韧带解剖重建术治疗慢性远尺桡关节不稳定

 目的介绍自体掌长肌腱移植、远尺桡韧带解剖重建的适应证、手术方法 及治疗慢性远尺 桡关节(distal radioulnar joint, DRUJ)不稳定的初期随访结果 。方法 2008年 10月至 2009年 6月, 应用 自体掌长肌腱移植、远尺桡韧带解剖重建术治疗 6例慢性 DRUJ不稳定患者。平均年龄 22岁。男 4例, 女 2例。术中取腕背第四、五伸肌鞘管间纵行切口。切开鞘管, 显露 DRUJ背侧部分。横野L冶形切开远尺 桡背侧关节囊, 显露 DRUJ和三角纤维软骨盘。于桡骨远端尺背侧, 距离月骨窝和乙状切迹各约 5 mm 处钻孔。在尺侧腕屈肌腱桡侧做掌侧纵行切口, 切取全长掌长肌腱, 将其一端通过桡骨隧道穿至掌侧, 再用止血钳经三角纤维软骨盘下方透过掌侧关节囊, 将其引至背侧。在尺骨颈和茎突隐窝之间钻孔。将 肌腱两个断端经尺骨隧道引至尺骨颈处, 再把其中一端绕过尺骨颈。将前臂置于中立位, 抽紧缝合肌腱。 术后长臂石膏固定前臂于中立位。 4周后更换为前臂石膏, 继续制动 4周。结果 所有患者术后均获得 9~24个月随访, 平均 14个月。术后没有感染及感觉神经支损伤等并发症。疼痛减轻, 握力增加。采用改 良 Mayo评分评估腕关节功能: 术前平均 69分, 术后平均 95分。 5例患者对手术结果 满意。结论 韧 带解剖重建术适用于无骨性关节炎的慢性 DRUJ不稳定, 术后腕关节功能改善明显。     

肘关节后外侧旋转不稳定1例并相关文献综述

患者,女,23岁,外伤致左肘关节脱位后,左肘关节长期持续性疼痛。保守治疗8个月后,症状未缓解。此外,当肘关节活动后,患者有弹出感。体格检查可见左肘关节轻度肿胀,外侧压痛。伸肘时患者有疼痛和恐惧感。外侧抽移恐惧试验(lateral pivotshift apprehension test)和撑桌试验(tabletop     

距骨颈骨折的治疗分析

目的 研究距骨颈骨折的治疗. 方法 1988年10月-2004年6月,按改良Haw-kins法对66例距骨颈骨折患者分型:Ⅰ型14例,行石膏外固定;Ⅱ型34例,行手法复位石膏外固定、切开复位内固定或关节融合术;Ⅲ型16例,行切开复位内固定或关节融合术;Ⅳ型2例,行切开复位内固定或关节融合术.其中陈旧性骨折4例. 结果 平均随访6.28年,采用Hawkins评分进行评估,优(29%)19例(Ⅰ型13例,Ⅱ型5例,Ⅲ型1例);良(26%)17例(Ⅰ型1例,Ⅱ型12例,Ⅲ型4例);可(27%)18例(Ⅰ型11例,Ⅱ型6例,Ⅳ型1例);差(18%)12例(Ⅰ型6例,Ⅱ型5例,Ⅳ型1例).距骨缺血性坏死25例(38%),踝及距下关节炎分别为20例(30%)和26例(39%). 结论 距骨颈Ⅰ型和Ⅱ型骨折宜石膏外固定,Ⅲ型骨折应切开复位内固定,Ⅳ型和陈旧性骨折宜采用关节融合术.     

近年火车创伤中关节损伤变化的特点

目的 探讨与分析快速列车所致火车创伤中关节损伤的变化特点。方法 集1997～2000年火车提速后10214例火车创伤中1279例关节损伤病例，分析在特定条件下的致伤因素、损伤严重程度、损伤类型特点，经AIS-ISS评分证实与预后的关系。结果 提速后关节损伤发生率由提速前33.54％上升到34.12％，死亡率由28.88％上升到30.33％，多关节离断伤由19.84％上升到34.13％，开放性关节损伤由31.71％上升到63.65％，关节离断伤的死亡率由21.19％上升到49.07％。结论 火车创伤无疑是十分严重的损伤，多发伤率远高于其他损伤，治疗棘手，多器官功能不全综合征(MODS)是致死的主要因素。     

CT双重对比关节造影术在诊断复发性肩关节前脱位中的作用

目的：探讨CT双重对比关节造影术（CT double-contrast arthrography,CTA）在诊断复发性肩关节前脱位中的作用．评价其敏感性和准确性。方法：自1990年3月～2003年5月共治疗31例复发性肩关节前脱位患者．男23例．女8例；年龄22～46岁，平均26.7岁。术前均行CTA检查，并将检查结果与关节镜或开放手术所见进行比较。结果：盂唇和关节囊韧带复合体的损伤是复发性肩关节前脱位最常见的病理变化，手术发现31例中28例有关节盂唇病变，CTA发现26例(敏感度为92.8％，准确率为93.5％)，表现为孟唇撕裂、分离和退变；术中发现20例有关节囊病变，CTA发现19例(敏感度为95％．准确率为87．1％)，表现为关节囊肩盂起点的内移、剥脱，肩胛骨边缘的软组织撕裂或消失；7例(4例经手术证实)肩胛下肌及其肌腱的异常，表现为撕裂、变薄及不规则；15例Hill-Sachs缺损，全部与手术所见一致。CTA的总诊断准确率为83.8％。结论：CTA可全面准确地显示出复发性肩关节前脱位的病理改变，从而指导治疗方案的选择。     

可吸收内固定物治疗关节内及周围骨折

目的：评价SR-PGA可吸收螺钉及固定捧手术治疗关节内及其周围骨折的效果。方法：采用SR-PGA可吸收螺钉及固定捧手术治疗关节内及其周围骨折24例。结果：本组病例中21例获得随访，平均随访26个月。结果优20例、良1例。21例骨折均骨性愈合无移位，1例皮下有特异性液体积聚。结论；该可吸收内固定材料是治疗关节内及其周围骨折较理想的内固定物。     

跖跗关节骨折脱位手术治疗21例报告

我院自 1993年 5月 - 2 0 0 1年 5月采用闭合复位或切开复位克氏针内固定治疗跖跗关节骨折脱位2 1例 ,取得满意疗效 ,现报告如下。1　临床资料　　本组 2 1例 ;男 14例 ,女 7例 ;左侧 12例 ,右侧 8例 ,双侧 1例 ;年龄 2 1～ 6 8岁 ,平均 4 0 5岁 ;闭合性骨折脱位 16例 ,开放性骨折脱位 5例 ;按照Kuss分类法 :同向性脱位 15例 ,分离性脱位 6例 ;伤因 :车祸伤 12例 ,高处坠落伤 5例 ,重物压伤 3例 ,扭伤 1例。同时伴肢体骨折 6例 ,胸腹伤 3例。2　治疗方法本组 16例闭合性损伤均采用闭合复位克氏针内固定。一般在硬麻下进行 ,取平卧位 ,膝关…     

Review of high‐risk features of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma and discrepancies between the American Joint Committee on Cancer and NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines In Oncology

Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is a malignancy that arises from epidermal keratinocytes. Although the majority of cutaneous SCC cases are easily treated without further complication, some behave more aggressively and carry a poor prognosis. These “high‐risk” cutaneous SCCs commonly originate in the head and neck and have an increased tendency toward recurrence, local invasion, and distant metastasis. Factors for high‐risk cutaneous SCC include large size (>2 cm), a deeply invasive lesion (>2 mm), incomplete excision, high‐grade/desmoplastic lesions, perineural invasion (PNI), lymphovascular invasion, immunosuppression, and high‐risk anatomic locations. Both the National Comprehensive Cancer Network^® (NCCN^®) and the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) identify several of these high‐risk features of cutaneous SCC. The purpose of this article was to review the high‐risk features included in these guidelines, as well as their notable discrepancies and omissions. We also provide a brief overview of current prophylactic measures, surgical options, and adjuvant therapies for high‐risk cutaneous SCC. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 39: 578–594, 2017     

Mobile-Bearing has no Benefit Over Fixed-Bearing Total Knee Arthroplasty in Joint Awareness and Crepitus: A Randomized Controlled Trial

BackgroundGiven higher component conformity, rotational availability of polyethylene insert, and more physiologic patellofemoral tracking, mobile-bearing (MB) total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is supposed to offer advantages in joint perception and crepitus. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether MB TKA offers superior outcomes over fixed-bearing (FB) TKA in terms of joint awareness and crepitus.MethodsThis prospective, randomized, controlled trial included 49 FB and 49 MB TKAs that shared the same posterior-stabilized femoral component. Primary outcomes included joint awareness assessed with the Forgotten Joint Score and crepitus graded according to severity and sound at 3 years postoperatively. Secondary outcomes were the range of motion, the Knee Society Score, Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index, component position, and joint line level on radiographs.ResultsThe Forgotten Joint Score showed no significant difference between the FB (67 points; range, 0-100) and MB groups (63 points; range, 13-100) (P = .440). For crepitus, no significant differences were found in the overall incidence rate (FB group, 18%; MB group, 12%; P = .386) and grade (grade 1, 6 versus 5; grade 2, 2 versus 1; grade 3, 1 versus 0, respectively). There were no significant differences in range of motion, Knee Society Score, and Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index, as well as radiographic outcomes between the two groups (all, P > .05).ConclusionMB TKA offers no benefits in terms of joint awareness and crepitus compared with FB TKA at mean 3 years postoperatively. The theoretical advantages of MB TKA have yet to be demonstrated in practice, leaving the selection of bearing type to the surgeon’s judgment.Level of EvidenceLevel II.