Percutaneous Closure of a Large PDA in a 35‐Year‐Old Man with Elevated Pulmonary Vascular Resistance

The presence of a large patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) may result in significant pulmonary hypertension, which may not be reversible. We present the case of a 35‐year‐old man with pulmonary hypertension who had successful percutaneous closure of a large PDA with an Amplatzer muscular ventricular septal defect occluder and resolution of his pulmonary hypertension. The use of prior balloon test occlusion of the PDA suggested that the procedure would be successful, despite the lack of an immediate fall in the pulmonary artery pressure.     

微创非体外循环房间隔缺损封堵术的临床应用

目的总结我院微创非体外循环房间隔缺损封堵术的临床应用经验。方法对10例继发孔型房间隔缺损(ASD)患者进行微创非体外循环房间隔缺损封堵术。全麻下右侧胸骨旁第4肋间4-6cm切口,食管超声(TEE)测量房间隔缺损最长径,选择适当封堵伞,TEE监测下释放封堵伞,了解有无残余分流等异常。结果10例患者手术均成功,术中未发生任何并发症,术后复查心彩超未见残余分流。2例出现术后高血压,给与降压对症治疗,1例中度肺动脉高压复查心彩超肺动脉压明显下降,术后右心大小较术前有减小。结论微创非体外循环房间隔缺损封堵术是一种微创手术治疗方法,值得推广、发展。     

Percutaneous Closure of a Prosthetic Pulmonary Paravalvular Leak

Paravalvular leak following prosthetic valve surgery has the potential to cause serious complications such as hemolysis and congestive heart failure. Successful percutaneous closures of prosthetic mitral and aortic paravalvular leaks have been performed as an alternative to reoperation. This case represents the first known report of successful percutaneous closure of a prosthetic pulmonary paravalvular leak in an adult patient with a history of congenital heart disease using two muscular ventricular septal defect occluder devices.     

Results of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration Continued Access Clinical Trial of the GORE HELEX Septal Occluder for Secundum Atrial Septal Defect

ObjectivesThis report describes the immediate, 1-, and 5-year follow-up results of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration Continued Access clinical trial of the GORE HELEX Septal Occluder (W. L. Gore & Associates, Inc., Flagstaff, Arizona) for closure of secundum atrial septal defect.BackgroundThe trial was conducted between May 2003 and August 2006 to allow continued enrollment in a trial of the investigational device during review of data from the Pivotal Trial. Devices with hydrophilic coating on the expanded polytetrafluoroethylene to improve echocardiographic visualization were first used in this trial.MethodsA total of 137 devices were implanted in 137 patients at 13 US institutions. Evaluations were scheduled at 1, 6, and 12 months for the initial trial and at 36 and 60 months for a later extension of the trial in those who consented to longer term evaluations.ResultsTwelve-month follow-up was completed on 122 of 126 patients with implantations, and 5-year follow-up on 83 of 95 patients who agreed to the trial extension. The overall clinical success rate was 96.7%, and the major adverse event rate 3.6%. Wire frame fractures were seen in 11.7% of patients with no clinical symptoms. A trivial, clinically insignificant leak was seen, or could not be ruled out, in 26.6% of patients at the 5-year evaluation, but no clinically significant leaks were seen. No patient experienced an erosion or sudden catastrophic event.ConclusionsThe immediate, 1-, and 5-year follow-up outcomes of the Continued Access clinical trial continue to demonstrate that the GORE HELEX Septal Occluder is a safe and effective transcatheter occluder for repair of ostium secundum atrial septal defect.     

经胸小切口封堵房间隔缺损手术效果观察

目的总结经胸小切口封堵房间隔缺损手术经验与疗效。方法2001年5月~2005年9月,我院采用非体外循环经胸小切口治疗房间隔缺损206例,房间隔缺损直径4.8~44.3 mm,其中>30 mm 100例,房间隔缺损伴膨出瘤2例。右侧第4肋间做2~3 cm小切口,显露右心房并在其外侧壁荷包缝合,将双腔推送导管穿刺入右心房,在食管超声引导下经房间隔缺损送入左心房,并释放直径比房间隔缺损最大径大4 mm的镍钛记忆合金封堵器,退出推送导管。结果206例均顺完成手术。手术时间18~32(26±7)m in。无手术死亡,无封堵器脱落。术后5 h拔除气管插管,患者当日即可下床活动。术后3 d复查彩色多普勒,无残余分流。术后住院(4±2)d。186例随访6个月,57例随访3~4.5年,病人恢复良好,彩色多普勒显示均无残余分流,心功能均正常。结论经胸小切口封堵方法治疗房间隔缺损安全可靠,适用于不能介入封堵的房间隔缺损治疗。     

实时三维经食管超声心动图测定房间隔缺损最大径的价值评估

目的:探讨实时三维经食管超声心动图(real-time three-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography,RT3DTEE)在测量房间隔缺损(atrial septal defect,ASD)最大径中的应用价值。方法:前瞻性分析2011年1月至2014年6月单中心筛查的继发孔中央型单孔ASD并接受封堵术患者的临床资料。比较RT3D-TEE、二维经胸超声心动图(two-dimensional transthoracic echocardiography,2D-TTE)、二维经食管超声心动图(two-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography,2DTEE)测得的ASD最大径,并将三者与封堵器释放后的实际腰部直径进行相关性分析。结果:共31例患者入选,经RT3DTEE[(21.81±8.57)mm]、2D-TEE[(20.31±8.50)mm]、2D-TTE[(23.08±10.89)mm]测得的缺损最大径与封堵器释放后实际腰部直径[(20.99±8.15)mm]比较,差异均无统计学意义。经RT3D-TEE、2D-TEE、2D-TTE测得的缺损最大径与实际腰部直径均高度相关,相关系数(r值)分别为0.902、0.981、0.897(P=0.000)。结论:RT3D-TEE在测定ASD最大径方面较二维超声并无明显优势。     

Newly designed occluder pin for presacral hemorrhage

Conventional hemostatic measures are often unsatisfactory in presacral venous bleeding occurring during surgical mobilization of the rectum. We designed a new type of hemorrhage occluder pin, with a ridged shaft, which may be rapidly placed into the sacrum to control hemorrhage. The aims of this study were 1) to assess the best pin shaft length by measuring the thickness of human sacral vertebral bodies, 2) to measure the forces needed to pull the newly designed pin out of the human sacrum compared with conventionally shaped titanium thumb-tacks, and 3) to assess clinically the efficacy of the new device. Four fresh cadaveric pelves were isolated and cut on a sagittal plane, and the thickness of each vertebral body was measured. Titanium pins, both with ridged and with smooth shafts, were used. Twelve-millimeter-shaft pins were used for S1 and S2, and 7-mm pins were used for S3, S4, and S5. Pins were inserted into each sacral vertebra, and the forces needed to extract them from the bone were measured by computerized dynamometry. Significantly more force was required to extract ridged vs. smooth pins, both with 12-mm and with 7-mm shafts. There was no significant difference between the forces needed to pull out 12-mm vs. 7-mm pins. The new pin was successfully used to stop presacral hemorrhage in three patients with no complications one, three, and six months after surgery. This newly designed hemorrhage occluder pin may represent an improved method of controlling presacral venous hemorrhage.Poster presentation at the meeting of The American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons, Boston, Massachusetts, May 12 to 17, 1991.     

Hybrid procedure with cardiopulmonary bypass for muscular ventricular septal defects in children

Objective: To summarize the technique and clinical experience of the hybrid procedure with cardiopulmonary bypass in children with muscular ventricular septal defect (mVSD). Methods: From January 2006 to June 2010, 45 cases of mVSD underwent hybrid procedures with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) under the guidance of transesophageal echocardiography. mVSDs were closed with devices under direct vision in the 45 cases. Fourteen patients had another lesion that required surgical repair. Large membranous VSDs were closed with a pericardial patch after the initiation of CPB in 38 cases. Results: Out of the 45 cases, 42 had only one occluder and three had two occluders. The size of the device for mVSD closure ranged from 3 to 8 mm. All cases recovered smoothly after treatment without residual shunting, aortic or mitral valve regurgitation, or restriction of surrounding structures. All the children survived the operation with no late deaths during the follow-up. Conclusion: The hybrid procedure is safe and effective for the closure of congenital heart defects in children.     

The Changes of Left Ventricular Form and Function After Closure of Moderateto Large-sized Patent Ductus Arteriosus Using Domestic-made Occluder

Objectives To evaluate the changes of the left ventricular form and function after closure of moderate- to large-sized patent ductus arteriosus （PDA） using domestic-made occluder. Methods 22 patients with PDA underwent procedure successfuly using the domestic-made occluder. The mean PDA minimal （pulmonary end） diameter by aortography was 8.01±2.47 mm （range 4 to 15.5mm）. All patients underwent transthoracic echocardiography （TTE） study before the procedure and the following 48 hours, 3 months after procedure. Results All patients had been implanted the domestic-made occluders successfully with no haematolysis, infective endocarditis, recanalization and other complications. At 3 months, mean LVED was decreased to 50.05±6.55 mm, compared to the pre-procedure （55.67 ±8.48 mm）, P 〈 0.01. After 48 hours of the procedure, mean LVEDD and LVESD decreased significantly （156.22± 51.40 mL vs. 121.28±35.73ml, 57.16±32.07 mL vs. 45.88±15.97 mL）, P〈 0.05. At 3 months, LVEDD decreased to 110.93 ±15.08ml, LVSV reached 73.50± 9.19 mL, compared to the pre-procedure, P 〈 0.01. LVESD decreased to 37.43±10.44 mL at 3 months, P〈 0.05. Conclusions Closuring of moderate- to largesized PDA using domestic-made occluder is effective and safe. After procedure, left ventricular form and function improved.     

经导管同期治疗复合型先天性心脏病的疗效和安全性

目的:探讨经导管介入同期治疗复合型先天性心脏病的可行性、方法及疗效.方法:13例患者,男5例,女8例.其中房间隔缺损(ASD)合并肺动脉瓣狭窄6例,ASD合并动脉导管未闭(PDA)4例,ASD合并膜部室间隔缺损2例,PDA合并肺动脉瓣狭窄1例.ASD合并其他畸形的患者,均先治疗其他畸形,最后行ASD封堵.PDA合并肺动脉瓣狭窄者,先行肺动脉瓣狭窄球囊扩张术,最后封堵PDA.结果:13例患者均经导管一次治疗成功.ASD合并肺动脉瓣狭窄6例,跨肺动脉瓣压差由术前平均(138.3±41.4)mmHg下降到术后平均(12.0±5.6)mmHg,有显著性差异(P＜0.01).所用ASD封堵器直径为8～24 mm.ASD合并PDA4例,PDA最窄径2～5 mm,封堵器直径为6～8 mm;ASD封堵器直径为8～28 mm.ASD合并膜部室间隔缺损2例,室间隔缺损直径分别为3.5 mm和5.0 mm,用直径6 mm和8 mm的双盘状室间隔缺损封堵器封堵成功,所用ASD封堵器的直径为12 mm和18 mm.1例PDA合并轻度肺动脉瓣狭窄,用聚乙烯球囊扩张、PDA用4 mm封堵器治疗成功.结论:经导管介入同期治疗复合型先天性心脏病具有技术上的可行性、安全性和良好的治疗效果.