50岁以上肾移植的临床分析

自１９８９年１月～１９９５年１２月共施行同种异体尸肾移植术５５６例次，其中５０岁以上患者１８２例（３２７％），对这些患者的临床资料进行比较分析。结果显示：５０岁以上组１、３、５年的人／肾存活率分别为８３４％／７９３％、７７１％／７１１％和５４５％／４５５％，与４９岁以下组比较差异无显著性（Ｐ＞００５），急性排斥发生率并不比４９岁以下组高，并发症发生率尤其是感染发生率及致死率均高于４９岁以下组（Ｐ＜００５）。本资料说明，年龄不是肾移植的主要影响因素，感染和心血管并发症是主要的死亡原因和影响长期存活的因素。适应证的选择和术前充分透析，术后合理应用免疫抑制剂，定期复查及心、肝、肺功能的监护，是提高高龄肾移植患者长期存活的主要因素。     

肾癌伴下腔静脉癌栓的诊断及治疗（附11例报告）

报告１１例肾细胞癌伴下腔静脉癌栓患者，男９例，女２例；右侧８例，左侧３例。临床症状：血尿９例，腹部肿物２例，仅１例出现下肢水肿、腹壁浅静脉扩张。全部病人均经ＣＴ扫描或ＣＴ和ＭＲＩ检查明确诊断。１０例经上腹正中或胸腹联合切口取出癌栓连同患肾一并切除。５例术前无其它部位转移者术后平均存活５年２个月，１例术后２个月死亡，２例术前肾蒂淋巴结及肾周脂肪侵犯者中１例存活２年５个月死于非肿瘤疾病，１例目前已存活３年１个月尚在，２例失访。本组腔静脉癌栓发生率占同期肾癌病人的２．７％。本组ＣＴ与ＭＲＩ相结合应用诊断符合率为９８０％。     

X线和苏拉明联合应用诱导肾癌GRC—1细胞凋亡的研究

为寻求敏感而有效的治疗肾癌的方法，采用Ｘ线照射和不同剂量的苏拉明联合应用的方法诱导肾癌ＧＲＣ１细胞凋亡，以原位缺口末端标记和ＤＮＡ片断梯度电泳分析法检测。结果显示：本法可诱导肾癌ＧＲＣ１细胞凋亡，并随苏拉明剂量的增加，凋亡细胞增多（最高６８．２％）。随时间延长凋亡细胞数增多（最高达６６．２％）。ＤＮＡ片断梯度电泳分析表明，随苏拉明剂量增加和给药后时间的延长，ＤＮＡ片断梯度改变更加明显。结果提示Ｘ线和苏拉明联合应用治疗肾癌，可望取得良好的治疗效果。     

Hemophagocytic syndrome and T-cell lymphoma after kidney transplantation: a case report

Lymphoma in immunocompromised transplant patients is a feared cause of morbidity and mortality. Superimposed on the lymphoma and the transplantation immunosuppression is a rare condition: hemophagocytic syndrome (HS). HS is characterized by fever, hepatosplenomegaly and lymphadenopathy, skin rashes, jaundice, coagulopathy, and phagocytosis of blood elements with pancytopenia. Here we describe a rare but fatal case of a kidney transplant patient who developed T-cell lymphoma and HS, without evidence of EBV replication. A short review of the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of HS is given. Received: 4 March 1997 Received after revision: 6 June 1997 Accepted: 30 June 1997     

Post-transplantation diabetes is better controlled after conversion from prednisone to deflazacort: a prospective trial in renal transplants

It is well known that long-term use of steroids plays a decisive role in the development of glucose intolerance and diabetes mellitus (DM). Deflazacort, an oxazoline derivative of prednisolone, has been introduced as a potential substitute for conventional steroids in order to ameliorate glucose intolerance. We initiated a randomized study of conversion from prednisone to deflazacort in kidney transplantation (Tx) recipients presenting with pre-Tx or post-Tx DM to ascertain whether or not the switch to deflazacort would ameliorate the diabetic state. Forty-two recipients in the conversion group were compared with 40 patients on prednisone (the control group) in a prospective manner. The dose reduction of insulin or oral blood glucose-lowering agents, the adequacy of glucose control, and the development of side effects were the criteria for evaluating outcome. In the conversion group, patients were switched to deflazacort at a dose ratio of 6 mg deflazacort to 5 mg prednisone. During the mean follow-up period of 13.2 months, neither graft dysfunction nor acute rejection developed in the conversion group. Improvement in blood glucose control in the conversion group was noted. When the conversion group was stratified into pre- or post-Tx DM, promising effects were clearly evident in the post-Tx DM patients. More than 50 % dose reduction of blood glucose-lowering agents was possible in 42.3 % of post-Tx DM patients. In conclusion, it was readily possible to control blood glucose better in post-Tx DM recipients without seriously affecting the immunosuppressive activity after conversion to deflazacort. Received: 20 August 1996 Received after revision: 25 November 1996 Accepted: 6 December 1996     

Is obesity still a risk factor in renal transplantation?

At our center, since 1982, a body mass index (BMI) of less than 30 has been a prerequisite for placing a patient on the waiting list for renal transplantation. This decision was made because obese transplant recipients seemed to have a less than favorable post-transplant outcome. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether this requirement is still justified. Forty-six patients with a BMI above 30 underwent primary cadaveric renal transplantation between 1972 and 1993. For each of these obese patients, five consecutive non-obese (BMI 20–25) control patients were selected. Patient and graft survival, causes of graft loss, and acute rejection rate were evaluated for the two patient groups before and after the year 1982. Within the first 30 post-transplant days, one patient (2 %) and 11 grafts (24 %) were lost in the group of obese patients whereas seven patients (3 %) and 36 grafts (16 %) were lost in the control group. Among the obese patients, renal circulatory complications were a major cause of graft loss. In the period 1973–1981, the 1-year patient survival rate was 65 % among obese patients versus 75 % among controls from 1982 to 1993, this was 90 % versus 93 %. From 1973 to 1981, the 1-year graft survival rate was 25 % among obese patients versus 53 % among controls (P < 0.05); from 1982 to 1993, it was 68 % versus 84 % (P = NS). Multivariate analysis showed that the immunosuppressive regimen, age of the patient, BMI, and cold ischemia time of the graft had a significant influence on graft survival. The acute rejection rate within the first 30 days was 28 % among obese patients and 35 % among controls (P = NS). We conclude that a BMI below or equal to 30 is still justified as a prerequisite for placement on the waiting list for renal transplantation, for despite an overall improvement, the outcome of renal transplantation in obese patients remains worse than that in non-obese patients. Received: 3 February 1997 Received after revision: 4 April 1997 Accepted: 8 April 1997     

Effects of different doses of alkaline citrate on urine composition and crystallization of calcium oxalate

Summary Prophylactic treatment with alkaline citrate in patients with recurrent calcium oxalate (CaOx) stone disease results in reduced CaOx supersaturation and increased urinary citrate. The effects of a single evening dose were compared with those of two and three daily doses in six recurrent CaOx stone formers with hypercalciuria, hypocitraturia or raised calcium/citrate quotients. While on a standardized hospital diet the patients were given 7.5 g (28 mmol) of sodium potassium citrate (URALYT-U) in one, two, and three doses. Fractional urine collections during 24 hours were analyzed for pH, composition, and crystallization risk (CR). All dosage regimens had favourable effects on urinary calcium, citrate, calcium/citrate quotients, and CaOx-CR. The most sustained effect was recorded with three divided doses. Single evening doses resulted in the most pronounced effects between 22.00–06.00 h, thereby counteracting the increased risk of CaOx crystallization during that period. In terms of 24 h urine composition the best effect was recorded with alkaline citrate administered three times daily, but because of the favourable response by a single evening dose between 22.00–06.00 h the assumption was made that this dosage regimen might be sufficient to reduce the risk of CaOx crystallization and stone formation. However, the validity of such an assumption can only be established by long-term clinical studies.     

Renal Cell Carcinoma in a Horseshoe Kidney and Preoperative Superselective Renal Artery Embolization: A Case Report

Only rarely is renal cell carcinoma encountered in a horseshoe kidney. This is a case report on renal cell carcinoma in a horseshoe kidney, in which superselective renal artery embolization was performed preoperatively. CT and digital subtraction angiography revealed a horseshoe kidney with a 3-cm tumor in the left side. Superselective renal artery embolization of the tumor was performed as a prerequisite procedure for the organ-preserving surgery of simple enucleation. Preoperative superselective renal artery embolization can be an effective tool to facilitate organ-preserving surgery in a horseshoe kidney.     

达利珠单抗预防致敏受者肾移植后排斥反应的临床研究

目的　探讨用达利珠单抗诱导治疗预防致敏受者肾移植后急性排斥反应的有效性与安全性。方法　将 36例群体反应性抗体为 30 %～ 5 0 %的致敏受者随机分为舒莱组和对照组 ,各 18例 ,舒莱组患者于移植术前 2h和术后第 4d接受达利珠单抗 (2 0mg/次 )诱导治疗 ,两个组术后均以环孢素A、霉酚酸酯和皮质激素预防排斥反应。结果　舒莱组术后 3个月内的急性排斥反应发生率明显低于对照组 (P <0 .0 1) ;术后 2～ 4周内对照组平均每日皮质激素用量明显高于舒莱组 ;两个组人 /肾 1年存活率的差异无显著性 ;舒莱组术后肾功能的恢复较对照组快 ,但差异无显著性 ;舒莱组术后1周内CD2 5 淋巴细胞数明显降低 (P <0 .0 1) ;未观察到达利珠单抗的相关不良反应。结论　在合理筛选供受者的基础上 ,致敏受者肾移植前接受达利珠单抗诱导治疗可降低术后急性排斥反应的发生率 ,且较为安全。     

移植肾自发性破裂(附15例报告)

目的：总结移植肾自发性破裂的病因，临床表现，诊治及预防，方法：15例患者中，手术探查12例（9例保留移植肾，用明胶海绵填压或医用粘合胶粘贴联合减压，引流处理，3例切除移植肾），3例保守治疗。结果：移植肾切除3例患者行血液透析维持，手术保留移植肾9例和3例保守治疗患者痊愈出院，其中2例手术保留移植肾患者分别于出院98d和6个月因肺部感染，心衰死亡，其他病例随访3－31个月，平均19个月，肾功能均良好，结论：移植肾自发性破裂发生的确切原因尚未清楚，结合临床症状行B超检查对确诊此症价值较高，及时发现，尽早行内，外科联合处理对于移植肾破裂的治疗是重要的，明胶海绵或医用粘合胶粘贴联合减压，引流是一种有效的治疗方法，另外，预防也是一重要环节。