基于网络药理学探讨搜风愈喘方拆方“祛宿痰方”调控儿童哮喘的作用机制＊

目的 基于“伏风暗瘀宿痰”小儿哮喘病机新说，采用网络药理学及实验验证的方法，探索搜风愈喘方拆方“祛宿痰方”治疗儿童哮喘的作用机制，验证中医“宿痰”病机与西医细胞外基质改变病理之间的交通性。方法 通过TCMSP数据库建立“祛宿痰方”的有效成分和靶点数据集，利用OMIM、GeneCards、DrugBank、TTD疾病数据库建立哮喘疾病靶点数据集，利用Cytoscape软件取交集并构建“祛宿痰方”与哮喘的蛋白质互作网络，筛选关键靶点蛋白。利用Metascape数据库进行基因本体（Gene ontology，GO）分析以及京都基因和基因组百科全书（Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes，KEGG）富集分析。复制卵蛋白（OVA）诱导的哮喘大鼠模型，对核心通路及关键靶点进行实验验证。结果 共得到“祛宿痰方”治疗哮喘的靶点98个，包括IL-13、TP53、TGF-β1、VEGF-A、MMP9等，KEGG得到与哮喘相关的通路287条（P＜0.05），包括NF-κB信号通路、PI3K-AKT信号通路、IL-17信号通路等。GO结果显示与哮喘相关生物进程包括炎症反应、细胞外基质调控、氧化应激、血管生成等。动物实验证实“祛宿痰方”可下调大鼠肺组织中p-NF-κB-P65磷酸化水平，抑制NF-κB信号通路的激活，降低IL-13、TGF-β1 mRNA表达量（P<0.05），减少哮喘大鼠肺组织中炎症细胞浸润、黏液产生，从而延缓哮喘的进程。结论 “祛宿痰方”可抑制NF-κB信号通路的激活，降低肺组织中IL-13、TGF-β1 mRNA表达量，可能通过抑制炎症反应、调控细胞外基质等途径作用于哮喘，中医“宿痰”病机与西医细胞外基质改变病理之间存在一定的的交通性。     

胃癌组织中NF—κB的表达及临床意义

目的探讨核因子-κB（Nuclear factor—kappa B,NF—κB）的表达与胃癌发生发展的关系,为开展以NF-κB为靶标的胃癌防治提供理论依据。方法采用免疫组织化学染色法（SP法）检测对照组10例正常胃黏膜及实验组50例胃癌组织中NF—κB的表达情况,分析它们在不同组织中的表达及与胃癌的关系。结果实验组NF-κB和COX-2的表达阳性率明显高于对照组（P〈0．001）;NF—κB表达与胃癌淋巴结转移、分化程度有关（P〈0．05）。结论NF—κB参与胃癌的形成,且与胃癌的侵袭、转移及预后有一定的关系。     

The granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) upregulates metalloproteinase-2 and VEGF through PI3K/Akt and Erk1/2 activation in human trophoblast Swan 71 cells

IntroductionAlthough the expression of the granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) and its receptor (G-CSFR) in placental tissues suggests that the cytokine could play a role in placental development, the relevance of G-CSF:G-CSFR interaction in trophoblast cells remains to be studied. Thus, the possible functional role of G-CSF was examined in a human trophoblast cell line (Swan 71 cells).Methods and resultsThe expression of G-CSFR was detected by immunocytochemistry and Western blot assays. G-CSF treatment exerted neither a proliferative nor a protective effect on H₂O₂-mediated cell death in trophoblast cells. Gelatin zymography of supernatants collected from G-CSF-treated cells showed an increment of metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) activity. We also found higher MMP-2 and VEGF expression levels in conditioned medium from cells exposed to G-CSF. In addition, it was demonstrated that G-CSF induced the activation of PI3K/Akt and Erk1/2 pathways, which in turn activated NF-kB. By using selective pharmacological inhibitors, it was showed that these pathways are mediating the biological effects produced by G-CSF in Swan 71 cells.Discussion and conclusionWe have demonstrated for the first time that G-CSF increases MMP-2 activity and VEGF secretion in Swan 71 cells through activation of PI3K/Akt and Erk signaling pathways, both contributing to the translocation of NF-kB to the nucleus. These data suggest that G-CSF is involved in the regulation of trophoblast function, and should be considered as a locally produced cytokine probably contributing to embryo implantation and the development of a functional placenta.     

乙型肝炎病毒X蛋白对血管内皮生长因子的调节通路研究

目的 研究NF-kB信号转导通路在乙型肝炎病毒X蛋白(HBx)调节血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)表达中的作用.方法 建立稳定转染HBx基因的L02细胞系(L02-HBx),用不同浓度的NF-kB信号转导通路阻断剂吡咯二硫氢基甲醋酯(PDTC)阻断NF-kB信号转导通路,荧光双标激光扫描共聚焦显微镜观察转染前后及PDTC加入前后NF-kB信号转导通路的激活及失活情况,同时用实时荧光定量PCR和Western blot技术检测转染前后及PDTC加入前后VEGF在mRNA及蛋白水平的表达变化.结果 以L02细胞为参照,转染HBx基因后的L02-HBx细胞NF-kB信号转导通路被激活,VEGF mRNA和蛋白水平分别增加(4.07±0.31)和(4.34±0.64)倍,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);加入25.0和50.0μmol/L的PDTC作用24 h后,L02-HBx细胞NF-kB信号转导通路被阻断,VEGF mRNA表达水平分别增加(2.33±0.22)和(1.86±0.18)倍;VEGF蛋白表达水平分别增加(2.52±0.29)和(2.17±0.34)倍,与未加入PDTC的L02-HBx细胞的差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).12.5μmol/L PDTC作用24 h后,VEGF mRNA和蛋白水平的变化无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论 NF-kB信号转导通路是HBx上调VEGF表达、促进肝癌血管生成的途径之一.     

抑制核转录因子κB活性对SGC7901/VCR细胞mdr1表达及凋亡的影响

目的 观察突变型IκBα抑制核转录因子κB(NF-κB)活性对耐药胃癌细胞株SGC7901/VCR中多药耐药基因1(mdr1)的表达及细胞凋亡的影响.方法 突变型IκBα真核表达重组体(pCMV4-mIκBα)经脂质体介导转染至SGC7901/VCR细胞中,凝胶迁移率实验(EMSA)检测SGC7901/VCR细胞核内NF-κB活性,逆转录-聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)和Western blot检测细胞内mdr1的表达,荧光分光光度法检测罗丹明123(Rh123)的胞内聚集,流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡.结果 pCMV4-mIκBα瞬时转染人SGC7901/VCR细胞24 h后,可显著抑制NF-κB活性达64%,抑制mdr1的表达达75%,使Rh123在细胞内的聚集增加2.3倍.转染24 h后SGC7901/VCR细胞凋亡率为(14.15±1.52),与对照组(4.37±1.31)比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).结论 突变型IκBα抑制NF-κB活性对耐药胃癌细胞株mdr1的表达有直接抑制作用,并促使耐药胃癌细胞凋亡.     

核因子κB圈套寡核苷酸减轻大鼠移植肝缺血/再灌注损伤的作用和机制

目的探讨抑制枯否（Kupffer）细胞核因子κB（Nuclearfactor-kappaB，NF-κB）活性对减轻大鼠移植肝缺血／再灌注损伤（IRI）的作用和机制。方法建立大鼠肝移植缺血／再灌注损伤模型。实验分正常对照组、缺血／再灌注组和圈套寡核苷酸组，每组均为8只大鼠。圈套寡核苷酸组于移植术前2d经供者尾静脉注入120μg脂质体包裹的NF-κB圈套寡核苷酸。移植再灌注后2h，取各组受者移植肝分离枯否细胞。凝胶迁移变动分析法（EMSA）检测枯否细胞NF-κB蛋白结合活性，逆转录聚合酶链法（RT—PCR）观察枯否细胞肿瘤坏死因子α（TNF—α）和白细胞介素6（IL-6）mRNA的表达，同时观察肝组织病理及肝功能变化。结果缺血／再灌注组移植肝再灌注后2h，枯否细胞NF-κB活性及TNF-α、IL-6 mRNA表达量较对照组明显升高（P〈0．01）。光镜下肝细胞大量变性、坏死，伴有肝血窦明显淤血，血清丙氨酸转氨酶（ALT）和胆红素总量（TBIL）较对照组明显升高（P〈0．01）。相反，圈套寡核苷酸组枯否细胞NF-κB活性及细胞因子mRNA表达与缺血／再灌注组相比明显下降（P〈0．01），移植肝未见明显病理组织学改变，肝功能明显改善。结论NF-κB圈套寡核苷酸能高效抑制枯否细胞NF-κB活性，并抑制其下游有害细胞因子的产生，从而减轻缺血／再灌注损伤对移植肝的打击和损害。     

Inhibition of thioredoxin 1 leads to apoptosis in drug-resistant multiple myeloma

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a hematological malignancy characterized by the aberrant accumulation of clonal plasma cells in the bone marrow. Despite recent advancement in anti-myeloma treatment, MM remains an incurable disease. This study showed higher intrinsic oxidative stress and higher Trx1 and TrxR1 protein levels in MM cells compared to normal cells. Drug-induced Trx1 (PX-12) and TrxR1 (Auranofin) inhibition disrupted redox homeostasis resulting in ROS-induced apoptosis in MM cells and a reduction in clonogenic activity. Knockdown of either Trx1 or TrxR1 reduced MM cell viability. Trx1 inhibition by PX-12 sensitized MM cells to undergo apoptosis in response to the NF-кβ inhibitors, BAY 11-7082 and curcumin. PX-12 treatment decreased the expression of the NF-кβ subunit p65 in MM cells. Bortezomib-resistant MM cells contained higher Trx1 protein levels compared to the parental cells and PX-12 treatment resulted in apoptosis. Thus, increased Trx1 enhances MM cell growth and survival and exerts resistance to NF-кβ inhibitors. Therefore inhibiting the thioredoxin system may be an effective therapeutic strategy to treat newly diagnosed as well as relapsed/refractory MM.     

硼替佐米作用不同时间对K562耐药细胞株核因子-κB途径的影响

 目的　观察硼替佐米（商品名：万珂,PS-341）对柔红霉素（DNR）诱导的K562耐药细胞株（K562／DNR）核因子-κB（NF-κB）、抑制蛋白κB（IκB）及P-糖蛋白（P-gp）表达的影响,探讨PS-341逆转耐药的分子机制。方法　以100 μg／ml DNR单用或联合应用4 μg／L PS-341分别作用于K562／DNR 12、24及36 h,检测不同时间点各组NF-κB、IκB及P-gp表达情况,同时测定NF-κB p65活性,检测各组细胞凋亡率。结果　Western blot结果显示：与阴性对照组相比,DNR可诱导NF-κB表达上调及活性增强、IκB表达下调、P-gp表达上调;加用PS-341可显著抑制 DNR诱导的NF-κB及P-gp表达,使IκB表达增加。加用PS-341后,NF-κB活性12 h为（15.3±1.87）%[DNR组为（23.8±2.27）%],24 h为（10.2±1.69）%[DNR组为（25.4±1.98）%],36 h为（6.08±2.53）%[DNR组为（26.9±2.58）%],与相应单用DNR组相比均有明显下降,差异有统计学意义（P值均＜0.05）。DNR与PS-341联用后,细胞凋亡率12 h为（35.23±5.15）%[DNR组为（15.56±4.12）%],24 h为（40.26±6.89）%[DNR组为（17.25±2.89）%],36 h为（43.58±7.69）%[DNR组为（22.47±4.58）%],与DNR组相比,细胞凋亡率均明显增加,差异具有统计学意义（P值均＜0.05）。上述作用呈时间依赖性。结论　PS-341可减少K562／DNR细胞NF-κB的活化,降低P-gp表达,逆转细胞耐药,促进细胞凋亡。