TP方案治疗NP方案化疗失败的非小细胞肺癌的疗效观察

目的评价NP方案化疗后进展的晚期非小细胞肺癌（NSCLC）应用TP方案化疗的疗效和毒副反应。方法34例NSCLC均曾接受过NP方案化疗2周期,出现病情进展后接受TP方案化疗,紫杉醇135mg／m^2,d1,顺铂20mg／m^2,d1-4,21d为1周期,完成2周期评价疗效,观察毒副反应。结果34例中CR0例,PR3例（8．82％）,SD6例（17．65％）,PD25例（73．53％）,总有效率为8．82％。主要毒副反应是骨髓抑制和胃肠道反应。结论TP方案对NP方案化疗失败的晚期NSCLC有一定疗效,但有效率较低,提示有交叉耐药性。     

Carbapenem inactivation: a very affordable and highly specific method for phenotypic detection of carbapenemase-producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates compared with other methods

This investigation was undertaken to compare phenotypic and molecular methods for detection of carbapenemase-producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa. A total of 245 non-duplicated isolates of P. aeruginosa were collected from hospitalized patients. Disc diffusion method was used to identify carbapenem-resistant bacteria. Three phenotypic methods, including Modified Hodge Test (MHT), Modified Carba NP (MCNP) test and Carbapenem Inactivation Method (CIM) were used for investigation of carbapenemase production. In addition, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to detect carbapenemase encoding genes. Of 245 P. aeruginosa isolates investigated, 121 isolates were carbapenem-resistant. Among carbapenem-resistant isolates, 40, 39 and 35 isolates exhibited positive results using MHT, MCNP test and CIM, respectively. PCR indicated the presence of carbapenemase genes in 35 of carbapenem-resistant isolates. MHT showed low sensitivity and specificity for carbapenemase detection among P. aeruginosa isolates in comparison to PCR. CIM was most affordable and highly specific than MCNP test compared with the molecular method.     

HPLC法测定丝裂霉素C聚氰基丙烯酸正丁酯纳米粒中丝裂霉素C的含量

目的:建立高效液相色谱法测定丝裂霉素 C 聚氰基丙烯酸正丁酯纳米粒(MMC-PBCA-NP)中药物含量。方法:采用C_(18)柱(4.6 mm×150 mm,5 μm),以混合磷酸盐缓冲液-乙腈(85:15)为流动相,流速为1 mL·min~(-1),紫外检测器,检测波长为365 nm。结果:丝裂霉素 C(MMC)浓度在5～250 μg·mL~(-1)范围内与峰面积呈良好的线性关系,r=0.9998;平均回收率(n=6)为98.15%。结论:本法专属性强,操作简便,结果准确。适用于 MMC-PBCA-NP 的质量控制。     

Reverse geometrical selectivity in glucuronidation and sulfation of cis- and trans-4-hydroxytamoxifens by human liver UDP-glucuronosyltransferases and sulfotransferases

The phenolic active metabolites, cis-4-hydroxytamoxifen (cis-HO-TAM) and trans-4-hydroxytamoxifen (trans-HO-TAM), of the anti-breast-cancer drug, trans-tamoxifen (TAM), were geometrically selectively glucuronidated in the manner of cis>trans by microsomes and sulfated in the manner of trans>cis by cytosol from the liver of 10 human subjects (7 females and 3 males). There was a large individual difference in the microsomal glucuronidation of cis-HO-TAM, which correlated well with glucuronidation of 4-hydroxybiphenyl by human liver microsomes. However, there was only a slight correlation between the glucuronidation of cis-HO-TAM and trans-HO-TAM or 4-nitrophenol (NP). A small individual difference was observed for the human liver cytosolic sulfation of trans-HO-TAM, which correlated well with the sulfation of NP. Recombinant human UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT)2B15 catalyzed the cis-selective glucuronidation of geometrical isomers of HO-TAM. UGTs1A1, 1A4, 1A9 and 2B7 had weak activity toward HO-TAMs with a much smaller cis-selectivity than did UGT2B15. UGTs1A3 and 1A6 had no detectable activity toward these substrates. Among the four known major sulfotransferases (SULTs) occurring in the human liver, SULT1A1 was strongly suggested to play the most important role in the hepatic cytosolic trans-selective sulfation of HO-TAM isomers. A good correlation was observed between the hepatic cytosolic sulfation of trans-HO-TAM and NP, a standard substrate for SULT1A1. SULT1E1 had slight activity toward the HO-TAMs. SULTs1A3 and 2A1 had no detectable activity toward HO-TAMs.     

What makes a chronic pelvic pain patient satisfied?

Purpose: Caring for women with chronic pelvic pain (CPP) is challenging. There have been few studies on what factors patients consider to be important when being treated for their pelvic pain. This study sought to identify the key factors of the health care visit that contribute to patient’s overall satisfaction with their care in a CPP clinic.

Materials and methods: Between January 2015 and December 2016, new patients visiting a tertiary care CPP clinic were recruited to complete a patient satisfaction survey. Inductive thematic analysis was performed on response data regarding important factors that impact patient satisfaction with their visit/care.

Results: Five themes of patient satisfaction identified included: providers with a compassionate and caring attitude, being listened to, clear communication with collaboration when needed, quality time spent with patient, and having a plan of care with recommendations. The theme regarding provider’s compassion and listening skills was the most frequently identified. Pain relief was seldom mentioned as a source of patient satisfaction.

Conclusions: The data suggest that a focus on empathic communication may make a meaningful difference in meeting the needs of women with CPP as well as strengthening the provider/patient relationship.     

Tentative identification of a second central nervous system myelin membrane autoantigen (M2) by a biochemical comparison with the basic protein (BP)

Two central nervous system myelin autoantigens, M2 and basic protein (BP), were examined, using complement-fixing antibodies against each autoantigen as markers on myelin. M2 activity was very labile and very insoluble, PB activity was very resistant. Trypsin reduced both activities an this reduction was greater after phospholipase treatment. Both activities were slightly solubilized in 8 M urea. It is known that BP is not present on the surface of myelin and is considered a peripheral membrane protein. M2 appears to be a surface and integral membrane protein, and as such resembles Folch Pi proteolipid protein. The relationship between M2 and BP requires further study.     

Functional gene expression differences between inbred alcohol-preferring and -non-preferring rats in five brain regions.

The objective of this study was to determine if there are innate differences in gene expression in selected CNS regions between inbred alcohol-preferring (iP) and -non-preferring (iNP) rats. Gene expression was determined in the nucleus accumbens (ACB), amygdala (AMYG), frontal cortex (FC), caudate-putamen (CPU), and hippocampus (HIPP) of alcohol-na?ve adult male iP and iNP rats, using Affymetrix Rat Genome U34A microarrays (n = 6/strain). Using Linear Modeling for Microarray Analysis with a false discovery rate threshold of 0.1, there were 16 genes with differential expression in the ACB, 54 in the AMYG, 8 in the FC, 24 in the CPU, and 21 in the HIPP. When examining the main effect of strain across regions, 296 genes were differentially expressed. Although the relatively small number of genes found significant within individual regions precluded a powerful analysis for over-represented Gene Ontology categories, the much larger list resulting from the main effect of strain analysis produced 17 over-represented categories (P < .05), including axon guidance, gliogenesis, negative regulation of programmed cell death, regulation of programmed cell death, regulation of synapse structure function, and transmission of nerve impulse. Co-citation analysis and graphing of significant genes revealed a network involved in the neuropeptide Y (NPY) transmitter system. Correlation of all significant genes with those located within previously established rat alcohol QTLs revealed that of the total of 313 significant genes, 71 are located within such QTLs. The many regional and overall gene expression differences between the iP and iNP rat lines may contribute to the divergent alcohol drinking phenotypes of these rats.     

GP与TP方案治疗NP方案化疗失败的非小细胞肺癌的疗效比较

目的 探讨NP方案化疗后进展的晚期非小细胞肺癌（NSCLC）应用GP和TP方案的疗效和毒性。方法 总结65例NSCLC患者均曾接受过NP方案化疗2周期，出现病情进展后所接受的化疗方案分成GP组和TP组，每例患者至少接受2个周期以上的同一方案治疗，比较两组方案治疗的效果和不良反应。结果 GP组和TP组的总有效率分别为19．35％、8．82％，两组间比较差异有显著性（P〈0．05）；1年生存率分别为22．58％、20．59％，2年生存率分别为6．45％、5．88％，GP组和TP组患者的中位生存期分别为8．1个月和7．9个月，两组间比较差异无显著性（P〉0．05）。GP组和TP组的不良反应均在可耐受范围。结论 GP方案和TP方案对NP方案化疗失败的晚期NSCLC有一定疗效，但有效率较低，GP方案较TP方案近期有效率高，中位生存期、年生存率比较差异无显著性（P〉0．05）。     

两种HPLC法测定博利康尼片中硫酸特布他林的含量

建立了正相色谱法测定博利康尼片中硫酸特布他林含量的方法,采用硅胶柱,以乙酸乙酯－甲醇－甲酸－乙醇（７５∶１０∶５∶１０）为流动相,检测波长２８０ｎｍ,柱温３０℃,方法精密度ＲＳＤ为１．０７％,回收率为９９．６％,重现性ＲＳＤ为１．０８％。同时采用离子对色谱法,用ＯＤＳ色谱柱,以（乙腈－四氢呋喃＝１５０∶１００）－０．１％庚烷磺酸钠溶液（２３∶７７）为流动相,检测波长为２８０ｎｍ,柱温３０℃,方法精密度ＲＳＤ为０．６３％,回收率为９９．０％,重现性ＲＳＤ为１．１５％。并对两种方法进行比较。     

Autophagy deficiency in myeloid cells exacerbates eosinophilic inflammation in chronic rhinosinusitis

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