses and the immune system. Heterogeneity of HCV was the key for its adaptation to its host and represented a significant hurdle for the development of both effective vaccines as well as for novel therapeutic interventions.

Objectives

Due to the heterogeneity of HCV virus because of both high replication and high mutation rate in vivo, this study was conducted to analyze different isolates of Egyptian patients of genotype 4, of the most mutant regions of the virus (E1 and E2) as they played an important role in viral persistence by escaping from the immune system of the host body.

Patients and Methods

This study was conducted through PCR amplification of E1 and E2 regions, sequencing and phylogenetic analysis, calculating synonyms and non-synonyms substitutions, finding the possible glycosylation sites and different epitope domains.

Results

The present work figured out that the heterogeneity of the quasispecies of our local strains 4a was high showing up 15% diversity. This study also showed four glycosylation sites that play an important role in the entry of the virus and protein folding. Besides, different epitpoes were identified in different regions of the E1 and E2 domains; a finding which would help in determining the neutralizing and non- neutralizing antibodies.

Conclusions

This study would help in understanding the driving forces of genetic diversity and would be fundamental for representing potential candidate targets for antibodies and the development of vaccine trials.     

商陆多糖Ⅱ体外对小鼠脾细胞增殖及产生集落刺激因子的影响

用[³H]TdR参入法检测小鼠脾细胞增殖能力及产生集落刺激因子(colony stimulating factor. CSF)含量.证明商陆多糖Ⅱ(PAP-Ⅱ)在31～500 μg·m^-1范围内显著促进小鼠稗细胞增殖。PAP-Ⅱ,31～125 μg·ml^-1可剂量依赖性地促进Con A(1,2.8μg·ml^-1),LPS(3,10,30 μg·ml^-1)诱导的淋巴细胞细咆增殖,随着PAP-Ⅱ剂量加大,对丝裂原诱导的淋巴细胞增殖反呈抑制作用。PAP-Ⅱ。10～500μg·ml^-1呈剂量及时间依赖性地促进脾细胞产生CSF,其最适剂量为100 μg·ml^-1。最佳时间为5 d,提示PAP-Ⅱ能增强免疫及促进造血功能。     

多糖治疗乙肝疫苗无应答小儿的远期效果观察

对乙肝疫苗无应答小儿采用多糖治疗２４例，有８７．５％的小儿产生了抗ＨＢｓ。５年后随访，除失访的３例外，９０．５％的小儿抗ＨＢｓ阳性，且抗ＨＢｓ滴度值稳定。说明多糖用于治疗乙肝疫苗无应答小儿的远期效果持久。     

Antithrombic activity of some polysaccharide resins

Crosslinked dextrans (Sephadex®) bearing essentially car☐ymethyl, benzylsulphonate and -amino acid groups have been synthesized. The antithrombic activity of the resins may be the result of a cooperative effect between the functional groups. The binding of benzylsulphonate to car☐ymethylated Sephadex endows these materials with activity. However the highest activity is obtained when the resins contain simultaneously benzylsulphonate, -amino acid and car☐ylic acid groups.     

卡介菌多糖核酸对免疫抑制小鼠T淋巴细胞亚群的影响

为探讨卡介菌多糖核酸对免疫功能低下个体T淋巴细胞亚群的调节机制，采用流式细胞分析术系统地观察了卡介菌多糖核酸对免疫功能低下小鼠模型外周血、脾脏、胸腺T淋巴细胞亚群的影响。结果显示：卡介菌多糖核酸可以调节由于环磷酰胺导致的外周血、脾脏、胸腺中紊乱的CD4^ T、CD8^ T细胞亚群并使之恢复正常比例。提示卡介菌多糖核酸可能直接调节外周血、外周免疫器官（脾脏）和中枢免疫器官（胸腺）CD4^ T、CD4^ CD8^ T细胞的成熟与分化而维持CD4^ T、CD8^ T两亚群间的平衡。     

童康片和卡介菌多糖治疗儿童反复呼吸道感染疗效观察

目的观察童康片与卡介菌多糖核酸注射液联合治疗小儿反复呼吸道感染（RRI）的疗效。方法将RRI患儿随机分为2组,治疗组58例咀嚼中成药童康片同时肌注卡介菌多糖核酸注射液,疗程2个月。对照组50例单纯肌注卡介菌多糖核酸注射液,疗程2个月。结果两组疗效间差别有显著性意义（P〈0.05）。结论童康片和卡介菌多糖联合治疗儿童RRI疗效佳,无明显副作用。