Stage IV ovarian clear cell adenocarcinoma treated effectively by chemotherapy with etoposide and cisplatin (EP)

We report a case of stage IV ovarian clear cell adenocarcinoma (OCCA) in a 72-year-old woman who was treated postoperatively with etoposide combined with cisplatin (EP). The patient exhibited bulky intrapelvic and para-aortic lymph nodes with metastases to the cervical lymph nodes. The primary lesion was resected and, postoperatively, she received one course of combination chemotherapy consisting of cyclophosphamide, 500 mg/m²; doxorubicin, 50 mg/m²; and cisplatin, 70mg/m² (CAP), followed by six courses of combination chemotherapy consisting of etoposide, 80mg/m² days 1 through 5 and cisplatin, 70 mg/m² on day 5 every 4 weeks. After five courses of EP, the lymph node metastases had virtually disappeared. The patient is now disease-free 21 months after the initial surgery. These findings suggest that EP may be useful in treating OCCA.     

MNNG诱发大鼠腺胃癌模型的建立及p53,ras基因表达的研究

目的建立N一甲基一N’一硝基一N一亚硝基胍（N－methy1－N’－nitro－N－nitrosoguanidine，MNNG）诱发大鼠腺胃癌模型并观察p53，ras基因的表达。方法给Wistar大鼠饮用MNNG水溶液（终浓度为80μg／ml），用ABC法检测P53和P21蛋白的表达。结果MNNG成功地诱发出了胃癌、胃腺瘤、胃息肉、胃粘膜不典型增生和历上皮化生等病变。胃癌肝转移2例，淋巴结转移1例。P53蛋白在肠化及不典型增生皆阴性，胃癌阳性率为50％；P21蛋白在肠化及不典型增生中阳性率为44％，在癌组织中为23％。结论MNNG能诱发大鼠脾胃癌等病变，P53基因突变在胃癌发生发展过程中起一定作用，而ras基因激活是一个早期现象。     

重组人催乳素(rhPRL)在huPBL/SCID嵌合模型中对人直肠癌的治疗效应及免疫机理初探

通过体内实验进一步证实rhPRL对机体免疫功能的调节作用,以及用于过继细胞免疫治疗的可能性。我们选用CB17 SCID纯系小鼠,腹腔注入人结肠腺癌细胞(HT29),2小时后腹腔注入尼龙毛纯化的人淋巴细胞(T/NK细胞),同时开始进行rhPRL治疗,并设HBSS对照和rhIL-2治疗对照组。结果表明,rhPRL在体内外均无直接抗癌效应,反而可促进肿瘤生长。当SCID荷瘤鼠同时移植入人的T/NK细胞时出rhPRL可明显提高T/NK细胞的抗癌效果,生存期明显延长(P<0.05)。平均生存期由70.4天延至112.1天,在对照组全部死亡时(d105),rhPRL治疗组有60％存活,且在实验终止时(>160天)仍有40％存活。分析其抗癌机理发现,rhPRL体外可直接促进人T/NK细胞增殖,其分泌上清可抑制肿瘤生长,同时发现人T/NK细胞与HT29共育4小时中rhPRL亦可直接促进杀伤活性。     

T细胞及相关免疫分子在淋巴细胞趋化因子增强肿瘤自杀基因疗法中的作用

本室以往的研究表明,用腺病毒作为载体将大肠杆菌胞嘧啶脱氨酶(CD)基因与小鼠淋巴细胞趋化因子(Itn)基因联合体内转染,具有显著的抗肿瘤效应.本文对其免疫机理进行了进一步研究,发现CT26结肠腺癌细胞体外经过CD/Ltn基因转染并给予前体药物5-FC后,CT26结肠腺癌细胞表达CD80和CD54分子明显增加,提示经CD自杀基因和Ltn基因联转移后,肿瘤细胞免疫原性增加.荷瘤小鼠体内经联合治疗后,小鼠脾细胞分泌IL-2和IFN-γ明显增加.体内用抗CD4、CD8抗体阻断实验研究结果的表明,联合应用自杀基因和Ltn基因治疗主要通过诱导CD8~ T细胞发挥抗肿瘤作用.     

胃腺癌组织中KAI1/CD82蛋白的表达及其意义

目的 探讨KAI1／CD82蛋白在胃腺癌组织中表达及其与胃癌生物学行为的关系。方法应用免疫组织化学技术S-P法检测68例胃腺癌组织中KAI1／CD82蛋白的表达，以20例非肿瘤性胃黏膜组织作对照。对随访14个月～13年的35例做生存分析。结果 68例胃腺癌组织KAI1／CD82蛋白阳性表达率为26、5％（18／68），对照组胃黏膜组织阳性表达率95．0％（19／20）；高／中分化胃腺癌KAI1／CD82蛋白阳性表达率较低分化者为高，分别为41．4％（12／29）、15．4％（6／39），P〈0．05；无淋巴结转移胃腺癌的KAI1／CD82蛋白阳性表达率较有淋巴结转移者为高，分别为45.5％（10／22）、5.3％（8／46），P〈0.05；侵及黏膜及黏膜下层、肌层和浆膜层胃腺癌KAI1／CD82蛋白阳性表达率分别为66、7％（4／6）、34.8％（8／23）、15.4％（6／39），P〈0.05。KAI1／CD82蛋白在Ⅰ～Ⅱ期胃腺癌阳性表达率为37.0％（17／46），在Ⅲ～Ⅳ期胃腺癌中阳性表达率为13.6％（1／22），P〈0.05。KAI1／CD82蛋白阳性患者术后1、3、5、7、10年生存率分别为100.0％（7／7）、85.7％（6／7）、57.1％（4／7）、42.9％（3／7）和28．6％（2／7），而KAI1／CD82阴性患者术后生存率分别为89、3％（25／28）、42、9％（12／28）、14．3％（14／28）、7．1％（2／28）和3、6％（1／28）。KAI1／CD82蛋白阳性患者术后1、3、5、7和10年生存率比KAI1／CD82阴性患者术后1、3、5、7和10年生存率显著提高，P〈0．05。结论 KAI1／CD82蛋白在胃腺癌的表达与肿瘤浸润深度、分化程度、临床分期及淋巴结转移有关，与患者性别、年龄无关。检测KAI1／CD82蛋白有助于临床评估病情，判断预后。     

卵巢透明细胞癌70例临床特点及预后分析

探讨卵巢透明细胞癌的临床、病理特点及预后,回顾性分析我院1982年1月~2001年12月70例原发性卵巢透明细胞癌患者临床资料,对其临床特点与治疗情况进行总结并对预后进行随访,总结其发病规律及临床特点。卵巢透明细胞癌多以腹痛、腹胀和盆腔包块为主要症状(占就诊者80%),70例患者全部进行手术,满意肿瘤细胞减灭术5年生存率(61.5%)与不满意肿瘤细胞减灭术5年生存率(7.69%)差异有统计学意义。术后病理组织证实单纯透明细胞癌42例,透明细胞癌合并其他上皮性癌28例,合并子宫内膜异位症19例。共65例于术后进行了PT、PAC等化疗。在不同方案、不同疗程比较中,发现PT方案、6个疗程以上化疗组有较高的5年生存率,与PAC组、其他化疗方案组差异有统计学意义,P=0.005。卵巢透明细胞癌临床特点不同于其他的卵巢上皮恶性肿瘤,是上皮癌的一种特殊组织类型,其临床分期早,化疗不敏感,即使是早期亦易复发,预后较差,应引起重视。手术尽量行理想的肿瘤细胞减灭术,术后行6个疗程以上的PT方案化疗,可望改善疗效。     

Neoadjuvant chemotherapy with cisplatin, aclacinomycin A, and mitomycin C for cervical adenocarcinoma – a preliminary study

Between 1989 and 2002, 28 patients with locally advanced cervical adenocarcinoma (bulky IB-IIIB) were recruited for a pilot study aimed at evaluation of the effectiveness of neoadjuvant chemotherapy with cisplatin, aclacinomycin-A, and mitomycin-C (PAM), followed by radical surgery. This regimen was administrated intra-arterially or intravenously. In addition to patients treated with PAM, we retrospectively analyzed the prognoses of 26 patients in stage I and II, who had been treated between 1975 and 1981 with radical surgery with/without radiation therapy. Twenty-eight patients received PAM therapy as neoadjuvant chemotherapy, and 75.0% of the 16 intra-arterially infused patients showed a response, as did 66.7% of the 12 intravenously infused patients. There was a significant difference in the 5-year prognosis of stage II (PAM group, 72.9%; without-PAM group, 36.4%). The results suggest that, as the free space in the parametrium is widened by neoadjuvant chemotherapy with PAM, it is possible that the tumor could be completely resected by radical hysterectomy. Thus, neoadjuvant chemotherapy with PAM is expected to improve the survival rate of patients with advanced cervical adenocarcinoma by the preliminary study. However, the survival rates of stage II with lymph node metastasis in the without-PAM group seem low, and we must also consider that the various technologies to evaluate and treat the cervical adenocarcinomas, e.g. computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and surgical equipments, had improved during 1989-2002 than was the scenario during 1975-1981, and these improvements contributed to better prognosis. A prospective-randomized study is needed to assess the value of this approach compared with standard management.     

Evaluation of PTEN expression in cervical adenocarcinoma by tissue microarray

PTEN, a tumor suppressor gene, appears to negatively control the phosphoinositide 3-kinase signaling pathway for regulation of cell proliferation and cell survival. Somatic PTEN mutations are involved in a variety of tumors, including endometrial carcinomas, where PTEN expression is diminished. We examined expression of PTEN in a series of cervical adenocarcinomas and precursors, using tissue microarray (TMA) technology. TMA blocks were constructed using paraffin-embedded, formalin-fixed tissues from 273 samples derived from 16 normal cervical biopsies, 119 cases of invasive adenocarcinoma, and 20 high-grade cervical glandular intraepithelial neoplasia (CGIN). Fresh 3-mum sections were cut and immunostained with PTEN, and expression was correlated with clinicopathologic variables, including histologic subtypes of adenocarcinoma. In 137 patients, PTEN expression was positive in 121 (88%). The intensity and distribution of PTEN staining in the tumor tissue were more heterogeneous than those observed in the normal tissues. There were no significant differences in distribution or intensity of PTEN expression between adenocarcinoma in situ and subtypes of invasive adenocarcinoma. Our findings show that unlike the case in most endometrial carcinomas, PTEN expression is retained during the process of carcinogenesis in the glandular cervix. There is, however, evidence of altered distribution and intensity of PTEN expression in cervical adenocarcinoma cells.     

What is the difference between squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma of the cervix? A matched case–control study

The objective of this study was to investigate the efficacy of treatment strategies in patients with adenocarcinoma (AC) of the cervix and compare it with those with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the cervix. Women with FIGO (1994) stage IB1 AC, especially pathologic tumor size of 2-4 cm, treated with class III hysterectomy, were compared with those with SCC treated with comparable strategy in a case-controlled study. Eighty patients (20 cases, 60 controls) were analyzed. Lymphvascular space invasion (P = 0.01) and lymph node metastasis (P = 0.07) were more frequent in patients with SCC than in those with AC. However, there was no significant difference in depth of stromal invasion (P = 0.51) and invasion of the parametrium (P = 0.44) between two groups. And there was also no statistically significant difference in disease-free survival (P = 0.86) and overall survival (P = 0.89) between two groups. Primary radical surgery followed by adjuvant therapy, same as for SCC, would be acceptable for AC with pathologic tumor size of 2-4 cm. Although it was difficult to determine whether AC recurred more systemically, more effective treatment strategies than those currently available for AC should be considered to reduce the systemic recurrence.     

耐药肺腺癌细胞株A549/CDDP生物学特性及染色体核型分析

目的 建立氯氨顺铂诱导肺腺癌耐药细胞株A549／CDDP。分析A549／CDDP生物学特性及染色体核型，为肺腺癌的治疗提供实验依据。方法 采用氯氨顺铂（Cis—diaminodichloroplatin，CDDP）大剂量冲击加逐步诱导法建立肺腺癌耐药细胞株A549／CDDP，MTT法检测细胞耐药指数．生物发光法测定细胞能量代谢，流式细胞仪测试细胞周期，染色体G显带技术和光谱核型分析（spectral karyotyping，SKY）技术分析染色体变化。结果 MTT检测结果表明。A549／CDDP对7种不同的化疗药物表现了不同的耐药性，其ATP、ADP、AMP含量显著降低，细胞周期无明显变化。G显带结果表明A549／CDDP染色体为亚三倍体，SKY分析出现数条衍生染色体。结论 CDDP可以成功诱导肺腺癌耐药细胞株A549／CDDP，A549／CDDP衍生染色体可能与肺腺癌耐药有关。