6-fluoroDOPA metabolism in rat striatum: time course of extracellular metabolites

6-[18F]Fluoro-L-DOPA (FDOPA) is an imaging agent used in the study of dopamine terminals in the living brain using positron emission tomography (PET). To better understand the role of tracer metabolism in dynamic FDOPA PET studies, the pharmacokinetics of individual FDOPA metabolites in extracellular space in the striata of anesthetized rats was investigated using in vivo microdialysis. Brain tissues were also analysed to obtain FDOPA metabolite distribution in the combined intracellular and extracellular spaces. Total extracellular [18F] radioactivity in rat striata was observed to rise and peak at 30 min post-injection (p.i.) and declined with clearance half-life of 2 h. In the extracellular space, the dominant FDOPA metabolite at early times was FDOPAC, followed by FHVA at 50 min, then F-sulfoconjugates at 70 min and finally 3-O-methyl-6-Fluoro-L-DOPA (3OMFD) at later times. These results are consistent with the sequential metabolism and brain clearance of L-DOPA and its metabolites. Analysis of whole striatal tissue confirmed the intraneuronal localization of fluorodopamine most likely stored in vesicles. A new but not unexpected finding was the enrichment of 3OMFD in intraneuronal striatal space which is perhaps a factor in its slow cerebral clearance. Since FDOPA PET data reflects the overall pharmacokinetics of several [18F]-metabolites, the observed different rates of formation and clearance and also different neuronal localization of each metabolite contribute to the measures obtained in dynamic FDOPA PET studies. These metabolic steps and their role in tracer kinetics are, thus, important factors to consider in ascribing physiologic significance to PET-derived measures.     

《黄帝内经》运气七篇发病观探微

在《黄帝内经》运气七篇大论中,非常详尽的论述了天象、气候、物候和病候之间的关系,从发病学角度,总结了运气七篇大论关于人体发病的情况,病症特点等,并结合古今案例加以阐释,以期为临床提供一定的参考。     

中药代谢分析研究进展＊

中药具有多成分、多靶点的特性，药效物质基础及药物代谢途径不明确严重制约中药的发展。中药小分子经过体内代谢后转化成代谢物发挥药效或者清除。近年来随着MS技术的飞速发展，通过LC-MS技术进行精准定性定量分析，以阐明中药代谢物与机体生理及病理相关变化的关系，从而明确中药的药效物质基础及体内代谢路径。本文从中药代谢研究思路、研究方法、影响因素以及应用等方面，就近年来中药代谢分析领域的研究进展进行综述。     

复杂性先天性心脏病8例报告

先天性心脏病（CHD）是胎儿期心脏及大血管发育异常而致的先天畸形,是小儿最常见的心脏病,其发病率高达4．05—12．3％（其中未包括出生前即死亡的胎儿）,我国每年出生10-15万患有先天性心脏病患儿,发生率占活产婴儿的0．7-0．8％,严重和复杂的先天性心脏病不经治疗30％在生后1周死亡。25％死于1个月内。     

尿中乙型肝炎病毒DNA检测对小儿乙肝相关性肾炎诊断价值研究

目的　探讨尿中乙肝病毒DNA(HBV DNA)的检测对诊断小儿乙肝病毒相关性肾炎 (HBV GN)的意义。方法　应用聚合酶链式反应 (PCR)、免疫荧光 (IF)及原位杂交法 (ISH)检测患儿血清和尿中HBV DNA及肾活检石蜡包埋组织切片中HBV抗原与HBV DNA的存在状况。结果　 32例患儿经血清HBV DNA与肾组织中HBV抗原检测 ,符合HBV GN诊断的 19例 ,其中 11例经ISH检测发现肾活检石蜡包埋组织切片中HBV DNA阳性 ,13例尿HBV DNA阳性 ,阳性率分别为 5 7 9%、6 8 5 %。结论　检测肾小球疾病患儿尿中HBV DNA可协助HBV GN的临床诊断     

非小细胞肺癌ALK基因重排检测

目的 通过荧光原位杂交(FISH)方法检测非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)患者间变性淋巴瘤激酶(ALK)基因重排.方法 根据ALK断裂重排方式及特点,设计并制备红/绿双色荧光探针.以人外周血培养细胞为检测对象评价ALK融合基因检测探针的敏感性和特异性,以NSCLC石蜡组织样本为对象进行ALK基因重排检测以评价探针的性能.结果 本研究制备的荧光探针在EB病毒(EBV)转化的人淋巴细胞检测中的特异性和敏感性均可达到100％.在对2例NSCLC患者石蜡包埋组织样本检测中,检测阴性、阳性各1例,检测结果与免疫组织化学检测结果一致.结论 本研究中制备的双色荧光探针可用于NSCLC ALK基因重排的检测.     

Obstetric outcomes in nulliparous women aged 35 and over with singleton pregnancies conceived by in vitro fertilization

Objective To investigate obstetric outcomes in singleton pregnancies conceived by in vitro fertilization (IVF) to nulliparous women older than 35 compared to those of their younger counterparts. Methods Nulliparous women 35 years and older at delivery conceived by IVF (n = 89) were compared with nulliparous women 34 years and younger at delivery conceived by IVF (n = 48). Data included antenatal data, gestational age at delivery, maternal and neonatal complications and mode of delivery. Results The incidence of pregnancy-induced hypertension in the younger group was significantly higher than that in the elderly group (13 vs. 3.4%, P = 0.043). There were no measurable differences in other obstetric outcomes such as placental abnormality, premature delivery or neonatal asphyxia between the two groups. Conclusion The current results suggest that obstetric complications in pregnancies conceived IVF are attributed to mechanisms other than those depend on advanced maternal age.     

The clinical analysis of poor ovarian response in in-vitro-fertilization embryo-transfer among Chinese couples

Purpose To explore the prevalence, predictor of clinical pregnancy and possible aetiology of poor ovarian response (POR) in in vitro fertilization–embryo transfer (IVF–ET) in Chinese. Methods A total of 4,600 retrieval oocyte cycles were finished between July 1, 2004 and April 30, 2006. Poor ovarian responses were observed in 426 patients of 472 cycles undergoing IVF, which were selected on the same retrieve oocyte day as the control group. The outcome of IVF–ET and the common markers of ovarian reserve were compared. Results The patients had previous ovarian surgery in 64 cycles of 472 poor ovarian response cycles. The group with poor ovarian response has significant differences in comparison with the control group in age (36.6 ± 4.2 vs 33.3 ± 4.04), ovarian surgeries (13.6 vs 2.8%), dose of gonadotrophin (58.5 ± 15.8 vs 40.6 ± 17.0), fertilization rate (71.5 vs 86%) and pregnancy rate (14.8 vs 36.7%). In the group with poor ovarian responses, clinical pregnancy rate declined significantly in women aged >40 years than in those aged ≤40 years (2.8 vs 18.5%, P < 0.001). The age, basal serum follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), basal serum luteinizing hormone (LH), basal oestradiol (E2) concentrations, FSH to LH ratio and the antral follicle count (AFC) are the common markers of ovarian reserve in our center. We found that there were significant differences in age, basal FSH, FSH-to-LH ratio and the antral follicle count. But no statistical significant differences were observed in basal oestradiol concentration and basal serum LH when comparing the two groups. Binary logistic regression analysis was used to study the relation among age, FSH, LH, E2, AFC and clinical pregnancy, and the age (odds ratio, 0.863; 95% confidence interval, 0.805–0.925; p = 0.000) was the only variable selected. Conclusion Our data show that the prevalence of poor ovarian response in Chinese is 11.9%. Previous ovarian surgery is associated with poor ovarian responses. The pregnancy rate of women with poor ovarian response is low in IVF–ET, especially the decline in clinical pregnancy rate of women aged >40 years became accelerated. Correct identification of those who are at risk for POR prior to stimulation is helpful in tailoring the best stimulation protocol to individual patients. Chronological age significantly improved the prediction of clinical pregnancy of poor ovarian responders.