Giant aneurysm of the calloso-marginal artery

A giant aneurysm of the right callosomarginal artery is reported in a 3-month-old child. This location is rare: including our case reported here, only three cases have been described. Clinicoradiological findings are presented and the surgical procedure is illustrated.     

颈内动脉—后交通动脉瘤的外科治疗：附13例报告

我院自1982年～1988年共收治13例颈内动脉-后交通动脉瘤。本文就该处动脉瘤的临床诊断、手术入路以及动脉瘤破裂的预防和处理进行了讨论。     

Pyruvate kinase in human brain tumours. Its significance in the treatment of gliomas

Summary Pyruvate kinase isozyme distribution was studied in 101 intracranial tumours of various nature and origin, and in normal human brain (both foetal and adult). In foetal brain, five different forms could be detected by electrophoresis (K₄, K₃M, K₂M₂, KM₃, and M₄). In adult brain, the M₄ type, K₃M hybrid, and K₄ are present; the M type is largely predominant. Alanine inhibition of pyruvate kinase can be used to discriminate between M and K-type pyruvate kinase. The results obtained in an alanine inhibition test are in agreement with the electrophoretic pattern. Pyruvate kinase from foetal brain and brain of a newborn is more inhibited compared with pyruvate kinase from adult brain. In adult brain a high residual activity of pyruvate kinase is found in the presence of alanine. Well differentiated neuroepithelial tumours,i.e., astrocytomas, oligodendrogliomas, and ependymomas showed also relatively high residual activities, though less than in normal adult brain. On the contrary, in poorly differentiated gliomas low residual activity was found. Alanine inhibition of pyruvate kinase correlates well with degree of differentiation of these tumours. There is also a strong correlationship between alanine inhibition of pyruvate kinase and one year survival after total or subtotal resection of gliomas in adults.When in gliomas the residual activity is determined not in the centre of the tumour but more towards the periphery, much higher residual activity is found. It is suggested that brain biopsies in which a residual activity higher than 70% is found probably contain no tumour in the paraffin slides.Poorly differentiated gliomas were characterized by the presence of type K, and the hybrids K₃M. In well differentiated gliomas, besides K₄ and K₃M, M₄ was also present. Alanine inhibition was in agreement with the electrophoretic pattern in all tumours. In children (age 1–11 years) gliomas showed no correlation between the distribution of pyruvate kinase isozymes and the histological classification and grading. Of the non-neuro-epithelial tumours studied relatively high residual activities were found for pyruvate kinase in haemangioblastomas, chromophobe adenomas, and craniopharyngiomas. This was also found in an arteriovenous malformation. Other non-neuroepithelial tumours showed much less residual activity. These included benign tumours, meningiomas, neurilemmomas, malignant metastatic tumours, and fibrosarcomas. It was also found in cavernomas. The determination of pyruvate kinase activity in the presence of alanine may be useful for the diagnosis and treatment of intracerebral tumours, in particular gliomas of adults.The alanine inhibition test is a reliable quantitative procedure. It can be performed in 10 minutes, and may well fit in the scope of a surgical procedure.     

颅内动静脉压与颅内压的相关性研究

目的探讨颅内压与颅内动静脉压的相关性.方法行侧脑室置管接多功能测压表,颅内动静脉置管接有创血压监护仪.再用结扎一侧颈内动脉、人工窒息等方法致实验狗脑水肿高颅压.先后经颅内动脉、外周静脉注射不同剂量的甘露醇,记录不同时段的颅内压、颅内动静脉压.结果脑水肿形成后颅内压、颅内静脉压逐渐上升,使用甘露醇脱水后两者又逐渐下降,二者呈正相关.颅内动脉注射小剂量甘露醇15分钟即可达到明显的降颅压效果,与外周静脉给药相比有显著性差异(P＜0.05).结论颅内压与颅内静脉压呈正相关,与颅内动脉压无相关性.颅内动脉注射小剂量甘露醇即可达到良好的脱水效果,起效更快.     

急性非等容血液稀释对开颅病人颅内压及凝血功能影响

目的 探讨急性非等容血液稀释对开颅病人的颅内压和凝血功能的影响。方法 选择择期开颅肿瘤切除病人18例，麻醉诱导前行蛛网膜下腔穿刺，监测颅内压(ICP)，并由足背动脉放血400—600ml，开始诱导同时经外围静脉快速补充2—2．5倍于采血量的等效肢体和晶体。麻醉采用静吸复合全麻，术中连续监测有创血压、心率、氧饱和度，分别于血液稀释前后监测ICP，中心静脉压(CVP)、活化部分凝血活酶(APTT)、凝血酶原时间(PT)、凝血因子1(FIB)、血小板(PLT)、血球压积(HCT)。结果 与血液稀释前相比，血流动力学稳定；PT明显延长(P＜0．05)，PLT、HCT明显降低(P＜0．05)，但仍在正常范围内，APTT、FIB差异无显著意义(P＞0．05)；颅内压无明显增高。结论 急性非等容血液稀释对开颅手术病人的颅内压和凝血功能无明显影响，是一种安全有效的、简便的血液保护方法。     

急性颅高压心脏停搏类型的临床分析

目的　探讨急性颅高压患者心脏停搏类型。方法　对 2 5例急性颅高压患者进行 2 4 h连续心电监护 ,选择心肺复苏术前 5～ 30 s心电描记波形为心脏停搏类型。结果　 13例急性颅脑损伤患者有 12例表现为缓慢性心律失常—心室停顿。1例为心室颤动 ,12例急性脑中风患者有 11例表现为缓慢性心律失常—心室停顿。1例为电机械分离。结论　缓慢性心律失常—心室停顿是急性颅高压患者心脏停搏的最主要类型     

Primary pleomorphic adenoma in posterior cranial fossa

A 35-year-old woman had an intradural tumor in the posterior fossa adjacent to the posterior wall of the left pyramidal bone, which was totally removed and histologically diagnosed as a pleomorphic adenoma. Follow-up examination for 2 years showed no recurrence of the tumor. There was no primary lesion in any other gland of the body, and therefore there is no alternative but to conclude a “migration” of some gland cells. The pathogenesis of this tumor remains unclassified.     

伽玛刀治疗后的肿瘤内出血

目的：探讨颅内肿瘤患者伽玛刀治疗后肿瘤内出血的原因。方法：在伽玛刀治疗的３４５例颅内肿瘤病变患者中，发现３例有肿瘤内出血，分析了他们的临床特点及ＣＴ，ＭＲＩ表现，结果：２例经保守治疗基本痊愈，１例恶化。结论：对于那些曾有过肿瘤卒中史、高血压病史或肿瘤血运丰富的病人行伽玛刀治疗后应警惕发生肿瘤内出血的危险     

RDSA在颅内动脉瘤成像中的技术探讨

目的:探讨旋转数字减影血管造影(RDSA)在颅内动脉瘤成像中的应用。方法:对疑有颅内动脉瘤的43例患者首先进行常规DSA检查,对其中27例进行RDSA检查,研究RDSA的技术参数及应用价值。结果:43例中,16例常规DSA能清楚显示,其余27例在常规DSA基础上加RDSA,动脉瘤的形态、位置及毗邻关系得到清楚显示。结论:常规DSA是诊断颅内动脉瘤的必要检查方法,RDSA是常规DSA的重要补充,对颅内动脉瘤的成像、治疗及复查有重要的价值。     

Salmonella enteritidis brain abscess: case report and review

Intracranial infections are unusual manifestations of salmonellosis. Even with adequate medical and surgical interventions these infections are often associated with significant morbidity and mortality. We report a case of brain abscess caused by Salmonella enteritidis associated with a brain neoplasm and review previous reports in the literature.