Dopamine antagonists reduce spontaneous electrical activity in cultured mammalian neurons from ventral mesencephalon

Mammalian neurons from ventral mesencephalon (VM) were grown in primary dissociated cell (PDC) culture. These neurons are predominantly non-dopaminergic. Many of these non-dopaminergic neurons have dopamine agonist and antagonist binding sites. Intracellular recordings were obtained from these neurons. When bathed in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) solution they generated action potentials spontaneously. However, in the presence of haloperidol dissolved in PBS solution, the percentage of neurons which generated action potentials spontaneously was reduced in a dose-dependent manner (1–10 μM). This response was also obtained with (+) butaclamol (1 μM) but not with (−) butaclamol (1 μM). This neuroleptic inhibition of spontaneously generated action potentials was specific for neurons in PDC cultures of VM since neurons in PDC cultures of spinal cord did not demonstrate this phenomenon.     

Potential value of localized skin reactions (chancres) induced by Trypanosoma congolense transmitted by Glossina morsitans centralis for the analysis of metacyclic trypanosome populations

Goats infected with Trypanosoma congolense transmitted by Glossina morsitans centralis and then treated with the trypanocidal drug diminazene aceturate are immune to tsetse-transmitted infection with a homologous, but not heterologous trypanosome clone. Immune animals fail to develop localized skin reactions (chancres) and do not become infected, whereas on heterologous challenge chancres appear followed by parasitaemia. In this study, the feasibility of using chancre reactions to characterize several different metacyclic populations of T. congolense was evaluated. Provided goats were immunized, it was found that the chancre reaction could be used to distinguish different populations of T. congolense. However, problems were encountered when attempts were made to induce immunity against more than one trypanosome population. When goats were infected by tsetse flies with four antigenically unrelated metacyclic populations of T. congolense, either simultaneously or at 4 day intervals, adequate immunological priming was not always achieved. In fact, goats exposed to superinfection 8 to 12 days after a primary infection did not develop chancres or an immune response to the second infection (although they were immune to the organism used for primary infection). Following trypanocidal treatment these animals were subsequently completely susceptible to homologous infection with the metacyclic population used for superinfection, indicating that some form of interference phenomenon effective at the level of the skin appears to prevent or delay the development of the second trypanosome population following superinfection of infected animals.     

一起幼儿园内空肠弯曲菌高感染情况的调查

作者报道了一起幼儿园内空肠弯曲菌高感染的传播。该幼儿园儿童空肠弯曲菌阳性率为23.0％(43/187)。腹泻病例空肠弯曲菌阳性率为18.6％(8/43),健康儿童带菌率为24.3％(35/144)。同期另一幼儿园健康儿童和门诊非腹泻患儿带菌率分别为11.3％(27/238)和7.5％(15/201),三者间差异显著(P<0.005)。通过流行病学调查及菌株的生物分型表明,传染源可能是两名患空肠弯曲菌肠炎的炊事员,他们与儿童的菌株为同一生物型。其传播可能是通过污染的食物或人与人接触而引起的。     

Prognostic value of supine scintigraphic heart function and simultaneous conventional exercise response in patients after myocardial infarction

A total of 240 survivors of one or more myocardial infarctions were consecutively admitted to perform supine exercise radionuclide ventriculography. Within 3 years after the test, 22 died; this group was compared to an age-matched control group of 22 survivors for left and right ventricular function during rest, exercise, and simultaneously assessed exercise performance as well as ECG variables. Evaluation of 3-year survival by linear discriminant analysis revealed an accuracy of 82% for discriminant models using ECG and exercise performance variables. Implementation of resting left ventricular ejection fraction and change of right ventricular ejection fraction during exercise, as well as scintigraphic presence or absence of dyskinesia, improved the accuracy of the model to 91% of correctly classified patients.     

Relationship of Diet to Small and Large Adenomas of the Sigmoid Colon

The relation of dietary factors to the risk of adenomas of the sigmoid colon was examined in men receiving a retirement health examination at the Self-Defense Forces Fukuoka Hospital between October 1986 and 1990. A total of 187 adenoma cases and 1557 controls with normal colonoscopy were identified in the series. Cases were further classified into small-adenoma (<5 mm, n=78) and large-adenoma (≥5 mm, n=67) groups. The consumptions of selected foods and beverages were ascertained before colonoscopy by means of a self-administered questionnaire. After adjustment for smoking, alcohol use, rank and body mass index, low rice consumption and high meat intake were independently associated with an increased risk of large adenomas. The risk of small adenomas was not related to either rice consumption or meat intake. Adjusted odds ratios of large adenomas for the low, intermediate and high consumption levels of rice were estimated to be 1.0 (referent), 0.83 and 0.43, respectively (trend P = 0.08), and the corresponding figures for meat consumption were 1.0 (referent), 1.58 and 2.38, respectively (trend P =0.02). The findings suggest that low rice consumption and high meat intake may promote the growth of colon adenomas, thereby increasing the risk of colon cancer.     

小儿疳证源流考

疳作为一个病名，最早见于隋《诸病源候论》。首先将疳证作为儿科专有疾病者，为宋初《太平圣惠方》。本病分类最全面，收集方剂最丰富当推宋《幼幼新书》。南宋出版的《小儿卫生总微论方》首次将疳证归类为五疳。本草文献中对本病贡献最大的为明《本草纲目》。清《温病条辨》首次将本病治法作全面总结。１９９４年国家中医药管理局颁布的《中医病证诊断疗效标准》首次以法规的形式将本病作了统一规范     

白术茯苓汤及其配伍对脾虚大鼠胃肠激素的影响

目的：探讨益气健脾方剂治疗脾虚证的配伍规律。方法：采用苦寒泻下法复制大鼠脾虚模型，运用放射免疫分析法（RIA）检测白术茯苓汤及其与补气药。行气药及除湿药的不同配伍对脾虚大鼠胃泌素（GAS）、胃动素（MTL）及血管活性肠肽（VIP）的含量影响。结果：与正常对照组比较，脾虚模型大鼠GAS、MTL降低（P＜0．01），VIP升高（P＜0．01）；与自然恢复组比较，各治疗组以上部分或全部指标均有不同程度的改善，其中，以综合配伍组改善作用最优。结论：白术茯苓汤的脾虚大鼠胃肠激素的紊乱的某些指标，有一定的改善作用，综合配合组以上指标的改善，优于白术茯苓汤组及其余各配伍组，说明中医关于复方配伍的理论与实践，有其科学价值。     

前列腺增生伴逼尿肌无力患者的电切术治疗

目的 :探讨良性前列腺增生 (BPH)伴有逼尿肌无力 (ACD)患者的治疗方法和效果。方法 :对尿动力学检查确认有ACD的 12例BPH并发膀胱出口梗阻 (BOO)的患者 (A组 )进行经尿道前列腺电切术 (TURP)或加膀胱颈内切开术 (TUIBN) ,同时与逼尿肌功能正常或高于正常的行TURP的BPH患者 2 4例 (B组 )进行对照分析。结果 :A组术后 7～ 30d复查 ,国际前列腺症状评分 (IPSS)为 12 .5 8± 0 .70分 (P <0 .0 0 1) ,最大尿流率 (Qmax)为11.0 5± 0 .85ml/s (P <0 .0 5 ) ,均比术前有改善 ,但术后效果不如B组明显 (P <0 .0 0 1)。术后 3、6个月复查IPSS及Qmax,两组略有改变 ,但差异无显著性意义 (P >0 .0 5 ) ,剩余尿测定也均在正常范围。术后 3个月对ACD的 5例复查逼尿肌收缩力 ,无明显改善。结论 :对ACD并伴有BOO的BPH患者可以采取电切术治疗     

养阴清热、宣痹通络法治疗类风湿性关节炎的临床研究

目的 观察清络通痹颗粒治疗类风湿性关节炎阴虚络热证的临床疗效。方法 将118例患者随机分为清络通痹颗粒治疗组63例和雷公藤多甙片对照组55例，观察用药前后主要症状、体征和实验室检测指标的变化。结果 治疗组的临床治愈率为9．52％，临床治愈显效率为38．10％，总有效率为90．48％，疗效明显优于对照组的0％、20％、83．64％（P＜0．05）；治疗组的类风湿因子滴度、血沉、C反应蛋白、免疫球蛋白也明显降低，与对照组相比差异显著（P＜0．05或P＜0．01）。结论 清络通痹颗粒具有抗炎镇痛、调节免疫紊乱等作用，从而达到控制病情的治疗效果。     

The effect of adrenalectomy on stress-induced c-fos mRNA expression in the rat brain

Previously, we determined the pattern of stress-induced c-fos mRNA expression throughout the brain in order to gain further insight into the identification of the neural circuits mediating stress-induced regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. In the present study, we determined if rapid effects of increased glucocorticoid levels after stress contribute to changes in c-fos mRNA expression. To this end, stress-induced c-fos expression was characterized in adrenalectomized (ADX) or adrenalectomized and corticosterone replaced (ADX/B) male rats. Animals were sacrificed 30 min post-onset of a 10 min swim stress, and in situ hybridization histochemistry was used to detect c-fos mRNA throughout the brain. The pattern of c-fos induction in the ADX and ADX/B animals was similar to that observed in the sham operated animals. Additionally, densitometric measurements were made to quantify the c-fos response in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus and the CA1/2 region of the hippocampus. We found that ADX did not alter the magnitude of the c-fos response to stress in these areas, but there was a slight dampening of the response in ADX/B animals. In sum, these results suggest that the pattern of c-fos expression observed 30 min post-stress is independent of stress-induced increases in circulating glucocorticoid concentrations.