Urinary biomarker of oxidative stress correlating with outcome in critically septic patients

Objective To determine whether urinary 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), an in vivo parameter of oxidative stress, is correlated with the outcome of critically septic patients. Design and setting Clinical outcome study in an adult medical ICU. Patients Eighty-five consecutive septic patients: 59 men and 26 women. Measurements and results Urinary 8-OHdG was analyzed using isotope-dilution liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS). ICU mortality in these 85 septic patients was 25.9% (n = 22) and hospital mortality 38.8% (n = 33). APACHE II scores of survivors on day 1, on day 3, and the difference between them differed significantly from those of nonsurvivors (day 1, 21.0 ± 7.1 vs. 25.9 ± 8.0; day 3, 15.0 ± 5.8 vs. 23.2 ± 8.3; difference, 6.0 ± 5.5 vs. 1.7 ± 6.6). Urinary 8-OHdG was significantly lower in survivors than in nonsurvivors on day 1 (1.8 ± 2.4 vs. 3.0 ± 2.4). The area under receiver operating characteristic curve analysis for the association between day 1 urinary 8-OHdG and ICU mortality was 0.71. The comparison performed upon discharge from hospital revealed similar results. Conclusions This is a preliminary study. The excretion of the urinary 8-OHdG, as measured using isotope-dilution LC/MS/MS, as the APACHE II score, were correlated with the outcome of critically septic patients in medical ICU. An erratum to this article can be found at     

护理专业生理学课程思政实施效果的调查研究

目的 为推动思想政治教育与专业课的深度融合,实现知识与能力的传授与价值引领相结合的理念,探究护理专业生理学课程思政教育融入的效果与存在的问题。方法 选取2021年2月至7月春季学期2020级护理学专业200名学生为研究对象,在生理学授课中融入思政教育。课程结束后利用微信问卷星进行问卷调查,了解、分析学生对德育教育的认知、生理学课程思政的态度及实施满意度等。结果 大多数的学生认为自己具有一定的社会责任感并愿意为理想而努力。93.37%的学生认为大学是思想品德构建的关键时刻,对课程思政有较强需求,对现行生理学课程思政实践认可度及满意度均很高。此外,学生对课程思政的内容与形式也提出自己的建议与想法。结论 针对护理学专业进行生理学课程思政是学生的需求,对学生能力的培养具有重要意义。     

The effect of positive balance on the outcomes of critically ill noncardiac postsurgical patients: A retrospective cohort study

Purpose

Fluid balance remains a highly controversial topic in the critical care field, and no consensus has been reached about the fluid levels required by critically ill surgical patients. In this study, we investigated the relationship between fluid balance and in-hospital mortality in critically ill surgical patients.

Methods

The medical records of adult patients managed in a surgical intensive care unit (ICU) for more than 48 hours after surgery from January 2010 to February 2011 were reviewed retrospectively. Abstracted data included body weights, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II scores, Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) scores, fluid therapy values (intake, output, and balance) during the ICU stay, type of operation, length of stay in the ICU and hospital, and in-hospital mortality.

Results

A total of 148 patients were enrolled. The in-hospital mortality rate was 20.8%, and the median length of stay in the ICU and hospital were 5.0 and 24 days, respectively. The median daily fluid balance over the first 3 postoperative days was positive 11.2 mL/kg. Fluid balances in the ICU were 19.2, 15.0, and − 0.6 mL kg^− 1 d^− 1, respectively, during the first 3 days vs SOFA scores (6.8, 6.3, and 6.5). Comparing the nonsurvival group with the survival group, the univariate analysis showed that age (P = .05), APACHE II score (P < .001), and use of a vasopressor (norepinephrine) (P = .05) affect in-hospital mortality. In the overall patients, any of the fluid balances were not significantly associated with mortality. However, in critically ill patients whose APACHE II scores were greater than 20, the nonsurvivor group showed a significant tendency toward a positive balance compared with the survivor group on the second and third days of ICU stay. Nevertheless, the SOFA scores showed no difference between nonsurvivor and survivors during the initial 2 postoperative days.

Conclusion

In critically ill noncardiac postsurgical patients whose APAHCE II scores were greater than 20, a positive balance in the ICU can be associated with mortality risk. To determine the direct effect of positive fluid balance, a larger scaled, prospective randomized study will be required.     

两种评分系统对慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期患者病情严重程度及预后评估的研究

目的探讨慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期(acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,AECOPD)患者急性生理学与慢性健康状况评分Ⅱ(acute physiology and chronic health evaluationⅡ,APACHEⅡ)及慢性阻塞性肺疾病和支气管哮喘生理评分(COPD and asthma physiology score,CAPS)与病情严重程度及预后的关系及评估价值。方法回顾性分析2013年1月至2018年11月于北京积水潭医院呼吸与危重症医学科住院治疗的AECOPD患者239例。根据住院期间有无机械通气分为无机械通气组和机械通气组;根据预后分为存活组和死亡组。住院后计算APACHEⅡ评分及CAPS评分。进行两种评分系统的不同组间比较;进行两种评分系统与住院期间需要行机械通气的可能性及疾病转归的相关性分析;评估入院时两种评分系统对住院期间需要行机械通气的可能性及死亡发生风险的预测价值。结果①AECOPD无机械通气组患者两种评分均明显低于机械通气组[APACHEⅡ分别为(12.09±3.48)分、(18.74±4.06)分,CAPS分别为(18.70±5.70)分、(26.35±7.87)分,P<0.05];②AECOPD存活组患者两种评分均明显低于死亡组[APACHEⅡ分别为(13.88±4.06)分、(20.86±4.43)分,CAPS分别为(19.66±5.37)分、(32.84±6.74)分,P<0.05];③Spearman相关分析显示,AECOPD患者APACHEⅡ评分、CAPS评分与住院期间需要行机械通气的可能性均呈显著相关(r值分别为0.694、0.525,P<0.05);④Spearman相关分析显示,AECOPD患者APACHEⅡ评分、CAPS评分与死亡发生风险均呈显著相关(r值分别为0.554、0.612,P<0.05)。结论AECOPD患者入院时APACHEⅡ评分及CAPS评分与病情严重程度及预后密切相关;对于评估患者病情严重程度、住院期间需要行机械通气的可能性,APACHEⅡ评分优于CAPS评分;两者对于AECOPD患者预后的预测价值基本相当,均具有较高的预测价值。     

窦房结组织及L-型电压门控钙通道蛋白表达的增龄性变化

为了检测窦房结不同区域L 型电压门控钙通道蛋白在窦房结增龄性中的变化 ,进一步阐明病窦综合征的病因及发病机制 ,我们采用异硫氰酸荧光素标记的链霉亲和素 生物素复合物技术 ,利用激光共聚焦显微镜测定幼年兔组 (1～ 2周龄 )、成年兔组 (5～ 6月龄 )和老年兔组 (40～ 70月龄 )窦房结组织不同区域L 型电压门控钙通道蛋白荧光强度。结果 :光镜下 ,幼年兔组的窦房结组织细胞最密集 ,成年兔次之 ,老年兔最少 ,老年兔有细胞核固缩、裂解现象 ,幼年组、成年组和老年组细胞数分别为 :2 6 .4 0± 3.2 7,15 .6 0± 2 .88,11.10± 1.91,其中两两比较 ,均有显著性差异 ;三个年龄组的兔窦房结组织的L 型电压门控钙通道蛋白荧光强度在外周区与中心区均有显著性差异 ,除了成年组 ,余年龄组的交界区与中心区表达也有明显差异 ;幼年组和成年组在窦房结中心区表达的L 型电压门控钙通道蛋白荧光强度具有显著性差异 (49.95± 5 .74vs 6 0 .5 5± 10 .5 4 ,P <0 .0 1)。结论 :兔窦房结组织细胞数随年龄增加而逐渐减少 ,并且在老年兔组出现核固缩、裂解现象 ;兔窦房结表达的L 型电压门控钙通道蛋白具有异质性 ;从出生到成年 ,兔窦房结组织中心区表达的L 型电压门控钙通道蛋白随年龄增长而增加 ,但在成年后无明显变化。     

Development of the human gastrointestinal microbiota and insights from high-throughput sequencing

Little was known about the development of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract microbiota, until recently, because of difficulties in obtaining sufficient sequence information from enough people or time points. Now, with decreased costs of DNA sequencing and improved bioinformatic tools, we can compare GI tract bacterial communities among individuals, of all ages from infancy to adulthood. Some key recent findings are that the initial bacterial community, even in the GI tract, depends strongly on delivery mode; that the process of early development of the microbiota is highly unstable and idiosyncratic; that the microbiota differs considerably among children from different countries; and that older adults have substantially different GI tract communities than younger adults, indicating that the GI tract microbiota can change throughout life. We relate these observations to different models of evolution including the evolution of senescence and suggest that probiotics be selected based on patient age. Studies of the microbiota in older people might tell us which probiotics could increase longevity. Drug metabolism varies among individuals with different microbial communities, so age- and region-specific clinical trials are required to ensure safety and efficacy.     

Variables Influencing Heart Rate

In both physiologic and pathological conditions, instantaneous heart rate value is the result of a rather complex interplay. It constantly varies under the influence of a number of factors: nonmodifiable and modifiable ones. Pharmacologic blockade with β-adrenergic antagonists and/or with parasympathetic antagonists such as atropine have permitted the identification of the mechanisms of autonomic nervous regulation of heart rate in a variety of physiologic and pathological conditions. The analysis of heart rate and blood pressure variability has yielded additional information on the autonomic control of the circulation, which has proven to have diagnostic and prognostic implications in a number of clinically relevant conditions such as hypertension, acute myocardial infarction, heart failure, and predisposition to sudden cardiac death. This article will summarize, based on available epidemiologic and clinical studies, the key variables influencing heart rate and heart rate variability in view of the known association between heart rate and cardiovascular disease.