Role of H+ ions in volume and voltage of epithelial cell nuclei

Condensation of chromatin depends upon the ion composition in the cell nucleus. We tested in isolated nuclei of Madin-Darby canine kidney cells the influence of various ions on nuclear volume (i. e. DNA packing) and intranuclear voltage. After isolation, nuclei were superfused with cytosolic solutions in which Na⁺, K⁺, Ca²⁺ and H⁺ ions were varied. With video-imaging and microelectrode techniques nuclear volume and intranuclear potential were measured in response to the various ions. In control cytosolic solution, isolated nuclei exhibited an intranuclear electrical potential of –6.5±0.5 mV (relative to a reference electrode in the cytosolic solution) corresponding to a nuclear volume of 250±10 fl (n=104). Changing the Na⁺, K⁺ or free Ca²⁺ concentration in the superfusate in the physiological range resulted in minor changes of volume and intranuclear potential whereas pH altered both parameters dramatically. Nuclear swelling and intranuclear negative voltage increased with alkalinization and decreased when pH was reduced. An intact nuclear envelope was found to be no prerequisite for maintaining intranuclear negativity, indicating that the composition and functional state of nuclear chromatin rather than specific ion permeabilities of the nuclear envelope determine nuclear electrical potential. We present a model that explains nuclear volume and voltage on the basis of interaction between negatively charged DNA and positively charged histones of the nuclear chromatin.     

核辐射对机体的影响

机体受到一定剂量核辐射后会出现多个器官结构和功能的改变.本文综述了机体受到低剂量核辐射后出现的免疫细胞数量和功能变化,包括淋巴细胞总数和部分亚群数量、淋巴细胞转化率、血清免疫球蛋白含量以及单核细胞功能等变化.同时还综述了核辐射对内分泌及遗传的影响.     

线扫描直接数字化X线摄影原理与应用

目的 探讨线扫描直接数字化X线摄影的工作原理与实用价值。方法 以多丝正比室线扫描X线摄影系统为基础，分析线扫描直接数字化X线摄影的适用性。结果 线扫描成像技术克服了散射线造成的干扰，且探测灵敏度和精密度分辨率高。结论 线扫描成像技术适合于除了动态摄影以外的各种数字X线摄影，对我国常规X线摄影逐步实现数字化开辟了美好的前景。     

党参多糖介导Nrf2通路对缺氧缺血性脑损伤的抗氧化和神经保护作用

目的　研究党参多糖对缺氧缺血性脑损伤的抗氧化和神经保护作用及其机制。 方法　采用Rice法建立HIBI模型。假手术组和模型组灌胃给予生理盐水，模型加药组灌胃给予党参多糖。分别进行神经功能学评分，观察脑积水量，脑组织病理学改变，神经元细胞凋亡情况，脑组织脂质过氧化物水平，抗氧化和神经保护相关蛋白表达水平。 结果　党参多糖能显著改善模型大鼠神经功能、脑水肿（P<0.01）和病理改变，降低细胞凋亡率（P<0.01）和Bax表达（P<0.01），降低LDH和MDA含量（P<0.01）；同时，上调Bcl-2表达（P<0.01）和SOD活性（P<0.01），增加bFGF、BDNF、PSD95、SYP、Nrf2和HO-1表达（P<0.01）。 结论　党参多糖对缺氧缺血性脑损伤具有抗氧化和神经保护作用，可能与介导Nrf2信号通路相关。     

Ras homolog gene family H (RhoH) deficiency induces psoriasis-like chronic dermatitis by promoting TH17 cell polarization

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Studies on homologous recombination in the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii

The introduction of exogenous DNA into the nuclear genome of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii occurs predominantly via non-homologous (illegitimate) recombination and results in integration at apparently-random loci. Using truncated and modified versions of the C. reinhardtii ARG7 gene in a series of transformation experiments, we demonstrate that homologous recombination between introduced DNA molecules occurs readily in C. reinhardtii, requires a region of homology of no more than 230 bp, and gives rise to intact copies of ARG7 in the nuclear genome. Evidence is presented for homologous recombination between introduced ARG7 DNA and the resident copy of the gene, and for the de-novo synthesis of the ARG7 sequence during transformation.     

血清内皮素-1作为早期放射性肺损伤标志物的探讨

目的:探讨内皮素-1(ET-1)作为一种早期放射性肺损伤诊断及病情变化的血清学标志物的可能性。方法:将190只雌性SD大鼠随机分为正常对照组(C组)和实验组,即:放射组(R组)、氟代他汀(Flu)干预组(Flu组)、维甲酸干预组(Ra组)及地塞米松(Dex)干预组(Dex组)。实验组大鼠麻醉固定后,用直线加速器全胸照射15Gy1次,剂量率为2Gy/min,距离为1m。从照射后次日开始,Flu组经胃灌服Flu(20mg·kg-1·d-1),Ra组灌服Ra(20mg·kg-1·d-1),Dex组灌服Dex(3.33mg·kg-1·d-1),C及R组均灌服等量的生理盐水。各组分别于照射后5、15、30、60d,将大鼠分批断头或经心内穿刺取血,分离血清;同时切取肺组织,用放射测定法(RIA)分别测定ET1,层黏连蛋白(LN)及透明质酸(HA)的水平;同时观察肺部的病理变化。结果:与C组相比较,R组大鼠血清ET-1的水平于照射后第5天开始升高(P<0.05),尔后随着放射性肺损伤的加重逐渐升高,于照射后60d检测达高峰。R组大鼠血清LN的水平于照射后30d开始升高,HA于照射后60d开始升高。R组大鼠血清ET-1水平的升高明显早于其他各组,且同放射性肺损伤的病理变化的程度相关。结论:血清ET-1可作为放射性肺损伤早期诊断及动态监测病情变化的一种标志物。     

Expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase induced by lipid-associated membrane proteins of Ureaplasma urealyticum is regulated by nuclear factor κB-mediated mechanism in murine macrophages

U.urealyticumisthesmallestprokaryoticorgan ismcapableofself replication.Thetinymicroor ganismcouldbeisolatedfromurogenital,placen tasandtherespiratorytractsofpreterminfants.Moreover,U.urealyticuminfectionmaybein volvedinnon specificurethritis(NSU),prostati tis,postpartumfever,infertility,pelvicinflamma torydisease,neonatalpneumoniaandevenchronic lungdisease(CLD)[1].ItisknownthatU.urealyticumlackscellwallstructureandcontains abundantmembraneproteins,butitspathogenicity isstillunknownclearly.…     

The innate immune response under the control of the LXR pathway

Macrophages play essential roles in infection and resolution of inflammation. This review summarizes recent findings that suggest a relevant role for the nuclear receptor liver X receptor (LXR) in the evolution of immune responses. By exerting both positive and negative regulation of specific macrophage gene expression networks, LXRs display anti-inflammatory activities and promote macrophage survival in bacterial infection settings. Agonists that activate the LXR pathway may be used to enhance innate immunity to highly virulent pathogens that otherwise induce macrophage apoptosis as a means to subvert host immune defense.