恶性脑胶质瘤术后三维适形放射治疗20例报告

目的：评价恶性脑胶质瘤术后三维适形放射治疗的近期疗效。方法：20例恶性脑胶质瘤术后的患者,采用三维适形放射治疗,3～5个野照射,肿瘤单次周边剂量2—3Gy,1次／d,5次／周,总剂量50-60Gy。结果：有效率(CR PR)80.0％,1年、2年生存率分别为95．0％、80．0％。无放射性脑损伤发生。结论：对于恶性脑胶质瘤术后患者行三维适形放射治疗将是一种有前途和潜力的治疗方法,有必要对其进行继续研究。     

胸腔闭式引流、沙培林治疗恶性胸腔积液临床研究

目的探讨中心静脉导管胸腔闭式引流配合腔内注射沙培林治疗恶性胸腔积液的临床意义。方法青霉素皮试阴性者,经胸腔闭式引流后将沙培林1KE、2KE、5KE、10KE（1KE相当于0．1mg的干链球菌＋2700U青霉素）注入胸腔,于术前30min采用消炎痛栓0．05g纳肛,每次注射后24h再次行胸腔引流,尽量将胸腔积液排尽后注药。每次注药后2b内,每间隔5～10min变换体位1次,尽量使药液同胸膜充分接触,以形成胸膜广泛粘连。结果56例病人中CR25例（44．6％）,PR22例（39．3％）,总有效率（CR＋PR）为83．9％。结论采用中心静脉导管胸腔闭式引流,加腔内注射沙培林,术前30min消炎痛栓0．05g纳肛治疗恶性胸腔积液疗效好,无明显不良反应,提高了病人的生存质量,延长了生存期。     

基于昼夜节律探讨和法治疗恶性肿瘤

“和法”是中医八法之一,应用范围广泛。恶性肿瘤具有一定节律性,应用昼夜节律抗肿瘤取得了良好的效果,但目前尚缺乏针对昼夜节律紊乱有效的干预措施。通过和寒热、和肝脾、和营卫3个方面对“和法”在调节昼夜节律紊乱层面进行探究,并明确和法在恶性肿瘤治疗中的应用,可为肿瘤时间疗法的研究提供参考。     

晚期非小细胞肺癌合并深静脉血栓18例临床分析

目的探讨晚期非小细胞肺癌合并深静脉血栓(deep venous thrombosis,DVT)的临床危险因素及预后,为晚期非小细胞肺癌合并DVT的预防及诊治提供临床依据。方法对吉林大学第一医院2008年7月至2010年4月收治的接受化疗的18例合并DVT的晚期非小细胞肺癌患者与同期87例不存在静脉血栓栓塞的晚期非小细胞肺癌患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果单因素分析显示腺癌、存在并存疾病、D-2聚体增高、白细胞计数增高、活化部分凝血酶时间(activeated partial thromboplastin time,APTT)缩短是晚期非小细胞肺癌发生DVT的危险因素(P<0.05)。多因素logistic回归显示腺癌、存在并存疾病、D-2聚体增高、白细胞计数增高、APTT缩短是晚期非小细胞肺癌发生DVT的独立危险因素。晚期非小细胞肺癌合并DVT患者生存时间低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论腺癌、存在并存疾病、D-2聚体增高、白细胞计数增高、APTT缩短是晚期非小细胞肺癌发生DVT的独立危险因素。合并DVT提示晚期非小细胞肺癌患者预后不良。     

Pigmented malignant teratoid medulloepithelioma of ciliary body – An extremely rare intraocular tumor in adult

Malignant teratoid medulloepithelioma of ciliary body is an extremely rare tumor usually occurring in children younger than 5 years of age and is usually amelanotic. Here, we report a very rare case of pigmented malignant teratoid medulloepithelioma in a 20-year old male patient who presented initially with pain, redness and proptosis of right eyeball. The right eyeball was enucleated. A histopathological diagnosis of orbital teratoma was made and no further treatment was given. Four months later, the patient developed another swelling in the same area. A review of the previous histopathology slides revealed a pigmented malignant teratoid medulloepithelioma. No nerve involvement was seen. MRI did not show any intracranial extension. The mass along with rest of the orbital tissue was removed. No adjuvant chemotherapy or radiotherapy was given due to the lack of intracranial extension. The patient was symptom free at 2-year follow-up and the repeat MRI also showed no evidence of recurrence.     

多瑞吉对恶性肿瘤治疗相关性疼痛止痛作用的前瞻性研究

目的 探讨用芬太尼贴剂(多瑞吉)治疗恶性肿瘤放化疗所致中重度口腔黏膜疼痛的可行性及安全性.方法 采用前瞻性随机对照研究的方法,将恶性肿瘤放、放化后出现口腔疼痛视觉评分(VAS)≥4分的患者,随机分为研究组和对照组:对照组仅给予VitBco漱口水含漱;研究组在此基础上加用多瑞吉治疗,起始剂量为2.5 mg,每3天更换,据疼痛程度调整.结果 研究组疼痛缓解率为87.8﹪,而对照组为43.48﹪,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);多瑞吉平均起效时间2.78±0.96天.研究组和对照组在进食时疼痛评分、进食恐惧感、对普鲁卡因的依赖、对治疗的信心及睡眠等方面的差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).不良反应主要表现为头昏、呕吐等,经对症治疗后可明显改善,未出现对多瑞吉成瘾及其他严重的不良反应.结论 多瑞吉对恶性肿瘤放化疗所致口腔疼痛有较好的止痛效果,且较迅速、安全,对放化疗所致中重度口腔疼痛而服用止痛药物困难的患者又提供了一个好的止痛方法.     

The degree of microRNA-34b/c methylation in serum-circulating DNA is associated with malignant pleural mesothelioma

Objectives

Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is an aggressive tumor with a poor prognosis. microRNA-34b/c (miR-34b/c), which plays an important role in the pathogenesis of MPM, is frequently downregulated by DNA methylation in approximately 90% of MPM cases. In this study, we estimated the degree of miR-34b/c methylation in serum-circulating DNA using a digital methylation specific PCR assay (MSP).

Materials and methods

A real-time MSP assay was performed using the SYBR Green method. The melting temperature (Tm) of each PCR product was examined using a melting curve analysis. For a digital MSP assay, 40 wells were analyzed per sample. A total of 110 serum samples from 48 MPM cases, 21 benign asbestos pleurisy (BAP) cases, and 41 healthy volunteers (HVs) were examined.

Results

Positive range of Tm value for miR-34b/c methylation was defined as 77.71–78.79 °C which was the mean ± 3 standard deviations of 40 wells of a positive control. The number of miR-34b/c methylated wells was counted per sample according to this criterion. The number of miR-34b/c methylated wells in MPM cases was significantly higher than that in BAP cases (P = 0.03) or HVs (P < 0.001). Advanced MPM cases tended to have higher number of miR-34b/c methylated wells than early MPM cases. Receiver–operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis revealed that three number of miR-34b/c methylated wells per sample was the best cut-off of positivity of MPM with a 67% of sensitivity and a 77% specificity for prediction. The area under the ROC curve was 0.77.

Conclusions

Our digital MSP assay can quantify miR-34b/c methylation in serum-circulating DNA. The degree of miR-34b/c methylation in serum-circulating DNA is associated with MPM, suggesting that this approach might be useful for the establishment of a new detection system for MPM.     

恶性肿瘤患者念珠菌感染的主要临床特征分析

 目的 了解恶性肿瘤患者念珠菌感染临床的特点,分析念珠菌感染的危险因素,为念珠菌感染的预防和监控提供指导作用。方法 采用查阅病历的方法,收集2004年1月～2005年12月在唐山市人民医院住院并发生念珠菌感染的恶性肿瘤患者的相关资料。结果 785例恶性肿瘤患者念珠菌感染率为21.02%;念珠菌类型主要是白色念珠菌（77.78%）,其次为光滑念珠菌（11.77%）。最易发生感染的部位是口腔及上呼吸道,占55.75%。性别对念珠菌感染没有影响,主要危险因素为年龄≥60岁、住院时间长、肿瘤分期晚、接受化疗及放疗、广谱抗生素和激素的大量使用、各种侵入性诊疗操作的应用等。结论 念珠菌是临床重要的条件致病菌,免疫力低下是恶性肿瘤患者发生念珠菌感染的重要原因,必须重视念珠菌感染的预防和监控。     

双路径化疗治疗老年人恶性胸腔积液40例临床分析

目的探讨胸膜腔（以下简称胸腔）置管引流并双路径化疗治疗老年恶性胸膜腔积液（以下简称胸腔积液）的疗效及不良反应。方法40例肺癌并恶性胸腔积液的老年病人,Ps评分1-2分,行胸腔置管引流术后,胸腔内灌注博莱霉素（BLM）每次60mg,lL-2每次200万IU,1次／wk,同步吉西他滨单药化疗（800—1000mg／m^2,ivdrip,d1,d8,d15,每4wk重复）,观察不良反应,2周期后评价疗效。结果全组有效率为85．0％（34／40）,CR10例（25％）,PR24例（60％）,NR6例（15％）,中位生存期10mo,主要不良反应为I—II°血小板减少及皮疹。结论胸腔置管引流并双路径化疗治疗老年恶性胸腔积液疗效好,不良反应较轻,是一种可行有效的综合治疗方法。     

胸膜固定术联合培美曲赛治疗老年非小细胞肺癌并发恶性胸腔积液的临床观察

目的 观察局部胸膜固定术联合培美曲塞全身化疗治疗老年非小细胞肺癌（NSCLC）并发恶性胸腔积液的有效性和安全性。方法 64例老年NSCLC并发恶性胸腔积液患者随机分为A、B两组,治疗前均采用中心静脉导管行胸腔置管闭式引流术。A组31例, 仅行局部胸膜固定术,具体为：香菇多糖4mg+顺铂40mg／m²,局部胸腔注入,每周1次,连续2～3周。B组33例,在A组治疗的基础上再给予单药培美曲塞全身化疗,具体方案为：培美曲塞500mg／m² d₁,3周为1周期,共2周期。结果 A组胸腔积液缓解有效率为64.6％,B组为87.9％,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;A组KPS评分改善率为71.0％,B组为909％,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。两组患者毒副反应均较轻,其中B组白细胞减少的发生率为36.4%,高于A组的12.9%（P＜0.05）。结论 局部胸膜固定术联合培美曲塞全身化疗治疗老年NSCLC并发恶性胸腔积液疗效优于单纯胸膜固定术,且毒副反应轻微,易耐受。