Expression of immunoregulatory cytokines in neurons of the lateral hypothalamic area and amygdaloid nuclear complex of rats immunized against human IgG

Present results showed that interleukin-1 (IL-1), IL-6 and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) were constitutively expressed in the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei of the rat hypothalamus. Immunoreactive cells were also detected, but to a lesser extent, in other parts of hypothalamus as well as in the cerebral cortex. In rats immunized with IgG, there was moderate increase in immunoreactivities of the cytokines. A notable feature, however, was the induction of the cytokine expression in the lateral hypothalamic area and the amygdaloid nuclear complex, suggesting that the neurons in these two areas are involved in possible immune regulation.     

Sodium Tetradecyl Sulphate Sclerotherapy for Lateral Malleolar Bursitis of the Ankle

BackgroundThe aim of this study was to evaluate clinical outcomes of sodium tetradecyl sulphate (STS) sclerotherapy for conservative treatment of lateral malleolar bursitis of the ankle.MethodsWe reviewed data from 20 consecutive patients (20 ankles) who underwent STS sclerotherapy between August 2018 and June 2019. After aspiration of fluid from the lateral malleolar bursal sac, 2 mL (20 mg) STS was injected into the sac. Clinical outcomes and side effects and complications were evaluated at 2 weeks, 3 months, 1 year, and 2 years after sclerotherapy. Responses to treatment were assessed according to degree of fluctuation, shrinkage of the bursal sac, and soft-tissue swelling. The 36-item short form survey (SF-36) was completed for each patient before and after therapy.ResultsComplete response was observed in 17 patients (85%), and partial response was observed in 3 patients (15%) after STS sclerotherapy. SF-36 physical component scores improved from 62.2 (interquartile range, 5.2) before therapy to 70.0 (interquartile range, 7.9) at last follow-up (p < 0.05). One patient (5%) experienced transient hyperpigmentation at the injection site. No major complications occurred.ConclusionsSTS sclerotherapy was an effective and safe treatment for patients with lateral malleolar bursitis of the ankle.     

Isolated partial tear of extensor digitorum longus tendon with overlying muscle herniation in acute ankle sports injury: role of high resolution musculoskeletal ultrasound

Lateral Ankle sprain is a common sports-related trauma with the mechanism of injury ranging from inversion to plantar flexion. These injuries commonly affect the ligaments but can also affect the associated soft tissue structures like the eversion muscles and tendons. Prompt and accurate diagnosis of such injuries is warranted so as to ensure early return to play and prevent long-term complications. Lateral ankle sprain injuries in sports may not always be associated with ligament injuries. We report a never before reported case of lateral ankle sprain injury in a soccer player with the unusual finding of isolated partial tear of Extensor digitorum longus muscle and its fascia leading to myo-fascial herniation. The lateral ankle ligaments were intact. The diagnosis was clinched on a high-frequency ultrasound scan supported by dynamic maneuvers which in fact proved to be superior to MRI as the latter failed to demonstrate the myo-fascial herniation in our case. We therefore propose that real-time ultrasound scanning with dynamic maneuvers should be the first line of investigation to assess sports injuries in anatomically complex joints like the ankle.     

臀大肌注射侧卧姿势效果观察

目的:探讨行臀大肌肌内注射的最佳姿势.方法:对84例被试者分别采取侧卧位上腿伸直,下腿稍弯曲(对照组)和上腿自然屈曲向前放于床上,下腿伸直(实验组)进行臀大肌注射,并进行自身对照.结果:实验组疼痛率低于对照组(P<0.05),实验组推药阻力低于对照组(P<0.01).结论:侧卧位行臀大肌注射时,宜取上腿自然屈曲向前放于床上,下腿伸直的姿势,以减轻疼痛和不适.     

鞍侧腔外侧壁手术切开的应用解剖学研究

目的为经鞍侧腔(LSC)外侧壁手术切开提供解剖学基础。方法对15例(30侧)成人头颅标本的LSC外侧壁进行解剖观测。结果①硬膜内途径沿前岩床皱襞分离LSC外侧壁脑膜时却可将LSC外侧壁明确的分为3层;②动眼神经鞘膜袋前部深(4.69±1.31)mm,后部深(6.50±1.58)mm;③滑车神经LSC段可分为4型:近眼神经型30%(9侧)、近动眼神经型33.3%(10侧)、"S"型10%(3侧)、直型26.7%(8侧)。结论熟悉LSC外侧壁膜层次、动眼神经鞘膜袋及滑车神经走行特点,有助于减少或避免LSC外侧壁手术切开的并发症,有助于扩大手术显露。     

外侧裂区脑挫裂伤86例手术治疗效果观察

目的总结外侧裂区脑挫裂伤的手术治疗效果。方法回顾性分析86例外侧裂区脑挫裂伤手术治疗患者的临床资料。结果根据GOS标准,良好48例,中残11例,重残9例,植物生存5例,死亡13例。结论尽快充分解除外侧裂区血管受压能提高手术疗效。     

Lateral Epicondylitis

Abstract

Occupationally acquired lateral epicondylitis is the focus of this case study. The patient is a 43 year old female who is employed as an electronics assembler with a one year history of left lateral epicondylitis. The evaluation and treatment of the patient is presented as well as pertinent literature that is relevant to the clinical situation.     

次侧切术治疗期肛裂前后肛门直肠压力对比分析

目的 :探讨次侧切开内括约肌治疗肛裂术前、术后肛门直肌压力的变化。方法 :采用自行设计的次侧方内括约肌切开加双缘结扎术治疗 期肛裂 6 0例 ,测定手术前后肛门直肠压力 ,并与 6 0例正常人肛压比较 ,评价新术式治疗 期肛裂的临床疗效及其对肛门功能的影响。结果 :显示术后患者肛管静息压显著降低 ,与术前比较有显著性差异 (P <0 .0 1) ,与正常人比较无显著性差异 (P>0 .0 5 ) ;肛管最大收缩压与术前及正常人比较无显著性差异 (P>0 .0 5 )。结论 :次侧方内括约肌切开加双缘结扎术能有效地解除内括约肌痉挛 ,从根本上消除高肛压 ,从而彻底治愈肛裂 ,而且不影响肛门功能。     

Subciliary incision and lateral cantholysis in rigid internal fixation of zygomatic complex fractures

Objective: To introduce the technique of subciliary incision and lateral cantholysis with tri-dimension reduction and rigid internal fixation to treat zygomatic complex fractures. Methods：The subciliary incision and lateral cantholysis combined with tri-dimension reduction and rigid internal fixation of zygomatic complex fractures with titanium microplates were applied in 56 patients with zygomatic complex fractures. Another lateral eyebrow incision or sublabial incision was used to simplify the operation. Results: The postoperative follow-up period ranged from 6 months to 5 years. During the follow-up period, all the patients had satisfying postoperative results. All clinical symptoms disappeared except the numbness in the infraorbital region in 2 patients. In 94.6% patients no complications such as obvious scar, ectropion, entropion or blepharoedema were found, only 5.4% of the patients had slight ectropion 6 months after operation. Conclusions: The subciliary incision and lateral cantholysis have many advantages such as invisible scar,sufficient exposure, minimal injury, and few complications and combined with rigid internal fixation with titanium microplates this technique could be used as one of the routine operation methods to treat zygomatic complex fractures.     

The free lateral arm flap in reconstructive hand surgery

Microsurgical tissue transplantation has provided a great advance in reconstructive surgery, especially regarding upper limb defects. Compared to conventional pedicled flaps, mobilisation can occur earlier, hospital stay is shorter and no additional interventions for pedicle detachment and flap inset are needed. The lateral arm flap is an exceptionally versatile free flap with straightforward dissection and low donor site morbidity. End-to-side anastomosis preserves blood flow through the main arteries to the hand and reduces the risk of vascular compromise of the hand, which is especially important in case of severe hand injuries. Sixteen patients who underwent hand reconstruction using the lateral arm free flap are reviewed. All arterial anastomoses were conducted in end-to-side-technique either to the radial or the ulnar artery. There was no total- or partial-flap failure and only one revisional procedure due to a haematoma under the anastomosis. Eight flaps required secondary defatting, combined with removal of osteosynthesis material or tenolysis. From our point of view the free lateral arm flap is a very reliable and versatile method to resurface small and medium sized hand defects.