慢性持续期支气管哮喘患者外周血中性粒细胞和单核细胞Toll样受体的表达及意义

目的 探讨慢性持续期支气管哮喘(简称哮喘)患者外周血中性粒细胞和CD14+成熟单核细胞TLR2、TLR4表达的变化及意义.方法 入选慢性持续期哮喘患者30例,健康对照组46名,应用流式细胞仪全血双色免疫荧光直标法检测中性粒细胞和单核细胞TLR2和TLR4的表达情况,结果以细胞的TLR相对平均荧光强度(rmfi)和TLR相对阳性细胞百分率(rpcp)表示.结果 哮喘组患者中性粒细胞TLR2表达的rmfi(1.48±0.19)和rpcp(M=1.34％,Q1 - Q3为0.65％～2.91％)均明显低于健康对照组[分别为1.99±0.53和14.13％(Q1 - Q3为2.61％～27.51％),P值均＜0.001];TLR4表达的rmfi(1.77±0.21)明显低于对照组(1.95±0.26),(P＜0.01),rpcp(8.16±5.03)％与对照组(9.58±6.40)％比较,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).哮喘组CD14+单核细胞中TLR2 rpcp(90.92±8.42)％和TLR4 rpcp(11.92±10.34)％明显高于健康对照组[分别为(78.52±18.79)％和(5.78±3.98)％,P值均＜0.01];TLR2 rmfi( 9.91±2.14)及TLR4 rmfi(2.60±0.74)与对照组[分别为(9.73±2.71)和(2.77±0.58)]差异无统计学意义(P值均＞0.05).结论 慢性持续期哮喘患者外周血中性粒细胞TLR2和TLR4的表达较健康人群明显下调,CD14+单核细胞TLR2及TLR4阳性细胞率显著高于健康人群,中性粒细胞和单核细胞TLRs表达的变化在哮喘病程中可能发挥不同的免疫作用.     

β-Glucan treatment prevents progressive burn ischaemia in the zone of stasis and improves burn healing: An experimental study in rats

Saving the zone of stasis is one of the major goals of burn specialists. Increasing the tissue tolerance to ischaemia and inhibiting inflammation have been proposed to enable salvage of this zone. After a burn, excessive inflammation, including increased vascular permeability, local tissue oedema and neutrophil activation, causes local tissue damage by triggering vascular thrombosis and blocking capillaries, resulting in tissue ischaemia and necrosis. Oxygen radicals also contribute to tissue damage after a burn. However, macrophages play a pivotal role in the response to burn. We studied β-glucan because of its many positive systemic effects that are beneficial to burn healing, including immunomodulatory effects, antioxidant effects (free-radical scavenging activity) and effects associated with the reduction of the inflammatory response.     

Coagulofibrinolytic changes in patients with disseminated intravascular coagulation associated with post-cardiac arrest syndrome― Fibrinolytic shutdown and insufficient activation of fibrinolysis lead to organ dysfunction

Introduction

Post-cardiac arrest syndrome (PCAS) is often associated with disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), thus leading to the development of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS). The aim of this study was to examine the pathophysiological relationships between coagulation, fibrinolysis and fibrinolytic shutdown by evaluating the levels of coagulofibrinolytic markers, including soluble fibrin, thrombin-activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor (TAFI), tissue plasminogen activator-plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 complex (tPAIC), plasmin-alpha2 plasmin inhibitor complex (PPIC), neutrophil elastase and fibrin degradation product by neutrophil elastase (EXDP).

Materials and Methods

Fifty-two resuscitated patients were divided into two groups: 22 DIC and 30 non-DIC patients.

Results

The levels of soluble fibrin, PPIC, tPAIC, EXDP and neutrophil elastase in the DIC patients with PCAS were significantly higher than those observed in the non-DIC patients. The values of the tPAIC and JAAM DIC scores were found to be independent predictors of increased SOFA scores in the DIC patients. The MODS patients demonstrated significantly higher levels of soluble fibrin and tPAIC; however, the levels of TAFI and EXDP were identical between the patients with and without MODS. In addition, positive correlations were observed between the levels of tPAIC and EXDP in the patients with non-MODS; however, no correlations were observed between these markers in the MODS patients.

Conclusions

Thrombin activation and fibrinolytic shutdown play important roles in the development of organ dysfunction in PCAS patients. Neutrophil elastase-mediated fibrinolysis cannot overcome the fibrinolytic shutdown that occurs in DIC patients with PCAS, thus resulting in the development of MODS.     

Neutrophil activation in acute human central nervous system injury

Abstract

Endothelial cell dysfunction may contribute to cerebral vasospasm and aggravation of ischemic brain damage following subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). It has been suggested that oxyhemoglobin derived from subarachnoid blood clots might be a prime candidate for cerebral vasospasm. In this study, cisternal bloody cerebrospinal fluid (bCSF) was collected from SAH patients four and seven days after aneurysmal rupture, and the effects of bCSF on the cell growth and intracellular calcium ion ([Ca²⁺]_i) dynamics were investigated in cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells. CSF collected from patients undergoing other intracranial surgeries was used as a control. Pre-treatment with bCSF4 significantly facilitated cell proliferation and DNA synthesis in the cultured endothelial cells, and significantly enhanced histamine- induced [Ca²⁺]_i increase, while acute treatment of the bCSF elicited no [Ca²⁺]_i change. Pre-treatment with interleukin-1β showed a similar significant enhancement of the histamine-induced [Ca²⁺]_i response, while pre-treatment with high concentrations of serum or interleukin-6 did not change the [Ca²⁺]_i response. It is concluded that bCSF collected from SAH patients contains some substances which enhance endothelial cell proliferation and sensitivity to inflammatory mediator. [Neurol Res 2000; 22: 588-596]     

NGAL与妊娠相关疾病的研究进展

中性粒细胞明胶酶相关脂质运载蛋白（neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin,NGAL）作为脂质运载蛋白lipocalin家族的新成员,是一种脂肪细胞因子,亦是一种炎症因子。NGAL在机体中参与不同的生理、病理过程,涉及胚胎发育、细胞分化、细胞凋亡、肿瘤的发生及发展、炎症免疫反应、糖脂代谢及胰岛素抵抗等。妊娠期高血压疾病、妊娠期糖尿病（gestational diabetes mellitus,GDM）及早产等是常见的妊娠相关疾病,其发生、发展与机体的炎症反应、糖脂代谢及胰岛素抵抗关系密切,这些疾病严重影响妊娠结局和母婴的预后情况。NGAL的生物学功能使其在妊娠期高血压疾病、GDM及早产等妊娠相关疾病中亦发挥重要作用。本文对NGAL及其与妊娠相关疾病的研究进展进行综述。     

中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞比值和血小板计数与淋巴细胞比值与胆源性急性胰腺炎严重程度及并发肝损伤的相关性研究

背景 中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞比值（NLR）、血小板计数与淋巴细胞比值（PLR）在预测胰腺炎严重程度上已被证实有一定意义,但目前探讨NLR、PLR对胆源性急性胰腺炎（BAP）及并发肝损伤的诊断及预测价值的研究较少。 目的 探讨NLR、PLR与BAP病情程度及并发急性肝损伤（ALI）的相关性。 方法 选取2019年3月至2021年3月就诊于南昌大学第二附属医院急诊科收治的142例BAP患者,按照亚特兰大分类将患者分为轻症（MAP）/中度重症急性胰腺炎（MSAP）组（n=98）、重症急性胰腺炎（SAP）组（n=44）;根据肝功能是否损伤分为ALI组（n=92）与无ALI组（n=50）,其中ALI组再分为肝细胞型肝损伤亚组（n=1）、胆管细胞型肝损伤亚组（n=16）和混合型肝损伤亚组（n=75）。收集患者一般情况及临床资料,通过绘制受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线及二元Logistic回归分析探究NLR、PLR对BAP严重程度及并发ALI的预测价值。 结果 MAP/MSAP组NLR、PLR均低于SAP组（P<0.05）。ALI组NLR、PLR均高于无ALI组（P<0.05）。胆管细胞型肝损伤亚组、混合型肝损伤亚组NLR、PLR比较,差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）。NLR、PLR及二者联合预测SAP的ROC曲线下面积分别为0.809、0.667、0.809;NLR、PLR及二者联合预测BAP发生ALI的ROC曲线下面积分别为0.774、0.767、0.806;NLR、PLR及二者联合预测BAP发生胆管细胞型肝损伤的ROC曲线下面积分别为0.813、0.742、0.861;NLR、PLR及二者联合预测BAP发生混合型肝损伤的ROC曲线下面积分别为0.763、0.770、0.794。二元Logistic回归分析结果显示,NLR升高是SAP的危险因素〔OR=1.184,95%CI（1.102,1.271）,P<0.001〕;NLR和PLR升高是BAP发生ALI的危险因素〔OR=1.140,95%CI（1.050,1.238）,P=0.002;OR=1.007,95%CI（1.001,1.013）,P=0.023〕;NLR升高是BAP发生胆管细胞型肝损伤的危险因素〔OR=1.184,95%CI（1.054,1.331）,P=0.004〕;NLR和PLR升高是BAP发生混合型肝损伤的危险因素〔OR=1.120,95%CI（1.120,1.221）,P=0.011;OR=1.007,95%CI（1.001,1.013）,P=0.034〕。 结论 NLR升高是SAP的危险因素,NLR和PLR升高是BAP发生ALI的危险因素,且NLR的预测价值优于PLR,联合检测效果更好。     

Mechanized assay of plasma prekallikrein by activation with Pseudomonas aeruginosa elastase and amidolysis of chromogenic substrate.

An automated assay of plasma prekallikrein is described. Prekallikrein was converted to kallikrein with Pseudomonas aeruginosa elastase, and the hydrolytic activity of kallikrein to H-D-Pro-Phe-Arg-paranitroanilide subsequently measured.

The conversion was complete within 8 minutes and the amidolytic activity remained stable at least another 10 min at 37 ° C. This method worked in plasma deficient in Hageman factor (blood coagulation factor XII). Using anti-prekallikrein antibody and plasma deficient in prekallikrein, the amidolytic activity generated in normal plasma was identified as due to kallikrein. With plasma samples, the coefficients of variation (CV) for multiple measurements within run (n = 10) and between run (n = 10) were as low as 5.0% and 6.6%, respectively, and the minimum measurable concentration of prekallikrein in plasma was 10% of the normal level.     

NLR is predictive of upstaging at the time of radical cystectomy for patients with urothelial carcinoma of the bladder

ObjectiveTo evaluate the ability of preoperative neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) to predict pathologic upstaging and nonorgan-confined (NOC) (≥pT3) disease.Methods and materialsAfter institutional review board approval, the records of consecutive patients undergoing radical cystectomy (RC) for urothelial carcinoma from 2002 to 2012 at the University of Wisconsin Hospital were reviewed. A total of 102 patients with NLR within 100 days of surgery were eligible for analysis. The primary outcome was difference in stage from preoperative assessment to time of RC. Differences in preoperative NLR between groups were evaluated with an unequal variance t test. A univariate analysis assessed whether NLR, preoperative stage, grade, associated lymphovascular invasion, preoperative hydronephrosis, gender, previous pelvic radiotherapy, previous intravesical bladder cancer treatments, or nodal stage were related to upstaging. Multivariate analyses were performed to evaluate the relationship of NLR to upstaging and relative organ-confined (≤pT2) and NOC disease.ResultsOf 390 consecutive patients undergoing RC, 102 patients met study criteria. Overall, 55 (53.9%) patients were upstaged, 25 (25.5%) were unchanged, and 21 (20.6%) were downstaged. Fifty-one patients (50%) were upstaged to more advanced disease (≥pT3). NLR and preoperative hydronephrosis were significantly related to pathologic tumor staging. NLR, preoperative hydronephrosis, and preoperative tumor stage were significantly related to upstaging to NOC disease. Patients who were upstaged to≥pT3 demonstrated statistically significant greater NLRs (4.33±0.87) compared with patients who remained at≤pT2 stage (2.66±0.29) (P<0.001).ConclusionsPreoperative NLR is a simple measurement that can be used to identify high-risk patients who may be upstaged at the time of RC and may benefit from neoadjuvant chemotherapy.     

吸烟饮酒对胃癌治疗前血红蛋白、PLR、NLR的影响及护理对策

目的 探讨吸烟饮酒对胃癌治疗前血红蛋白、血小板淋巴细胞比率（platelet to lymphocyte ratio,PLR）、中性粒细胞淋巴细胞比率（neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio,NLR）的影响.方法 纳入202例胃癌病例,单因素Kruskal-Wallis和多元线性回归分析吸烟、饮酒与胃癌治疗前血红蛋白、PLR、NLR的关系.结果 Kruskal-Wallis显示吸烟对胃癌治疗前血红蛋白、PLR、NLR差异有统计学意义（P=0.010,0.009,0026）,饮酒则对胃癌治疗前血红蛋白、PLR、NLR无明显影响（P=0.415,0.090,0.168）.多元线性回归显示吸烟对胃癌治疗前血红蛋白（P=0.001）、PLR（P=0.001）有显著关联,但对胃癌治疗前NLR无显著关联（P=0.246）;饮酒对治疗前血红蛋白（P=0.930）、PLR（P=0.665）、NLR （P=0.817）无显著关联;吸烟（P=0.988）、饮酒（P=0.407）不是影响胃癌分期的独立影响因素.结论 吸烟是影响胃癌治疗前血红蛋白降低、PLR升高的独立危险因素,应加强护理干预,改善患者血红蛋白及全身性炎症反应.     

Spontaneously regressed granulomatosis with polyangiitis: A case report

A 71-year-old woman presented with chest pain, cough, and back pain. A chest roentgenogram showed multiple nodular shadows in both lungs. She was diagnosed with granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA). The multiple nodular shadows in both lungs regressed spontaneously in a few months. There are few reports of spontaneous regression of GPA, and the underlying mechanism is unclear. Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) have been recently shown to be involved in GPA. NETs may also be related to the natural regression of GPA.