小牛血清去蛋白注射液对糖尿病无症状性下肢动脉病变的影响

目的观察小牛血清去蛋白注射液（DCBSI）对糖尿病下肢动脉病变患者早期动脉硬化指标的影响,为糖尿病并发下肢动脉病变的治疗提供依据。方法选取48例糖尿病并发下肢动脉病变患者（PAD组）,随机分为加用DCBSI治疗组24例和对照组24例,并选取未并发PAD的糖尿病患者32例（非PAD组）作为基线时指标对照。治疗前后测定空腹血糖、餐后血糖、糖化血红蛋白（HAb1C）、总胆固醇、甘油三酯、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）、空腹胰岛素水平,计算胰岛素抵抗指数（HOMA-IR）,并检测颈股脉搏波传导速度（cf-PWV）、心踝血管指数（CAVI）、踝臂指数（ABI）及依赖性血管内皮舒张功能（EDD）。结果 PAD组Hb A1C、甘油三酯、LDL-C、空腹胰岛素及cf-PWV、CAVI均明显高于非PAD组,HDL-C、ABI、EDD均明显低于非PAD组,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05,P〈0.01）。应用DCBSI治疗前后比较,治疗组甘油三酯[（2.5±0.52）mmol/L]、空腹胰岛素[（10.2±0.35）m U/L]、HOMA-IR（0.9±0.67）、cf-PWV[（10.0±2.80）m/s]和CVAI（8.2±0.74）较治疗前[分别为（3.0±0.85）mmol/L、（13.9±4.60）m U/L、1.4±0.46、（11.8±3.00）m/s和9.6±1.70]明显降低,EDD（10.3%±2.50%）较治疗前（8.0%±3.20%）明显升高,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05,P〈0.01）。对照组治疗后cf-PWV也较治疗前降低,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）,但CVAI和EDD差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。两组治疗前后ABI指标无明显变化。结论糖尿病确诊初期部分患者已出现动脉粥样硬化和下肢动脉病变,早期检测和干预十分必要。DCBSI是治疗糖尿病下肢动脉病变的有效药物。     

保留神经的根治性子宫切除术

传统的根治性子宫切除术术后常引起一系列并发症,如膀胱功能障碍、肛门直肠功能紊乱和阴道功能障碍等。随着肿瘤外科的发展,在根治性子宫切除术中通过保留盆腔自主神经可显著减少术后并发症,改善患者术后生活质量。由于缺乏传统的根治性子宫切除术与保留盆腔神经根治性子宫切除术的疗效和并发症的临床随机对照研究,所以尚不能广泛推广。近年开展的大量手术实践有相关技术创新和随访数据。现就近年保留神经的根治性子宫切除术的适应证、手术步骤、手术技巧和并发症的进展进行综述,并阐述需要研究的问题。     

周围型肺癌的X线诊断与影像学的动态分析研究

目的：对不同时期的周围型肺癌X线影像进行分析,以提高早期影像诊断水平。方法：收集有较完整X线随访资料的52例周围型肺癌患者资料,着重总结其早期征象。结果：早期征象表现为肺内单发结节状病灶,平均直径为15mm,中等密度;病灶内部构造,早期者可见空泡征,进展期可见细小钙化病灶,空洞则多见于进展期;边缘情况：毛刺、分叶征、兔耳征以及胸膜萎缩征等,进展期明显多于早期。结论：直径15mm以内,边缘有毛刺、分叶征及胸膜萎缩征等,留内有空泡征,无论临床有无症状,均提示早期周围型肺癌。     

非神经源性恶性肿瘤嗜神经侵袭机制研究进展

部分非神经源性恶性肿瘤除具有浸润、复发及转移的一般特性外,还有一个较为特殊的临床表现就是嗜神经侵袭。肿瘤细胞嗜神经侵袭可能是多种因素参与、共同作用的复杂过程,而肿瘤细胞发生雪旺细胞分化、神经营养因子及其受体、神经细胞黏附分子则是该机制研究的热点。同时,整合素、细胞间黏附分子、ECM、MMP及TIMP等因素在肿瘤细胞侵袭神经的过程中所起的作用也不容忽视。随着肿瘤嗜神经侵袭机制研究工作的不断发展,我们对恶性肿瘤NI的分子机制将会有更多的认识。在与肿瘤细胞NI有关的因素中,便于检测的指标被筛选并运用到恶性肿瘤的临床诊治实践中,必将推动肿瘤临床诊治策略的进一步完善。     

Dietary Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA) Induces Satiation by Enhancing the Postprandial Activation of Vagal Afferent Nerves

Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is present in the mammalian brain as the main inhibitory neurotransmitter and in foods. It is widely used as a supplement that regulates brain function through stress-reducing and sleep-enhancing effects. However, its underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood, as it is reportedly unable to cross the blood–brain barrier. Here, we explored whether a single peroral administration of GABA affects feeding behavior as an evaluation of brain function and the involvement of vagal afferent nerves. Peroral GABA at 20 and 200 mg/kg immediately before refeeding suppressed short-term food intake without aversive behaviors in mice. However, GABA administration 30 min before refeeding demonstrated no effects. A rise in circulating GABA concentrations by the peroral administration of 200 mg/kg GABA was similar to that by the intraperitoneal injection of 20 mg/kg GABA, which did not alter feeding. The feeding suppression by peroral GABA was blunted by the denervation of vagal afferents. Unexpectedly, peroral GABA alone did not alter vagal afferent activities histologically. The coadministration of a liquid diet and GABA potentiated the postprandial activation of vagal afferents, thereby enhancing postprandial satiation. In conclusion, dietary GABA activates vagal afferents in collaboration with meals or meal-evoked factors and regulates brain function including feeding behavior.     

Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) association with peripheral artery disease admissions in northeastern United States

Background: Current evidence, on the association of PM_2.5 and peripheral artery disease (PAD) is very sparse. Methods: We use novel PM_2.5 prediction models to investigate associations between chronic and acute PM_2.5 exposures and hospital PAD admissions across the northeast USA. Poisson regression analysis was preformed where daily admission counts in each zip code are regressed against both chronic and acute PM_2.5 exposure, temperature, socio-economic characteristics and time to control for seasonal patterns. Results: Positive significant associations were observed between both chronic and acute exposure to PM_2.5 and PAD hospitalizations. Every 10-μg/m³ increase in acute PM_2.5 exposure was associated with a 0.26 % increase in admissions (CI = 0.08 – 0.45 %) and every 10-μg/m³ increase in chronic PM _2.5 exposure was associated with a 4.4 % increase in admissions (CI = 3.50 – 5.35 %). Conclusions: The study supports the hypothesis that acute and chronic exposure to PM_2.5 can increase the risk of PAD.     

Pancreatic schwannoma: Case report,clinico-pathologic correlation,and review of the literature

Schwannomas are common peripheral nerve sheath tumors that typically occur on the head, neck, trunk, or extremities. Intra-abdominal schwannomas, however, are rare. We describe a young woman who presented for imaging evaluation of suspected nephrolithiasis and was incidentally found to have a schwannoma centered within the pancreatic parenchyma. In addition, we detail the clinical, imaging, and histopathologic features of pancreatic schwannoma and summarize diagnosis and management of this rare clinical entity.     

高速三角破片致猪坐骨神经损伤的特点

目的 探讨高速三角破片致猪坐骨神经损伤的伤情特点. 方法 长白猪14只,体重(34.3±5.2)kg.采用随机数字表法分为A、B两组各7只,用初速为(773.1±12.4)m/s的0.37 g三角破片致伤,分别瞄准猪右后肢外侧坐骨神经体表投影线中点和旁开2 cm射击.观察伤道入口和出口大小、长度,神经与伤道位置关系,伤后48 h观察神经大体及光电镜改变. 结果 破片在伤道内存在不同程度的偏离原射入方向.A、B组分别有5只和1只坐骨神经位于原发伤道内,其中4例出现不间程度断裂;光镜下见神经严重出血水肿、炎细胞浸润,大量神经纤维、轴索断裂,髓鞘着色浅;电镜下见髓鞘严重溃变、轴索变形.A、B组分别有1只和5只位于震荡区内,距原发伤道(2.07±0.45)cm,光镜见神经轻度出血、充血,部分神经纤维、轴索断裂;电镜下可见髓鞘部分分层.A、B组各有1只位于挫伤区内,神经受损程度介于二者之间. 结论 高速三角破片在组织内走行不稳定;其原发伤道内的猪坐骨神经断裂发牛率高,损伤严重,范围广,华勒变性早;位于原发伤道旁的神经亦发生形态学改变,其损害程度与神经和原发伤道距离有关.     

Peripheral Angioplasty as the First-choice Revascularization Procedure in Diabetic Patients with Critical Limb Ischemia: Prospective Study of 993 Consecutive Patients Hospitalized and Followed Between 1999 and 2003

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness of peripheral angioplasty (PTA) as the first-choice revascularisation procedure in diabetic patients with critical limb ischemia (CLI). DESIGN: Prospective study. METHODS: PTA was employed as first choice revascularisation in a consecutive series of diabetic patients hospitalized for CLI between January 1999 and December 2003. RESULTS: PTA was successful performed in 993 patients. Seventeen (1.7%) major amputations were carried out. One death and 33 non-fatal complications were observed. Mean follow-up was 26+/-15 months. Clinical restenosis was observed in 87 patients. The 5 years primary patency was 88%, 95% CI 86-91%. During follow-up 119 (12.0%) patients died at a rate of 6.7% per year. CONCLUSIONS: PTA as the first choice revascularisation procedure is feasible, safe and effective for limb salvage in a high percentage of diabetic patients. Clinical restenosis was an infrequent event and PTA could successfully be repeated in most cases.     

人源性同种异体去细胞外周神经材料标准制备方法的研究

目的 对目前文献报道使用的5种不同方法制备的人源性同种异体去细胞外周神经材料进行综合分析比较其优劣,以确定可供临床使用的标准的制备流程.方法 将人源性神经按5种不同方法进行化学萃取,制备的外周神经支架材料分别行苏木精-伊红(HE)染色、免疫组化(S-100、Col I)和透射电镜、氮含量测定等检测,观察5种方法去除许旺细胞、髓鞘和轴突等抗原成分以及基底膜保存完好的情况.结果 分别萃取2次持续24 h组神经的HE染色显示去除细胞和轴突彻底,纵切片上未见任何细胞,红染的神经内膜呈波浪状纵形排列,轴突、髓鞘结构消失而形成管柱状空隙;S-100染色呈阴性;Col I染色结果可以看出其结构呈松散不规则的棕黄色结构,而其它处理组则结构相对整齐的纵向带状结构.透射电镜显示该组与各处理之间髓鞘去除差异无统计学意义.氮含量测定显示该组蛋白含量比值最低.结论 使用Triton X-100处理24 h再分别脱氧胆酸钠24 h持续萃取2次,可作为供临床使用的制备人源性去细胞同种异体神经支架材料的标准流程.