人垂体腺瘤细胞原代培养的纯化

背景与目的：较纯的人垂体腺瘤细胞对垂体腺瘤的生物学特性、病因、发病机制等的研究非常重要，本文探讨原代培养垂体腺瘤的细胞纯化方法。方法：采用三种原代培养方法对垂体腺瘤细胞进行培养，方法Ⅰ为目前常用的垂体瘤细胞培养方法，方法Ⅱ结合使用右旋颉氨酸（D-valine）替代左旋颉氨酸（L-valine）的DMEM D-valine培养液，方法Ⅲ采用反复贴壁法结合DMEM D-valine培养液培养。观察其细胞形态变化和生长特征。免疫组织化学染色法检测培养细胞生长激素（growth hormone，GH）、泌乳素（prolactin，PRL）的表达。结果：3种方法均能成功培养出垂体腺瘤细胞，呈圆形或椭圆形，其纯度随培养时间的延长逐渐下降，培养第20天其平均纯度分别为40％、46％、96％。方法Ⅲ明显高于方法Ⅰ和方法Ⅱ，差异具有显著性意义（P〈0．01）：腺瘤细胞分别呈GH、PRL阳性表达，成纤维细胞表达Ⅰ型胶原。结论：反复贴壁法结合DMEM D-valine培养液培养法可得到纯度达95％以上的人垂体腺瘤细胞，纯化后的细胞可分别呈GH和PRL阳性表达，为进一步研究人垂体腺瘤的发病机理、药物治疗和颅外移植等方面奠定了实验基础。     

蛛网膜下腔吗啡用于剖宫产术后镇痛效果及对血泌乳素的影响

目的观察蛛网膜下腔吗啡用于剖宫产术后镇痛效果及对血泌乳素的影响。方法 40例剖宫产产妇随机分为蛛网膜下腔吗啡镇痛组（Ⅰ组）及术后疼痛时用哌替啶肌注对照组（Ⅱ组）,每组20例。观察术后6、12、24、48h VAS评分以及术后24、48h血浆泌乳素（PRL）水平,另外观察新生儿的Apgar评分及术后恶心呕吐和皮肤瘙痒发生率。结果Ⅰ组的术后镇痛效果明显优于Ⅱ组（P〈0.01）,术后24、48h的PRL水平亦高于Ⅱ组（P〈0.05）。结论蛛网膜下腔吗啡用于剖宫产术后镇痛可取得非常满意的效果,并可促进术后泌乳素的分泌水平。     

Neonatal hypothyroidism caused by maternal nicotine exposure is reversed by higher T3 transfer by milk after nicotine withdraw

Maternal nicotine exposure leads to neonatal hypothyroidism that can be returned to euthyroidism after nicotine withdrawal. Here, we examined the transfer of iodine through milk, deiodinase activities (D1 and D2), and serum T3, T4 and TSH in rat offspring after maternal exposure to nicotine. One day after birth, a minipump was implanted to dams releasing nicotine (NIC), 6 mg/kg/day for 13 days or vehicle saline. Animals were killed at the day 15 and 21 of lactation. At day 15, NIC-treated dams showed decreased T4 and mammary 2 h-radioiodine uptake (RAIU) and increase of TSH, thyroid 2 h-RAIU, liver D1 and mammary D2. At the cessation of NIC-exposure, pups displayed decreased T3, T4 and thyroid 2 h-RAIU and increased TSH. At weaning (21-postnatal day), NIC-treated dams recovered their T4 and TSH, but increased deiodinase level in the liver and mammary gland. Milk T3 content in NIC-treated dams was higher at both day 15 and 21, and thyroid function was recovered at the day 21. Thus, thyroid function was affected by nicotine in both mothers and pups, suggesting a primary hypothyroidism. After nicotine withdrawal, pups recovered thyroid function probably due to the increased lactational transfer of T3 in relation with increased mammary gland deiodinase activities.     

老年人群血清LH、PRL及睾酮变化规律的研究

应用RIA方法．检测627例血清睾酮（T）、促黄体生成素（LH）和泌乳素（PRL）水平．探讨各激素的增龄性变比。结果表明：血清T水平对照组为32．07±14．25nmol／L其它各组随增龄呈进行性降低．且与对照组相比存在显著差异（P＜005）：血清LH水平是随龄增高趋势．且与T变比呈显著负相关（r=－0．21，P＜0．01）。血清PRL水平亦呈现随龄增高趋势。PRL与T（r=－0．12．P＜0.05）、PRL与LH（r=0．11．P＜0．05）呈微弱相关关系。上述结果提示．在男性衰老过程中．T水平逐渐降低．对LH负反馈抑制作用减弱，而引致LH分泌增高．血清PRL对性腺轴激素水平有影响．但其具体作用及作用方式有待进一步研究。     

Expression of pituitary prolactin, growth hormone and somatolactin is modified in response to different stressors (salinity, crowding and food-deprivation) in gilthead sea bream Sparus auratus

Prolactin (PRL), growth hormone (GH) and somatolactin (SL) expression was studied in gilthead sea bream (Sparus auratus) in response to several different stressors (salinity, food deprivation or stocking density). In the first experiment, specimens were acclimated during 100 days at three different environmental salinities: low salinity water (LSW, 6 ppt), brackish water (BW, 12 ppt) and seawater (SW, 38 ppt). Osmoregulatory parameters corresponded to those previously reported for this species under similar osmotic conditions. Pituitary PRL expression increased with decreasing environmental salinity, and was significantly different between SW- and LSW-acclimated fish. Pituitary GH expression was similar between SW- and BW-acclimated fish but decreased in LSW-acclimated specimens. Pituitary SL expression had a “U-shaped” relationship to environmental salinity with the lowest expression in BW-acclimated fish. In a second experiment SW-acclimated specimens were randomly assigned to one of four treatments and maintained for 14 days: (1) fed fish under low density (LD, 4 kg m⁻³); (2) fed fish under high density (HD, 70 kg m⁻³); (3) food deprived fish under LD; and (4) food deprived fish under HD. Plasma glucose and cortisol levels corresponded to those previously reported in S. auratus under similar experimental conditions. Pituitary PRL and SL expression increased in fish maintained under HD and decreased in food deprived fish. In conclusion, an effect of environmental salinity on pituitary PRL and GH expression has been demonstrated. In addition, crowding stress seems to interact with food deprivation in S. auratus and this is reflected by changes in pituitary PRL, GH and SL expression levels.     

急性精神分裂症中枢5-HT功能状态的研究

目的：探讨急性精神分裂症中枢5-HT的功能状态，并了解与临床症状间的关系。方法：通过帕罗西汀激发实验，以催乳素（PRL）作为应答指标；精神症状采用阳性和阴性综合征量表（PANSS）进行评定。结果：（1）急性组PRL基础水平符合正态分布，且明显低于慢性对照组，与健康对照组比较无显差异。（2）急性组激发后的PRL含量虽有增高趋势，但缺乏显意义；与慢性和健康两个对照组比较，均有显差异。（3）急性组PRL水平、AUC（曲线下面积）以及激发反应值与PANSS多介无明显相关关系。结论：与慢性精神分裂症相比，急性精神分裂症中枢5-HT的功能可能更加亢进；但与精神症状之间尚缺乏明显的相关关系。     

男性不育症患者血清TNF-α、T、FSH、PRL检测的临床意义

目的：探讨男性不育症患者血清TNF-α、T、FSH、PRL水平的变化及临床意义。方法：应用放射免疫分析对36例男性不育症患者进行了血清TNF-α、T、FSH、PRL检测,并与35例男性正常人作比较。结果：男性不育症患者血清T水平非常显著地低于男性正常人组（P〈0.01）,而TNFα-、FSH、PRL水平又非常显著地高于男性正常人组（P〈0.01）,血清TNF-α水平与T水平呈负相关（r=-0.5184,P〈0.01）,与FSH、PRL水平呈正相关（r=0.6184、0.5925,P〈0.01）。结论：检测男性不育症患者血清TNF-α、T、FSH、PRL水平的变化对诊断、预后判断及治疗均有较大的临床价值。     

胶质细胞生长因子、神经生长因子与泌乳素垂体瘤生长特性的相关性研究

目的探讨胶质细胞生长因子（GGF）、神经生长因子（NGF）与垂体腺瘤临床生物学特性的关系。对术前、术后生长作预测。方法免疫组织化学法分析GGF、NGF在86例泌乳素垂体瘤（PRL）中的表达,分析GGF、NGF的表达与PRL水平、垂体腺瘤微血管密度、侵袭性及卒中等的关系。用GGF、NGF分别干预不同阶段的PRL细胞,观察细胞生长、周期变化及血管生成情况。通过相关分析及卡方检验证明肿瘤生长速率与GGF、NGF有无相关性。结果GGF在卒中组、侵袭性垂体腺瘤、复发PRL中均强阳性表达（P〈0．05）,微血管密度明显升高（P〈0．01）。NGF在卒中组、侵袭性垂体腺瘤、高泌乳素水平垂体腺瘤中的表达明显低于非卒中组、非侵袭性垂体腺瘤、低泌乳素水平的垂体腺瘤（P〈0．05）;在NGF作用下,微血管密度明显降低（P〈0．05）。GGF均与生长速率呈显著正相关,而NGF与PRL卒中、侵袭性呈负相关。结论GGF是促进PRL生长及侵袭性的重要因素之一,NGF能部分抑制PRL细胞的增殖。2者能间接反映PRL的增殖活性,为临床上评价PRL侵袭性、复发、治疗及预后提供重要的参考指标。     

IL-1对离体培养人子宫内膜间质细胞催乳素分泌的影响

目的 观察白细胞介素-1(IL-1)对体外培养的人子宫内膜间质细胞催乳素(PRL)分泌的影响,以探讨IL-1对女性生殖生理的调节作用。方法 采用免疫组化染色方法对腺上皮细胞和间质细胞进行鉴定。结果 腺上皮细胞角蛋白(Keratin)染色呈阳性反应,间质细胞波形蛋白(Vimentin)染色呈阳性。结论 IL-1可以抑制离体培养人子宫内膜间质细胞PRL的产生,并随浓度增加抑制作用增强。     

磁分离酶联免疫测定男性生殖激素方法性能评价

目的：对磁分离酶联免疫测定（MAIA）法测定男性生殖激素的方法学性能作临床和实验室评价。方法：将本法与放射免疫测定（RIA）法进行对比研究。结果：MAIA法测定促卵泡生成激素（FSH）、促黄体生成素（LH）、睾酮（T）和催乳素（PRL）的线性分别为0－150IU／L、0－200IU／L、0．5－55ng/L、0－250ng/L；最小检测量分别为0．3mIU/ml、0．25mIU/ml、4μIU/ml、4μIU/ml；批内CV＜4％，批间CV＜8％，平均回收率偏差＜5％，互感率＜3％；与RIA法比较，两法相关系数分别为0．9826、0．8550、0．8512、0．9831。临床质控观察60d，质控稳定；成年健康男性（n=95）血清FSH、LH、T、PRL的参考范围分别为：0．25－10．18IU／L、0．33－8．95IU／L、0．54－11．11ng/L和8．77－33．43ng/L。结论：用MAIA法测定男性生殖激素，方法灵敏，结果可靠，先例临床要求。