Genetic and early environmental contributions to alcohol's aversive and physiological effects

Genetic and early environmental factors interact to influence ethanol's motivational effects. To explore these issues, a reciprocal cross-fostering paradigm was applied to Fischer and Lewis rats. The adult female offspring received vehicle or the kappa opioid antagonist nor-BNI (1 mg/kg) followed by assessments of conditioned taste aversion (CTA), blood alcohol concentrations (BACs) and hypothermia induced by 1.25 g/kg intraperitoneal ethanol. CTA acquisition in the in-fostered Fischer and Lewis animals did not differ; however, the Fischer maternal environment produced stronger acquisition in the cross-fostered Lewis rats versus their in-fostered counterparts. CTAs in the Fischer rats were not affected by cross-fostering. In extinction, the in-fostered Lewis animals displayed stronger aversions than the Fischer groups on two trials (of 12) whereas the cross-fostered Lewis differed from the Fischer groups on nine trials. Despite these CTA effects, Lewis rats exhibited higher BACs and stronger hypothermic responses than Fischer with no cross-fostering effects in either strain. No phenotypes were affected by nor-BNI. These data extend previous findings dissociating the aversive and peripheral physiological effects of ethanol in female Fischer and Lewis rats, and highlight the importance of genetic and early environmental factors in shaping subsequent responses to alcohol's motivational effects in adulthood.     

不同化学发光分析系统检测丙型肝炎病毒抗体的性能评价

目的 评价罗氏Cobas e601及雅培Architect i2000两种化学发光免疫分析系统检测抗-HCV的分析性能和一致性.方法 按照CLSI推荐的方法对两台分析仪检测抗-HCV的精密度、检出限、阴阳性符合率等性能进行验证试验;两台仪器分别检测120例有反应性血清样本及30例无反应性样本,用Kappa检验评价检测结果的一致性.结果 两台仪器的精密度良好;检出限均为0.3NCU;阴阳性符合率为100％;两个分析系统检测抗-HCV总体符合率为70.67％,无反应性、e601 S/CO≥15.0、i2000 S/CO≥6.0样本结果的符合率为100％,e601 S/CO为1.01 ～5.0和i2000 S/CO为1.01 ～2.0样本结果的符合率为0和44.4％:经统计分析κ=0.35在Kappa系数区段中一致性程度属于弱(κ=0.35,P＜0.05).结论 两个分析系统检测抗-HCV的分析性能均良好,适用于临床标本的常规检测,对于两台仪器检测结果不一致的样本,尤其是e601 S/CO 1 ～ 15及i2000 S/CO 1～6的样本,建议进行补充实验(RIBA,NAT)来明确诊断.     

美军伤情编码向国际疾病损伤编码的转换研究

3名分类员将美军伤情码向国际疾病代码转化,利用Kappa检验分析其一致性。结果为两种编码系统间有中等程度的一致性,可以实现一定程度的转换。在战现场急救及紧急救治中仍然可以采用PC-CODE;早期治疗阶段,即陆军师救护所阶梯可以酌情采取其中某种编码系统;伤员后送至后方医疗机构实行专科治疗时,可以按照平时军地医院临床所采取的伤情分类措施,按照ICD完成病历。     

Diet and Lighting Conditions Modify the Effects of the Kappa Opioid Agonist U50,488H on Feeding Behavior in Rats

The effects of diet and lighting conditions on the actions of the kappa opioid receptor agonist, U50, 488H, on food and water intakes were examined in male Long—Evans rats. Animals were fed chow and water, or chow, water and either a 32% sucrose solution or a 0.15% saccharin solution. In the first part of the study, sucrose and saccharin solutions were removed for 24 h, and rats then injected with 0, 4.0 or 8.0 mg/kg U50, 488H at the beginning of the dark portion of the 24-h cycle. Chow and water intakes were measured 1, 2, 4 and 24 h later. This procedure was repeated weekly until all rats had received each dose of the drug. In the second part, the procedure was identical with the exception that injections were given at the beginning of the light. When injected in the dark, U50, 488H suppressed food intake in rats which had consumed sucrose, but had minimal effects on intakes in rats which had consumed saccharin or chow alone. When U50, 488H was injected in the light, food intakes were greater 1 and 2h after injections of 4.0 mg/kg, and lower after injections of 8.0 mg/kg U50, 488H than after saline. For rats given sucrose, but not saccharin or chow alone, intakes remained suppressed 4 and 24h after 8.0 mg/kg U50, 488H. In the light and dark, and across diets, water intakes were decreased 1 and 2h, and increased 24h after U50,488H injections.     

野战（应急）快速检验系统尿液分析模块性能的综合评价

目的：综合评价野战（应急）快速检验系统尿液分析模块（PU4010）的性能。方法：对野战（应急）快速检验系统的尿液分析模块分别在室内环境与模拟野战环境下进行精密度评价、并对其在2种不同环境下的检测结果进行对比;利用尿液分析模块和迪瑞H-800尿液分析仪对200例尿液标本进行平行检测,分析二者的可比性。结果：尿液分析模块所有项目测定值与靶值的符合率均为100%。尿液分析模块环境对比实验URO,GLU、PRO、BIL、BLD、LEU、PH、SG、KET的Kappa值分别为0.66、0.94、0.91、0.94、0.93、0.92、0.81、0.76、1;尿液分析模块和迪瑞H-800尿液分析仪测定其各项结果的阳性率基本一致,完全符合率均为80%以上,其各项环境对比实验Kappa值均＞0.7,二者无显著性差异。结论：在室内和模拟野战环境下,野战（应急）快速检验系统尿液分析模块精密度良好;与常规实验室尿液分析仪的检测结果无显著性差异,检测结果的一致性良好。     

Kappa statistic for clustered dichotomous responses from physicians and patients

The bootstrap method for estimating the standard error of the kappa statistic in the presence of clustered data is evaluated. Such data arise, for example, in assessing agreement between physicians and their patients regarding their understanding of the physician–patient interaction and discussions. We propose a computationally efficient procedure for generating correlated dichotomous responses for physicians and assigned patients for simulation studies. The simulation result demonstrates that the proposed bootstrap method produces better estimate of the standard error and better coverage performance compared with the asymptotic standard error estimate that ignores dependence among patients within physicians with at least a moderately large number of clusters. We present an example of an application to a coronary heart disease prevention study. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

不同版本DAWBA探讨影响双生子心理健康发育因素的效度研究

目的探索遗传因素在双生子儿童心理健康发育中的作用,进行不同版本发育和健康状况评定(develop-ment and well-bing assessment,DAWBA)的效度研究。方法分为同卵双生组(MZ)与异卵双生组(DZ)。利用DAWBA教师版及父母版对双生子儿童所在班级老师及父母进行双生子心理健康状况的调查。并用Kappa系数分析DAWBA教师版与父母版数据的一致性。结果双生子情绪症状(rMZ=0.549,P=0.000;rDZ=0.263,P=0.146),多动症状(rMZ=0.667,P=0.000;rDZ=0.116,P=0.528),行为症状(rMZ=0.777,P=0.000;rDZ=0.153,P=0.403),抽动症状(rMZ=0.552,P=0.005;rDZ=-0.046,P=0.801),进食症状(rMZ=0.798,P=0.000;rDZ=-0.058P=0.780),其他关注症状(rMZ=0.491,P=0.011;rDZ=0.327,P=0.068);MZ组的相关系数明显大于DZ组。一致性检验显示分离性焦虑症状影响(Kappa=0.004),多动症状(Kappa=0.063),惊恐症状(Kappa=-0.007),其他关注症状(Kappa=0.000),DAWBA教师版与父母版不完全一致。结论遗传在双生子儿童心理健康发育中有一定程度的作用,不同DAWBA版本对研究遗传因素对双生子儿童心理健康发育的影响有较好的效度。     

荧光密螺旋体抗体吸收实验在梅毒血清学实验中的应用

目的研究荧光密螺旋体抗体吸收实验（FTA-ABS）在梅毒血清学实验中的应用。方法选择梅毒螺旋体酶联免疫吸附试验阳性血清标本28份,分别用梅毒螺旋体明胶颗粒凝集试验、FTA-ABS、快速血浆反应素环状卡片试验复检。计算和比较三种方法的检测率。结果 TPPA阳性率为89.29%,FTA-ABS阳性率为82.14%,其中IgG型抗体阳性率为82.14%,IgM型抗体阳性率为39.29%,RPR阳性检出率为42.86%。TPPA法与FTA-ABS法有较高的一致性,而FTA-ABS法中IgM型抗体检出与RPR阳性检出相关性一般。结论 TP-ELISA适用于梅毒抗体的初步筛查,确诊需结合TPPA、FTA-ABS、RPR等实验方法及临床资料综合分析。     

Validation of a novel method to identify healthcare-associated infections

Despite its potential for use in large-scale analyses, previous attempts to utilise administrative data to identify healthcare-associated infections (HAI) have been shown to be unsuccessful. In this study, we validate the accuracy of a novel method of HAI identification based on antibiotic utilisation patterns derived from administrative data. We contemporaneously and independently identified HAIs using both chart review analysis and our method from four Japanese hospitals (N=584). The accuracy of our method was quantified using sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) relative to chart review analysis. We also analysed the inter-rater agreement between both identification methods using Cohen's kappa coefficient. Our method showed a sensitivity of 0.93 (95% CI: 0.87-0.96), specificity of 0.91 (0.89-0.94), PPV of 0.75 (0.68-0.81) and NPV of 0.98 (0.96-0.99). A kappa coefficient of 0.78 indicated a relatively high level of agreement between the two methods. Our results show that our method has sufficient validity for identification of HAIs in large groups of patients, though the relatively lower PPV may imply limited utilisation in the pinpointing of individual infections. Our method may have applications in large-scale HAI identification, risk-adjusted multicentre studies involving cost of illness, or even as the starting point of future cost-effectiveness analyses of HAI control measures.