石斛合剂对衰老大鼠的丙二醛、超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化脂质及免疫功能的影响研究

目的：观察石斛合剂对衰老大鼠的丙二醛（MDA）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化脂质（LPO）及免疫功能的影响。方法：采用D-半乳糖腹腔注射制备衰老大鼠模型,随机分为5组,正常对照组、衰老模型对照组和衰老模型石斛合剂治疗组（该组分为3组,剂量分别为0.06 g.kg-1、0.2 g.kg-1、0.6 g.kg-1）进行对比研究。结果：与正常组及其相应的对照组比较,石斛合剂能降低衰老大鼠的MDA浓度,提高SOD活性,降低LPO活性,增加外周白细胞数和促进T淋巴细胞增殖和提高自然杀伤细胞（NK）活性（P〈0.05）。结论：石斛合剂具有一定的抗衰老和增强免疫功能的作用。     

The anti-inflammatory activities of an extract and compounds isolated from Platycladus orientalis (Linnaeus) Franco in vitro and ex vivo

Ethnopharmacological relevance

As a Chinese traditional herbal medicine, leaves of Platycladus orientalis (Linnaeus) Franco (LPO) are used to treat coughs, excessive mucus secretion, chronic bronchitis, bronchiectasis, and asthma, etc. The experiments were carried out to investigate their anti-inflammatory properties and mechanisms, which could support the Chinese traditional uses of treating inflammatory airway diseases.

Materials and methods

The anti-inflammatory activities of the chloroform fraction (CHL) and pure compounds of LPO were evaluated for their abilities to inhibit pro-inflammatory enzymes in vitro, and production of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and nitric oxide in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. Furthermore, the arachidonic acid metabolites, stimulated by calcium ionophore A23187, were also determined by HPLC.

Results

For the first time, the assays of eicosanoids in intact cells showed that the CHL, hinokiol, and acacetin had significant inhibitory effects on 5-hydroxy-eicosa-tetra-enoic acid (5-HETE) and leukotriene B₄ (LTB4) formations. And cell-free enzyme assays (5-lipoxygenase, leukotriene A₄-hydrolase, cyclooxgenase-2) demonstrated the potent inhibitory effects of the CHL, hinokiol and acacetin on 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX). Then, the inhibitions of the CHL, hinokiol on NO biosynthesis and the inhibitions of the CHL, 8(14),15-pimaradien-3β,18-diol, and hinokiol on TNF-α release were also confirmed in the RAW264.7 murine macrophages.

Conclusion

The data indicate that the inhibitory effects of the CHL and its components (hinokiol and acacetin) on 5-LOX contribute to the anti-inflammatory activity of LPO. Moreover, the CHL and its components also show beneficial effects on NO and TNF-α production. Consequently, these results provide a rationale for LPO's traditional applications in the treatment of inflammatory airway diseases.     

Towards a better understanding of medicinal uses of the brown seaweed Sargassum in Traditional Chinese Medicine: a phytochemical and pharmacological review

Ethnopharmacological relevance

For nearly 2000 years Sargassum spp., a brown seaweed, has been used in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) to treat a variety of diseases including thyroid disease (e.g. goitre).

Aims of the review

To assess the scientific evidence for therapeutic claims made for Sargassum spp. in TCM and to identify future research needs.

Background and methods

A systematic search for the use of Sargassum in classical TCM books was conducted and linked to a search for modern phytochemical and pharmacological data on Sargassum spp. retrieved from PubMed, Web of Knowledge, SciFinder Scholar and CNKI (in Chinese).

Results and discussion

The therapeutic effects of Sargassum spp. are scientifically plausible and may be explained partially by key in vivo and in vitro pharmacological activities of Sargassum, such as anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial and antiviral activities. Although the mechanism of actions is still not clear, the pharmacological activities could be mainly attributed to the major biologically active metabolites, meroterpenoids, phlorotanins and fucoidans. The contribution of iodine in Sargassum for treating thyroid related diseases seem to have been over estimated.

Conclusions

The bioactive compounds in Sargassum spp. appear to play a role as immunomodulators and could be useful in the treatment of thyroid related diseases such as Hashimoto's thyroiditis. Further research is required to determine both the preventative and therapeutic role of Sargassum spp. in thyroid health.     

Clerodendron glandulosum.Coleb extract ameliorates high fat diet/fatty acid induced lipotoxicity in experimental models of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis

This study evaluates the protective role of Clerodendron glandulosum.Coleb (CG) aqueous extract against high fat diet/fatty acid induced lipotoxicity in experimental models of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Supplementation of NASH mice with CG extract (1% and 3% in high fat diet for 16 weeks) prevented high fat diet induced elevation in liver enzymes, plasma and hepatic lipids, mitochondrial oxidative stress and compromised enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant status and histopathological damage to hepatocytes. Furthermore, results from in vitro study indicates, addition of CG extract (20–200 μg/ml for 24 h) to HepG2 cells minimizes oleic acid induced lipid accumulation, higher lipid peroxidation, cytotoxicity and reduced cell viability. These in vivo and in vitro studies suggest that CG extract has the potential of preventing high fat/fatty acid induced NASH.     

榄香烯对受分次γ线照射小鼠的防护效应

用3H－TdR掺入法，测定受分次γ线照射的小鼠脾淋巴细胞转化功能，同时测定受照小鼠胞、肺、肝、脾SOD活力和LPO含量。结果表明，榄香烯提高了小鼠T、B淋巴细胞的辐射抗性（P＜0．05），以及脾、肝、肺SOD活力（p＜0．01、P＜0．05），降低脾LPO含量（p＜0．01）。提示榄香烯的辐射免疫保护机理之一，是由于增强组织SOD活力，降低LPO含量，从而减少自由基及有害物质对淋巴细胞的损伤。     

古方地黄饮子抗衰老作用的研究

实验观察了古方地黄饮子的抗衰老作用。结果表明地黄饮子（２％和４％）能延长果蝇平均寿命（Ｐ＜０．０５）和最高寿命；能降低３月龄小鼠血浆过氧化脂质（ＬＰＯ），升高红细胞谷胱甘肽（ＧＳＨ）（２０ｇ·ｋｇ－１·ｄ－１·２８ｄ，ｉｇ，Ｐ＜０．０５或Ｐ＜０．０１）；能显著减低９月龄小鼠随增龄增加的血浆ＬＰＯ（１．０ｇ＆２．５ｇ·ｋｇ－１·ｄ＼｛－１＼｝·１６ｗ，ｉｇ，Ｐ＜０．０５）；能抑制体外大鼠肝、脑匀浆ＬＰＯ生成（Ｐ＜０．０１），抑制率与剂量呈良好相关；延长小鼠游泳和常压下耐缺氧时间（２０ｇ＆１２ｇ·ｋｇ－１·ｄ＼＋－１·８ｄ，ｉｇ，Ｐ＜０．０５）。结果提示地黄饮子有延寿抗衰作用。     

中性粘多糖对沙土鼠缺血再灌流脑组织的影响

应用沙土鼠制成脑缺血再灌流的模型，研究中性粘多糖（ＮＭ）对其脑组织的影响。提示ＮＭ可通过某些途径抑制或消除氧自由基，阻止脂质过氧化反应，具有保护内源性ＳＯＤ和抗氧化作用。     

双酚A对雄性小鼠生殖系统的影响

工业时代的到来,给人类社会带来了高度的物质文明,但也给人类的生存环境带来了种种问题.越来越多的证据表明,存在于环境中一些人工合成的化学物质具有体内雌激素的生物效应,可以干扰鸟类、爬行类以及哺乳类野生动物或实验动物正常的内分泌功能,改变动物在发育和成年阶段胞内信号过程,并由此造成动物的雌雄性别的改变以及畸形等病变,人们称这类物质为环境雌激素、内分泌干扰剂、内分泌活性化合物或分泌干扰化合物等[1] . 环境雌激素是指一类外源性化合物进入机体后,具有干扰体内正常分泌物质的合成、释放、转运、代谢、结合等过程,激活或抑制内分泌系统功能,从而破坏其维持机体稳定性和调控作用的物质[2].在环境污染物中有许多物质具有雌激素活性.世界范围内对有关数据的统计目前尚无准确之论,大约有50～70种[3],主要有农药(如DDT及其代谢产物) 、工业化学物(如非离子表面活性剂和多氯联苯)、人工合成的药用雌激素(如DES)、植物雌激素( 如类异黄酮、玉米赤霉烯酮)和环境污染物(如二NFDA2NFDA3)[4].大量研究表明人和动物接触环境雌激素对健康可产生危害作用.BPA(bisphenol A),又称双酚A,是塑料工业制造聚碳酸脂、环氧树脂、聚酚树脂及聚氧树脂等的重要原料.近年来有报道,表明其具有雌激素样作用,影响生殖功能[5].但是,关于BPA对雌性生殖系统的影响研究较多,而对于雄性生殖系统的影响报道很少.因此,为了解BPA对雄性哺乳类生殖系统的影响及其作用机制 ,我们对染毒小鼠精子数量、活动力及形态,并对睾丸的谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px) 活力、脂质过氧化物(LPO)含量进行了检测.     

Characterization of antigens on mosquito midgut stages of Plasmodium gallinaceum. III. Changes in zygote surface proteins during transformation to mature ookinete

Proteins expressed on the surface of zygotes of Plasmodium gallinaceum during their development from fertilization to mature ookinetes have been examined by lactoperoxidase catalysed surface radioiodination and immunoprecipitation with stage-specific immune rabbit sera and sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Surface-labelled proteins of apparent Mr equal to or greater than 55 000 on the female gametes and newly fertilized zygotes were shed during transformation and were recovered quantitatively and apparently intact from the culture supernatant. Zygote surface proteins of Mr 50 000, 19 000 and 17 000 remained bound to the surface throughout the transformation. Three proteins were expressed de novo on the surface of the mature ookinete of which Mr 26 000 and 28 000 represented major surface components and Mr 52 000 a relatively minor component.     

青石棉染尘大鼠血,肺中SOD,LPO变化的研究

对大鼠经气管内注入青石棉纤维，在染尘后９０、１８０、２７０、３６０和５４０天动态观察血和肺中超氧化物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ）、脂质过氧化物（ＬＰＯ）及ＳＯＤ／ＬＰＯ比值的变化。结果表明，青石棉可诱发大鼠血和肺组织中自由基反应增强，ＳＯＤ活性降低，脂质过氧化反应增高，ＬＰＯ含量升高，抗氧化能力降低，ＳＯＤ／ＬＰＯ比值降低，体内抗氧化和脂质过氧化平衡失调。