噪声性听力损失易感性与SOD2单核苷酸多态性的关联

目的 探讨噪声性听力损失(NIHL)易感性与中国汉族人群SOD2 rs2842980、rs5746136、rs2758331、rs4880和rs5746092单核苷酸多态性之间的关联.方法 利用病例对照研究,通过比较同一噪声接触强度作业人员的左耳3000 Hz频段听阈位移情况,筛选出听阈位移最大的10%个体作为易感人群组,共201例,听阈位移最小的10%个体作为耐受人群组,共202例,并进行相关的职业卫生调查和问卷调查.抽取易感人群和耐受人群空腹外周静脉血5 ml用于Qiagen试剂盒抽提基因组DNA,TaqMan探针法化学荧光等位基因鉴别试验检测SNP.结果 SOD2基因SNP rs4880 C等位基因是NIHL的危险因素,与T等位基因相比,OR值为1.76,95%CI为1.17～2.63,P=0.006.携带CC和CT基因型的个体患NIHL的风险是TT基因型的2.24倍,95%C/为1.43-3.50,校正混杂因素后仍可发现CC和CT基因型是NIHL的保护因素,与TT基因型相比,OR(95%CI)为2.45(1.51～3.96).结论 在中国汉族人群中,噪声性听力损失易感性与SOD2线粒体靶向定位序列的rs4880单核苷酸多态性有关.     

Olea europaea L. leaf extract mitigates oxidative and histological damage in rat heart tissue exposed to combined noise and toluene: An experimental study

In many occupational settings, workers are frequently exposed to toluene and noise. However, the individual and combined effects of these exposures on the cardiovascular system have not been fully elucidated. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the impact of simultaneous exposure to toluene and noise on the rat heart, while also evaluating the potential preventive effect of olive leaf extract (OLE). Forty-eight male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to eight groups (n = 6/group): control group (C), control group that received OLE (C + OLE), group exposed to noise (N), group exposed to noise and receiving OLE (N + OLE), group exposed to toluene (T), group exposed to toluene and receiving OLE (T + OLE), group co-exposed to noise and toluene (NT), and group co-exposed to noise and toluene and receiving OLE (NT + OLE). The rats in this study were subjected to simultaneous exposure to toluene and noise for a duration of six weeks, within a custom-built plexiglass chamber. Toluene was administered at a concentration of 300 ppm, while the noise level was set to 85 dB(A). The exposure chamber was equipped with a generation system, an exposure system, and a monitoring system, ensuring precise and accurate exposure conditions. After the six-week period, heart and blood samples were collected from the rats for subsequent analysis. Plasma levels of cholesterol (CHOL), triglycerides (TG), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and creatine kinase (CK) were measured, and histopathological investigation was conducted using HE staining. Additionally, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities, as well as malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in heart tissue were measured. Our results showed that simultaneous exposure to noise and toluene altered CHOL, TG, LDH, and CK levels, and also caused an increase in lipid peroxidation levels and superoxide dismutase activity, along with a decrease in catalase activity in the heart. A significant alteration in the myocardium was also observed. However, treatment with OLE was found to modulate these oxidative and histological changes, ultimately correcting the deleterious effects induced by the combined exposure to noise and toluene. Therefore, our study suggests that OLE could be a potential preventive measure for individuals exposed to toluene and noise in industrial settings.     

The associations between traffic-related air pollution and noise with blood pressure in children: Results from the GINIplus and LISAplus studies

Although traffic emits both air pollution and noise, studies jointly examining the effects of both of these exposures on blood pressure (BP) in children are scarce. We investigated associations between land-use regression modeled long-term traffic-related air pollution and BP in 2368 children aged 10 years from Germany (1454 from Munich and 914 from Wesel). We also studied this association with adjustment of long-term noise exposure (defined as day–evening–night noise indicator “Lden” and night noise indicator “Lnight”) in a subgroup of 605 children from Munich inner city. In the overall analysis including 2368 children, NO₂, PM_2.5 mass (particles with aerodynamic diameters below 2.5 μm), PM₁₀ mass (particles with aerodynamic diameters below 10 μm) and PM_2.5 absorbance were not associated with BP. When restricting the analysis to the subgroup of children with noise information (N = 605), a significant association between NO₂ and diastolic BP was observed (−0.88 (95% confidence interval: −1.67, −0.08)). However, upon adjusting the models for noise exposure, only noise remained independently and significantly positively associated with diastolic BP. Diastolic BP increased by 0.50 (−0.03, 1.02), 0.59 (0.05, 1.13), 0.55 (0.03, 1.07), and 0.58 (0.05, 1.11) mmHg for every five decibel increase in Lden and by 0.59 (−0.05, 1.22), 0.69 (0.04, 1.33), 0.64 (0.02, 1.27), and 0.68 (0.05, 1.32) mmHg for every five decibel increase in Lnight, in different models of NO₂, PM_2.5 mass, PM₁₀ mass and PM_2.5 absorbance as the main exposure, respectively. In conclusion, air pollution was not consistently associated with BP with adjustment for noise, noise was independently and positively associated with BP in children.     

空气负离子对豚鼠噪声性听力损失的保护作用

目的：探索预防性吸入空气负离子对噪声性听力损失的保护作用和听力恢复规律。方法：选用听力正常豚鼠６３只耳，随机分为三个组，分别预先吸入空气负离子（浓度为０．９６ｘ１０６～１．０７ｘ１０６／ｃｍ３２ｈ／ｄｘ１１～１３）然后给与三种不同白噪声暴露（１１５ｄＢＳＰＬ０．５ｈ，１１５ｄＢＳＰＬ１ｈ及１１８ｄＢＳＰＬ１ｈ），并动态测定噪声暴露后８、２４、４８、７２、９６小时与８、２１、３１、４５天豚鼠的皮层听阈。结果：预防性吸入空气负离子具有减轻噪声件听力损失、促进听力恢复的作用；尤其对强噪声暴露（１１８ｄＢＳＰＬ１ｈ）所产生的听力损伤，吸与不吸空气负离子两组之间有非常显著的差异（Ｐ＜０．０１），吸空气负离子组豚鼠的听力大部分为暂时性阈移（ＴＴＳ），而不吸空气负离子的对照组则留有１８．２ｄＢ不可恢复的永久性阈移（ＰＴＳ）。结论：预先吸入空气负离子对噪声性听力损失有明显的保护效果，实验结果为进一步研究其保护作用及机理提供了理论依据和新途径。     

洛阳某高科技有限公司超纯多晶硅制造企业职业卫生现状调查与评价

目的识别、分析和评价洛阳某高科技有限公司超纯多晶硅制造企业产生的职业病危害因素及其危害程度,提出相应的防护对策与措施,防止和控制职业病的发生。方法依据相关法律、法规和规范标准,采用现场职业卫生调查和检验检测法。结果该企业生产过程中产生或存在的主要职业病危害因素有粉尘（石灰石粉尘、单质硅粉尘）、化学因素（氯化氢及盐酸、氟化氢、二氧化氮、氢氧化钠、氢氧化钾、氨）、物理因素（噪声、高频电磁场、工频电场）。检测结果显示粉尘检测合格率为100%,化学因素检测合格率为100%,高频电磁场、工频电场的检测合格率均为100%,噪声检测合格率为47%。该企业对接触职业病危害因素的100名作业人员进行了职业健康检查,未发现目标疾病。结论噪声与氯化氢是该企业存在的主要职业病危害因素,尽管采取了相应的职业病防护措施,但仍存在较严重的噪声强度超标现象,针对存在的问题,用人单位应按照相应法律、法规的要求,并结合建议要求进行整改与落实,使其工作场所中职业病危害因素的浓度（或强度）达到国家规定职业卫生限值的要求,预防与控制职业病的发生。     

广州市某汽车制造企业噪声危害的特点

目的深入了解汽车制造企业的噪声危害程度及其对工人健康产生的影响,探讨对噪声强度产生影响的因素。方法采用多次横断面调查,分析某汽车制造企业2008—2012年的噪声强度监测数据及接触噪声工人的职业健康检查结果。结果不同工种所接触到的噪声强度的差异有统计学意义（F=10.098,P〈0.01）,冲压工的电测听异常率最高（9.8%）,单纯接触噪声和接触毒物联合噪声的工人电测听异常率的差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论车间中噪声的强度除了与设备、工艺有关外,还与生产岗位的布局有关;职业病危害因素对人体的危害具有累积性和延迟性。     

河南省某金矿选矿厂职业病危害因素与职业病现状调查

目的监测河南省某金矿选矿厂的职业病危害因素现状及其对工人健康的影响,为加强职业健康监护和劳动防护措施提供依据。方法按照GBZ159-2004的采样要求进行采样;按照GBZ/T 192-2007对粉尘进行检测;按照GBZ/T189.8-2007对噪声进行检测,分析工作场所中职业病危害因素对劳动者健康的影响。结果该厂下料工、破碎工、皮带工作业场所中粉尘浓度分别为2.1、5.8和6.8 mg/m^3,超出GBZ 2.1-2007的要求;破碎工、皮带工、球磨工、浮选工作业场所中噪声强度分别为94.2、92.8、91.9和90.8 dB（A）,超出GBZ 2.2-2007的要求;职业健康检查项目中B超（肝脏损伤）、心电图、胸片、血常规异常率分别为11.6%、9.3%、2.3%和4.6%。结论该厂职业病危害因素超标严重,对劳动者健康有一定的影响;整体防护和个体防护需进一步加强和重视。     

某汽车部件有限公司新建项目职业病危害控制效果评价

目的通过了解该建设项目所产生的职业病危害因素及其危害程度,评价其防护对策和管理措施,提出预防职业病危害的建议。方法采用职业卫生调查方法、检查表法和职业病危害检测,全面客观对该项目的职业病危害控制效果作出评价。结果该项目所存在的主要职业病危害因素有:锰及其化合物、铬及其化合物、镍及其化合物,一氧化碳、二氧化碳、一氧化氮、二氧化氮、臭氧、苯、甲苯、二甲苯、乙酸乙酯,粉尘(电焊烟尘)、噪声、高温、工频电场、紫外辐射等。其中化学毒物和粉尘的合格率为100%,噪声合格率为42.59%,其他物理因素合格率为100%。结论本项目属一般职业病危害的建设项目,仍需进一步改进和完善噪声防护措施。     

肇庆市某金属加工厂噪声从业人员神经衰弱综合征患病率的调查

目的了解噪声与神经衰弱综合征患病率关系。方法选取2013年1—6月在肇庆市疾病预防控制中心进行职业健康检查的肇庆市某金属加工厂4个车间共360名噪声暴露从业人员为观察组,以同单位非噪声作业工人180人为对照组,进行神经衰弱综合征的对照检查及统计分析。结果观察组神经衰弱综合征检出率（51．6％）明显高于对照组（16．1％）,两组差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）,且噪声强度与神经衰弱综合征患病率之间存在剂量一反应关系,经logistic回归模型分析,接触噪声的强度是影响神经衰弱综合征发病的主要因素,而与工龄、年龄无明显联系。经对照分析,噪声作业组不同性别间神经衰弱综合征患病率无明显差异。结论噪声强度与神经衰弱综合征患病率呈正相关,为影响神经衰弱综合征发生的主要因素。     

综合康复治疗对噪声聋患者心理健康的影响

目的观察康复干预对噪声聋患者心理、睡眠质量等方面的影响。方法从淄博市职业病防治院已确诊噪声聋患者中选取92名患者,对所有患者进行初步评定,包括纯音听阈测听、匹斯堡睡眠质量评定PSQI、症状自评量表（SCL-90）评定。将92例患者随机分为康复组和对照组各46例,全部患者均给予常规对症治疗。康复组每天进行耳区穴位按摩、音乐噪声掩蔽、放松训练、健康教育和转移注意力等康复治疗。结果治疗前2组纯音听阈测听、匹斯堡睡眠质量评定、SCL-90评分差异无统计学意义,康复治疗2个月后康复组心理（（SCL-90））及睡眠质量评分均较康复前有明显提高（P〈0．01）。康复组与对照组SCL-90评分别为143．7±6．76和165．2±6．72,差异有统计学意义（t=15．30,P〈0．01）;PSQI评分分别为6±2．56和9±3．49,差异亦有统计学意义（t=4．70,P〈0．01）。结论对噪声聋患者进行系统的康复治疗能明显改善心理感受,提高生活质量。