Morbid Obesity Causes Chronic Increase of Intraabdominal Pressure

Intraabdominal hypertension and the abdominal compartment syndrome are known to deleteriously affect a wide array of organ systems. We retrospectively reviewed 62 women who underwent either laparoscopic gastric bypass surgery or adjustable gastric banding. Their age, body mass index (BMI), and race were known. Their opening abdominal pressure was recorded by connecting a Verress needle to a pressure monitor. Linear regression was used to assess the contribution of age, race, and BMI to the observed variation in opening abdominal pressure. Neither variation in age or race explained the variation in opening pressure (P > .05). By contrast, variation in BMI explained 8% of the observed variation in opening pressure (P < .05). For every 1 kg/mm² increase in BMI, there was on average a 0.07 mm Hg increase in opening pressure. Increases in BMI are associated with increases in intraabdominal pressure.     

维生素D简介

文章就维生素D的结构、来源、在人体内的代谢、主要生理功能、应用及合成的现状作了简要介绍,旨在使读者对维生素D有一个全面的了解。     

生理学互动型学习网站的实践与探索

网络课程是基于现代多媒体、网络教学环境的教学资源。为提高教学质量,设计和开发了生理学互动型学习网站。内容包括：网络课堂、学习园地、在线测试和网络资源库等。教学实践显示,利用网站组织教学,具有课程内容丰富、重点突出、图文并茂,以及较好的交互性等优点。     

生理学机能实验教学的思考与探索

生理学是医学高等院校的基础医学主干课程,机能实验教学是其重要组成部分。在生理学技能实验教学中,教学思路必须向开放型转变,在基本教学大纲的要求下充分培养学生自主思维能力,同时加强其严谨科学态度和团队协作精神的培养。     

留学生生理学全英语教学的实践和体会

随着教学改革的不断深入和高等教育国际化进程加快,国内不少高等医学院校陆续开展了全英语教学。提高教师英语教学水平;了解留学生的特点,因材施教;重视外语教材建设,设置合理的教学大纲和计划,注重课堂教学技巧;是教学取得成功的关键。     

CBS在《生理学》教学中的应用

以CBS教学法引导《生理学》教学与临床实践相结合,可以有效提高学生的学习兴趣、积极性。教师在使用CBS进行教学时,可通过明确应掌握的知识、精心挑选病例、适当结合其他教学方式、针对不同学生区别施教等方式,进一步促进《生理学》教学与临床实践相结合,提高教学效果：     

Impact of Morbid Obesity on Chewing Ability

Background  This study compared the chewing parameters in a group of obese adult patients scheduled for gastric bypass surgery with those of a control group. Methods  Chewing parameters were measured in two groups of subjects, one of 44 obese patients scheduled for gastric bypass surgery (body mass index [BMI] = 49.1 ± 7.2) and the other of 30 non-obese control subjects (BMI = 20.9 ± 2.1). In both groups, the subjects’ dental status was characterized by the number of functional dental units. Kinematic parameters, namely chewing time (CT), number of chewing cycles (CC), and chewing frequency (CF), were video recorded during the mastication of five natural standardized foods (banana, apple, sweet jelly, peanut, and carrot). The particle size distribution of the expectorated bolus from carrot and peanuts was characterized by the 50th percentile (D ₅₀). Analysis was carried out to detect any effect of the fixed factors “dental status,” “type of food,” and “subject group” on the variations of the dependent factors CT, CC, CF, and D ₅₀. Results  In obese subjects, CT, CC, and D ₅₀ were variables depending on both dental status and food. For fully dentate subjects, the group of patients with obesity showed higher values for CT and CC and lower values for D ₅₀ for both carrot and peanuts than the control group. Conclusion  The chewing parameters were affected in fully dentate patients with morbid obesity compared with controls, emphasizing the need for a systematic evaluation of both dental status and chewing ability in patients scheduled for bariatric surgery.     

Physical condition of preterm infants with periventricular leukomalacia

The aim of this study is to determine the general condition of preterm infants with severe brain lesions and to compare it with that of normal preterm infants. The Score for Neonatal Acute Physiology (SNAP) was calculated in nine preterm infants with periventricular leukomalacia (PVL) whose initial electroencephalograms showed grade IV depression (PVL group), 18 preterm infants who did not require mechanical ventilation during the neonatal period, Spontaneous respiration (SR group), and 18 preterm infants who required mechanical ventilation (MV group). The sum of the following four items in SNAP was separately calculated and called the ‘lung score’: PaO₂, PaO₂/FiO₂ ratio, PaCO₂, and oxygenation index. In addition to SNAP, we evaluated some neonatal variables. SNAP is lower in the SR group than in the PVL (P<0.05) or MV (P<0.01) groups. The lung score was also lower in the SR group than in the PVL (P<0.05) or MV (P<0.01) groups. On the other hand, the residual score (SNAP minus lung score) was not significantly different among the three groups. The physical condition of infants with PVL was not poor, although respiratory distress was often observed.