Substance P: localization within paleostriatal-tegmental pathways in the pigeon

Immunohistochemical techniques were used to determine the distribution of substance P-like immunoreactivity within the paleostriatal complex and within the projection targets of the paleostriatal complex in the pigeon. The density of substance P-like immunoreactivity was found to be much greater in the paleostriatal complex than in immediately overlying portions of the telencephalon (such as the neostriatum and ectostriatum). The small-celled zone of the paleostriatal complex (equivalent to the mammalian caudate-putamen) is characterized by the presence of numerous neurons and fibers that show intense substance P-like immunoreactivity. A higher density of neurons containing substance P-like immunoreactivity was observed within the more medial subdivision of the small-celled zone of the paleostriatal complex (termed the lobus parolfactorius), than in the more lateral subdivision of the small-celled zone of the paleostriatal complex (termed the paleostriatum augmentatum). Many of the substance P-containing fibers within the neuropil of lobus parolfactorius and paleostriatum augmentatum appeared to represent the processes of the substance P-containing neurons of those regions. A dense network of seemingly thick, coarse substance P-containing fibers was observed in the large-celled zone of the avian paleostriatal complex (termed the paleostriatum primitivum). A few medium-sized substance P-containing neurons were evident in the latter area.In addition to fine substance P-containing fibers, numerous thick substance P-immunoreactive fibers were observed in the lobus parolfactorius. The substance P-containing fibers of this region appeared to contribute to a dense substance P-containing fiber plexus in the ventromedial floor of the telencephalon. This region, through which the medial forebrain bundle courses, has been termed the ventral paleostriatum by Kitt &; Brauth.³⁶ The medial forebrain bundle could be traced as a substance P-positive fiber bundle from within the ventral paleostriatum to the midbrain tegmentum. Within the midbrain tegmentum, the fibers of the medial forebrain bundle could be traced into prominent substance P-immunoreactive terminal fields over the cell bodies and neuropil of the catecholaminergic cell groups of the tegmentum, including the ventral tegmental area of Tsai and the nucleus tegmentipedunculopontinus. Within the latter nucleus, substance P-containing fibers and terminals were most densely concentrated within the dorsomedial portion of the nucleus. Kitt &; Brauth³⁶have recently shown by horseradish peroxidase and autoradiographic pathway tracing techniques that the lobus parolfactorius projects to the portions of the ventral tegmental area and nucleus pedunculopontinus that were observed to contain a dense field of substance P-containing fibers and terminals. Unilateral knife cuts of the medial forebrain bundle at rostral diencephalic levels were found to eliminate nearly totally the substance P-immunoreactivity from the neuropil of the ventral tegmental area and nucleus pendunculopontinus on the ipsilateral side of the brain.The present findings argue that, as in mammals, portions of the small-celled zone of the basal ganglia (or paleostriatal complex) in birds may utilize substance P as a neurotransmitter or modulator in their projections upon catecholaminergic cell groups of the midbrain. The present data further suggest that the lobus parolfactorius and paleostriatum augmentatum together in birds are to be considered equivalent to the mammalian caudate-putamen and nucleus accumbens. Previous studies had only emphasized the similarity of paleostriatum augmentatum to the mammalian caudate-putamen.^4,33     

平喘合剂对寒性哮喘患者自由基代谢的影响

目的：观察平喘合剂及普米克，氨茶碱对哮喘患者临床疗效及过氧化脂质（LPO），超氧化舶歧化酶（SOD）的影响。方法：运用亚硝酸盐法及比以法检测SOD，LPO。结果：平喘合剂治疗组与对照组综合疗效无显著差异治疗组治疗后LPO比治疗前明显降低。SOD治疗后比治疗前显著提高。结论：平喘合剂可降低LPO。提高SOD而治疗哮喘。     

高脂血症中医辨证分型与过氧化脂质、超氧化物歧化酶的相关性

目的:探讨高脂血症中医辨证分型与过氧化脂质(LPO)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)的相关性。方法:对172例高脂血症患者进行中医辨证分型,其中痰浊阻遏型75例,脾肾阳虚型15例,肝肾阴虚型20例,阴虚阳亢型38例,气滞血瘀型24例。检测LPO及SOD,将5种证型的各项指标进行组间对照分析,探讨其相关性。结果:各证型的LPO均高于正常范围,其中以脾肾阳虚型最高,其他依次为肝肾阴虚、气滞血瘀、阴虚阳亢、痰浊阻遏,各证型的SOD均低于正常范围,以肝肾阴虚型最低,其他4型由低到高依次为阴虚阳亢、痰浊阻遏、脾肾阳虚、气滞血瘀。脾肾阳虚型LPO与其他4型比较,经过统计学检验有显著性差异(P<0.05);肝肾阴虚型SOD与其他4型有显著差异(P<0.05),气滞血瘀型与阴虚阳亢、痰浊阻遏、脾肾阳虚有显著差异(P<0.05)。结果表明高脂血症中医辨证分型与LPO、SOD存在一定的相关性。结论:LPO及SOD可以考虑作为中医辨证分型客观化的现代化检测指标。     

有机硒对铅高负荷孕妇干预效果观察

目的 :观察有机硒对高血铅孕妇干预效果。方法 :通过严格的临床质量控制 ,应用石墨炉原子吸收光谱法 ,对平均血铅在 0 .34μmo1/ L 的自愿服用早期孕妇 ,采用有机硒进行全程干预 ,测定血铅及微量元素水平。结果 :孕妇至 38周分娩前干预组血铅增加 2 1.5 % ,明显低于对照组 (6 4 .5 % ) ;锌含量增加 ,并显示 GSH- Px活性提高、 L PO含量降低 ,差异有非常显著性 (P<0 .0 1)。结论 :有机硒对怀孕期间铅增高趋势有阻遏作用 ,有增强抗氧化活性功能 ,并促进锌的贮存。表明有机硒有用于预防婴儿铅中毒可能     

滋肾清肝颗粒对高催乳素血症大鼠PRL、LH、SOD、LPO的影响

目的研究滋肾清肝颗粒对高催乳素血症(HPRL)的治疗作用。方法用己烯雌酚造成HPRL大鼠模型,观察滋肾清肝颗粒对血中PRL、LH、SOD、LPO的影响。结果滋肾清肝颗粒可以显著降低HPRL动物模型中PRL和LPO含量,升高LH和SOD活力。结论滋肾清肝颗粒具有治疗HPRL血症的作用。     

复方田七胶囊对骨折术后体内氧自由基和表皮细胞生长因子的影响

为观察复方田七胶囊对骨折术后体内氧自由基(SOD、LPO)和表皮细胞生长因子(EGF)的影响,将150例骨折患者按数字表随机分为复方田七胶囊治疗组、VitC治疗对照组、空白对照组三组,每组50例,采用放射免疫方法对各组术后SOD、LPO、EGF值进行监测.结果显示在术后第5、8天,复方田七胶囊治疗组的SOD值为352.28±74.21ng.ml-1、369.35±75.77ng.ml-1、EGF值为112.43±15.68pg.ml-1、98.27±14.31pg.ml-1,高于两对照组;LPO值为7.62±2.73nm.ml-1、6.12±2.11nm.ml-1,低于两对照组.提示复方田七胶囊治疗组在清除氧自由基、促进创伤恢复方面优于两对照组.表明复方田七胶囊不但能够清除氧自由基,而且能使机体内源性EGF处于高水平状态,从而对创伤的机体起到保护和修复的作用.     

脑络通对实验性大鼠脑缺血的保护作用

脑络通胶囊能够降低不完全性脑缺血模型大鼠的脑含水量、毛细血管通透性,并且能够降低缺血脑组织过氧化脂质含量,提高过氧化物歧化酶活性。     

老年脾肾虚证LPO、SOD、血脂关系的探讨

中医脾虚、肾虚与衰老有密切联系 ,而衰老与体内自由基代谢、脂质代谢水平有关。本文对老年脾虚、肾虚证血浆过氧化脂质 (ＬＰＯ)、超氧化物歧化酶(ＳＯＤ)、血中总胆固醇 (ＴＣ)、血浆甘油三脂 (ＴＧ)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇 (ＨＤＬ Ｃ)及Ｔ的关系进行了探讨 ,主要结果如下。资     

芪附汤对老龄小鼠酶活性的影响

用不同剂量黄芪组方的芪附汤每日喂服18日龄小鼠35天后，测其脑中单胺氧化酶（MAO－B）、血中谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH－Px）、红细胞中超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、血清中过氧化物脂质（LPO）的活性。结果显示，芪附汤可以显著抑制脑中MAO－B的活性和血清中LPO的生成，增强血中GSH－Px的活性，原剂量组和大剂量组黄芪组方的芪附汤还可以显著提高红细胞中SOD的活性。     

肺康灵对实验性大鼠肺纤维化的作用

肺康灵可显著降低博莱霉素所致肺纤维化大鼠肺系数，明显减轻肺间质成纤维细胞增生及炎细胞浸润，显著降低纤维化大鼠肺组织羟脯氨酸含量，降低血清过氧化脂质含量及单胺氧化酶活性。