Soy Reduces Bone Turnover Markers in Women During Early Menopause: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Menopausal estrogen loss leads to an increased bone loss. Soy isoflavones can act as selective estrogen receptor modulators, their role in bone turnover is unclear. The primary outcome was assessing changes in plasma bone turnover markers. The secondary outcomes were assessing changes in cardiovascular risk markers including insulin resistance, blood pressure, and lipid profile. We performed a double‐blind randomized parallel study in which 200 women within 2 years after the onset of their menopause were randomized to 15 g soy protein with 66 mg isoflavone (SPI) or 15 g soy protein alone (SP), daily for 6 months. There was a significant reduction in type I collagen crosslinked beta C‐telopeptide (βCTX) (bone‐resorption marker) with SPI supplementation (0.40 ± 0.17 versus 0.15 ± 0.09 μg/L; p < 0.01) compared to SP supplementation (0.35 ± 0.12 versus 0.35 ± 0.13 μg/L; p = 0.92) after 6 months. There was also a significant reduction in type I procollagen‐N‐propeptide (P1NP) (bone formation marker) with SPI supplementation (50.5 ± 25.0 versus 34.3 ± 17.6 μg/L; p < 0.01), more marked between 3 and 6 months. Following SPI there was a significant reduction in fasting glucose, fasting insulin, insulin resistance, and systolic blood pressure whereas no significant changes in these parameters was observed with SP. There were no significant changes in fasting lipid profile and diastolic blood pressure with either preparation. There was a significant increase in TSH and reduction in free thyroxine (p < 0.01) with SPI supplementation though free tri‐iodothyronine was unchanged. In conclusion, soy protein with isoflavones may confer a beneficial effect on bone health, analogous to the mode of action of antiresorptive agents, albeit to a less magnitude. There was a significant improvement of cardiovascular risk markers, but a significant increase in TSH and reduction in free thyroxine after SPI supplementation indicating a detrimental effect on thyroid function. © 2016 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.     

Effects of nonylphenol on the calcium signal and catecholamine secretion coupled with nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in bovine adrenal chromaffin cells

Nonylphenol (NP) is the most critical metabolite of alkylphenol polyethoxylate detergents. NP is known as an endocrine disruptor with estrogenic activities and as an inhibitor of endoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+)-ATPase. Estrogen has modulatory roles on ligand-gated ion channels, such as nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs). Ca(2+)-ATPase inhibitors can modulate the cytosolic calcium concentration ([Ca(2+)](c)]) and thus can affect the calcium signaling coupled with nAChRs. Therefore, NP is predicted to have complex effects on the Ca(2+) signaling and secretion coupled with nAChRs. This study investigated these effects using bovine adrenal chromaffin cells. The results show that NP suppressed the Ca(2+) signaling coupled with nAChRs and voltage-operated Ca(2+) channels in a dose-dependent manner, with IC(50)s of 1 and 5.9 microM, respectively. Estradiol exhibits similar suppression but much lower inhibitory potencies. NP alone induced a transient rise in [Ca(2+)](c) in the presence or absence of extracellular calcium. Thapsigargin, an endoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+)-ATPase inhibitor, partially suppressed the [Ca(2+)](c) rise induced by NP, but NP totally blocked the [Ca(2+)](c) rise induced by thapsigargin. This illustrates that NP can cause Ca(2+) release from thapsigargin-insensitive pools. Thapsigargin suppressed the Ca(2+) signaling coupled with nAChRs but increased that coupled with voltage-operated Ca(2+) channels. We propose that three routes are responsible for the effects of NP on nAChRs: named receptor channels, voltage-gated Ca(2+) channels, and Ca(2+)-induced Ca(2+) release. Three routes are related to the characteristics of NP as steroid-like compounds and Ca(2+)-ATPase inhibitor.     

Carba NP试验及Carba NP-direct试验检测产碳青霉烯酶肠杆菌的临床意义

目的：评价Carba NP试验及Carba NP-direct试验对碳青霉烯类耐药的肠杆菌科细菌碳青霉烯酶检测的临床价值。方法：收集南京医科大学附属无锡市第二人民医院2013年1月至2015年12月临床分离的各种标本耐碳青霉烯类抗生素的肠杆菌科细菌112株,同时选取碳青霉烯敏感的菌株100株作为对照组。所有菌株进行碳青霉烯酶耐药基因PCR检测、改良Hodge试验(MHT试验)、Carba NP试验(CNPt)以及Carba NP-direct(CNPt-d)试验检测。结果：碳青霉烯类耐药的肠杆菌科细菌共112株,92株携带blaKPC-2;8株携带blaNDM-1;1株携带blaVIM-2;1株携带blaIMP-4;10株不携带碳青霉烯酶基因;未检测到携带D组碳青霉烯酶基因的肠杆菌科细菌。以PCR检测的结果为标准,Carba NP试验、Carba NP-direct试验诊断菌株是否产碳青霉烯酶的敏感性和特异性均100%;改良Hodge试验诊断菌株是否产碳青霉烯酶敏感性为96%,特异性为98%。Carba NP试验及Carba NP-direct试验均在2 h内完成检测。结论：Carba NP试验和Carba NP-direct试验均能快速、准确筛查出产碳青霉烯酶的肠杆菌科细菌。Carba NP-direct试验相比Carba NP试验成本低、反应快、结果更明确,可作为表型确认实验和耐药监测的手段。     

Serotonergic Neuronal Activity in the Dorsal Raphe Nucleus of Selectively Bred Alcohol-Preferring and Alcohol-Nonpreferring Rats and Unselected Wistar Rats

BACKGROUND: Selectively-bred alcohol-preferring (P) rats have fewer serotonin (5-HT) neurons in the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) than do alcohol-nonpreferring (NP) rats. The present study was designed to test the hypothesis that the remaining 5-HT neurons in P rats compensated for their reduced number by increasing neuronal activity. METHODS: Spontaneous activity was recorded from single-spiking and bursting 5-HT neurons in the DRN of unanesthetized paralyzed, alcohol-naive P, NP, and Wistar rats. Firing frequencies, the percentages of action potentials in bursts, and the percentages of bursting neurons were evaluated. RESULTS: There were no significant differences among the three groups of rats in any of the parameters measured. Power analyses were performed on preliminary data to determine the sample sizes necessary for detection of significant differences. The mean firing frequencies of single-spiking 5-HT neurons averaged 1.8 (37 neurons), 1.7 (17 neurons), and 1.8 (41 neurons) spikes per second in P, NP, and Wistar rats, respectively. For bursting 5-HT neurons, the percentages of action potentials in bursts for P, NP, and Wistar rats were 55.0% (24 neurons), 49.7% (18 neurons), and 55.1% (21 neurons). The mean percentages of bursting 5-HT neurons encountered per electrode penetration were 44% for P rats (n = 28), 44% for NP rats (n = 14), and 34% for Wistar rats (n = 26). CONCLUSIONS: The results indicate that the sample of 5-HT neurons recorded in the DRN of P rats had not compensated for a reduced number by altering neuronal activity.     

Preparation and distribution of 5-fluorouracil 125I sodium alginate-bovine serum albumin nanoparticles

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水体中壬基酚光催化降解影响因素的研究

目的　了解水环境中壬基酚的迁移转化和行为。方法　以 HPL C为分析手段 ,用 UV- Fe2 + - H2 O2 光催化氧化体系研究壬基酚 (NP)的光降解。结果　壬基酚最佳光解条件为 5 .0 mg/ L Fe2 + ,1m l/ L H2 O2 和 p H 2 .5 ;影响 NP光催化氧化反应因素的显著性顺序为 :光照时间 >NP的初始浓度 >试液的 p H>H2 O2 投加量 >Fe2 + 投加量。结论　 U V- Fe2 + - H2 O2 光催化氧化体系对 NP有较好的降解作用。     

苯丙酸诺龙对大面积烧伤雄性大鼠睾丸及性激素水平的影响

目的 探讨苯丙酸诺龙(NP)对烧伤♂大鼠靶器官睾丸及性激素水平的影响。方法 建立20％体表面积深Ⅱ度烫伤大鼠动物模型,治疗组伤后第2天始,隔日一次im NP 5 mg·kg-1,对照组以生理盐水代替,每隔10天分别断头处死治疗组及对照组各4只大鼠。监测两组大鼠血中性激素水平变化及观察睾丸组织病理切片和电镜照片的变化。结果 两组睾酮、雌二醇、间质细胞刺激素、促卵泡素质量浓度在各时间点无显著性差异(P>0.05)。在10、20 d两个时间点,两组血睾酮的均值小于30 d后创面愈合后各组的均值,有显著性差异(P>0.05),其余时间点前后对照无显著性差异。而雌二醇、促黄体生成素、促卵泡素浓度前后对照无明显规律。光镜下睾丸组织切片两组间无明显结构差异。治疗后10 d电镜下仅见对照组精原细胞及初级精母细胞内超微结构有轻度损伤现象,而治疗组未见异常。治疗后30、60 d两组细胞内超微结构均正常,无明显差异。结论 在烧伤病理条件下,应用治疗剂量的NP60 d对♂大鼠的睾丸结构无明显损害作用,对性激素水平无明显影响。     

Oncological validation of bone turnover markers c-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen (1CTP) and peptides n-terminal propeptide of type I procollagen (P1NP) in patients with prostate cancer and bone metastases

BackgroundBone formation markers c-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen (1CTP) and peptides n-terminal propeptide of type I procollagen (P1NP) were reported to be increased in patients with prostate cancer (PC) and bone metastases. The objective of the presented study was to investigate the utility of serum 1CTP and P1NP values in the diagnosis of bone metastases and in predicting oncological outcome in patients with PC.MethodsIn total, serum samples of 186 patients were included retrospectively including 53 (28.50%) benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) patients and 133 (71.50%) PC-patients. The group of patients with PC consisted of 58 patients with non-metastatic PC (cM0) (43.61%) and 70 (52.63%) patients with bone metastases (cM1b). Serum 1CTP and P1NP were measured by radioimmunoassay (RIA). Results were compared to clinical variables including oncologic follow-up data by univariate and multivariate analyses.ResultsMedian 1CTP concentrations were significantly higher in patients with PC compared to the BPH group [5.08 (range, 1.73–158.00) vs. 4.00 (range, 2.18–34.19) µg/L, P=0.019]. However, no significant difference of P1NP levels could be shown for these groups. With median values of 6.04 (1.73–158.00) and 3.91 µg/L (2.04–34.51) for 1CTP and 48.60 (9.12–1,074.37) and 33.90 (8.72–149.30) for P1NP both markers were altered in cM1b patients compared to cM0 patients (P=0.001 each). Furthermore, cancer-specific survival (CSS) and overall survival (OS) were significantly shorter in cM1b patients with higher 1CTP concentrations (P=0.037 and P=0.019, respectively), whereas no associations of P1NP and outcomes were observed.ConclusionsThe present study confirms that increased levels of 1CTP and P1NP concentrations are associated with presence of metastatic disease in the bone. Moreover, these markers are able to predict clinical course in PC patients with bone metastases. The potential use of these markers for treatment selection in advanced PC remains to be determined.     

复方苦参注射液联合NP方案治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌的临床观察

目的：观察复方苦参注射液联合长春瑞滨和顺铂（NP方案）治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌（NSCLE）的临床疗效和不良反应。方法：观察组27例采用复方苦参注射液联合NP方案化疗,对照纽20例单纯肿方案化疗,观察两组患者化疗2个周期后的有效率（RR）、化疗期间及化疗后两组患者的毒副作用及生存质量的改善情况。结果：观察组有效率高于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）,观察组化疗毒副反应在胃肠道反应、骨髓抑制方面均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）,生活质量改善,卡氏评分（KPS评分）提高,两组差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论：复方苦参注射液可以提高NP方案化疗的近期疗效,并可减轻化疗的毒副反应,提高患者生活质量。