Effects of MPP+ on catecholamine levels in adrenal glands and heart of rats

The effects of MPP⁺ (2.5–20 mg/kg) on the adrenal glands and heart were investigated in rats. At various periods after s.c. drug administration the rats were decapitated and tissue catecholamine levels were determined by means of HPLC with electrochemical detection. Adrenal dopamine (DA) levels were reduced at 2–8 h after MPP⁺ administration, but this decrease was followed by an elevation after 16 h and return to the control values after one week. Three successive injections of MPP⁺ caused a statistically significant elevation in adrenal DA, one day, with a tendency to elevation four and seven days after the last injection, whereas a severe (up to 96%) decrease in heart noradrenaline (NA) was found one day after the last injection. Seven days after the last injection a 50% depletion of NA in the heart was still observed. Pretreatment with GBR 12909 (30 mg/kg, 4 h) blocked the MPP⁺ (10 mg/kg, 2 h) induced reduction of adrenal DA levels, but at the same time GBR 12909 failed to block the effects of MPP⁺ in the heart. One day after three successive daily injections of MPP⁺ (10 mg/kg each), the DA-uptake inhibitor GBR 12909 (30 mg/kg, 6 h) could still induce an increase in adrenal DA.MPP⁺ appears to lack persistent cytotoxic action in the adrenal medulla but rather to cause a transient inhibition of DA synthesis followed by a compensatory stimulation. The inhibition can be blocked by specific inhibitor of the DA-uptake mechanism, suggesting a direct effect of MPP⁺ taken up by adrenomedullary cells. The data obtained so far do not suggest any involvement of peripheral dopaminergic nerves in the action of MPP⁺ on the adrenal medulla. The long-lasting depletion of the heart NA, however, suggests a lesion of peripheral noradrenergic nerves.Part of this work was presented at 6th International Symposium on Chromaffin Cell Biology, Marburg, Germany, 18–23 August 1991 Correspondence to: M. Kujacic at the above address     

Galanin gene expression declines with adulthood in the cholinergic fields of the horizontal diagonal band of male rats

The neuropeptide galanin (GAL) influences leaming and memory processes, perhaps by inhibiting cholinergic function. We recently reported that, in the rat, the nucleus of the horizontal limb of the diagonal band (HDB) exhibits the highest level of GAL mRNA coexpression by basal forebrain (BF) cholinergic neurons and, in the HDB, virtually all GAL mRNA-expressing neurons correspond to the cholinergic cell type. Since GAL gene expression is induced across puberty in many brain regions, we used in situ hybridization histochemistry and quantitative autoradiography to assess GAL gene expression across the rostro-caudal extent of the HDB in prepubertal and adult male rats and to determine whether GAL gene expression is also regulated during maturation in this BF region. Our results show that the number of GAL mRNA-expressing cells per section is significantly reduced in the HDB with adulthood. Post-hoc analysis indicated that these age-associated differences in the number of GAL mRNA-expressing cells per section could be ascribed to the rostral and central subregions of the HDB. Age-related differences in the labeling intensity of GAL mRNA-expressing neurons were also detected in the rostral and central subregions of the HDB. No age-associated differences in GAL gene expression were found in the caudal HDB subregion. These results suggest that: (1) in contrast to other brain regions, GAL gene expression in the cholinergic BF may be negatively regulated by factors concomitant with puberty; and (2) the inhibition of cholinergic function by cosecreted GAL may be enhanced prior to puberty within cholinergic neurons of the rostral and central aspects of the HDB.     

c-myc mRNA在成釉细胞瘤中的表达

目的:研究成釉细胞瘤(AB)和牙源性角化囊肿(OKC)中c-mycmRNA的表达,探讨c-myc在AB和OKC中的发生、发展及其生物学意义。方法:使用原位杂交法检测54例AB、16例OKC和7例口腔正常黏膜(NOM)组织中c-mycmRNA的表达,并将AB按原发、复发、恶变分组,结果使用χ2检验进行统计分析。结果:AB、OKC及NOM组织中c-mycmRNA的阳性表达率分别为81.5%(44/54)、75.0%(12/16)和14.3%(1/7),3组比较有显著性差异(χ2=15.488,P<0.05)。原发组AB中c-mycmRNA的阳性表达率为71.0%,复发组为94.7%,恶变组为100.0%,伴随原发、复发、恶变,差异有显著性(χ2=16.912,P﹤0.05)。结论:c-myc表达在AB的发生、发展中有重要作用;c-mycmRNA的表达与AB的临床生物学行为有关,伴随其生物学行为变化,c-mycmRNA表达增强;提示c-myc有可能成为评价预后的有效指标。     

LRIG1下调原代星形细胞瘤细胞增殖的机制

目的观察LRIGl蛋白表达对表皮生长因子（EGF）促肿瘤细胞增殖作用的影响，探讨LRIGl抑制肿瘤细胞增殖的机制。方法原代培养19例星形细胞瘤细胞，用原位杂交检测LRIGl的表达，用噻唑蓝（MTT）法观察EGF对培养细胞的促增殖作用，并分析培养细胞LRIGl表达和EGF干预后的细胞生长率的关系。结果（75．3±11．6）％的培养细胞表达LRIGl蛋白；EGF促进培养细胞增殖（38．0±14．8）％，EGF促细胞增殖的细胞生长率与LRIGl表达程度呈负相关。结论LRIGl蛋白可能通过抑制EGF—EGFR信号抑制肿瘤细胞的增殖。     

肿瘤转移抑制基因KAI1在喉鳞状细胞癌中表达的研究

目的　探讨肿瘤转移抑制基因KAI1在喉鳞状细胞癌 (简称鳞癌 )中的表达及其与之发生、发展的关系。方法　采用原位杂交方法检测 84例原发性喉鳞癌 (primarylaryngealsquamouscellcarcinoma ,PLSCC)、2 7例喉癌前病变不典型增生 (laryngealprecancerouslesion ,LPL)、10例声带息肉(vocalcordpolyp ,VCP)和 10例正常喉黏膜 (normallaryngealtissues ,NLT)石蜡标本组织细胞中KAI1mRNA的表达。结果　NLT、VCP、LPL和PLSCC 4种组织中KAI1阳性表达的积分吸光度值 ( x±s)分别为 (136 2 0 6 8± 36 6 75 5 )、(1336 74 5± 4 2 85 8 5 )、(90 36 8 8± 2 5 70 1 9)和 (6 7880 6± 2 8189 5 ) ,其中NLT组和VCP组之间差异无显著性 (t=0 14 2 ,P >0 0 5 ) ,NLT组和LPL组之间差异有显著性 (t =4 2 81,P <0 0 1) ;PLSCC组中KAI1表达普遍下调 ,且病理分化G1 2组阳性表达水平高于G3组 ;T1 2病变组高于T3 4组 ;颈淋巴结NO组高于N1及N1以上组 ;临床Ⅰ Ⅱ期组高于临床Ⅲ Ⅳ期组 (P值均 <0 0 1)。KAI1表达与患者性别无关 (P >0 0 5 )。结论　KAI1低表达在喉鳞癌的发生、发展中可能起着重要作用 ,可望作为喉鳞癌早期诊断、评估肿瘤细胞侵袭转移潜能及患者病程发展阶段的指标之一。     

脑肿瘤干细胞体外分化过程中的回逆现象分析

目的探讨脑肿瘤干细胞（BTSCs）体外分化过程中的回逆现象，为研究其分化抑制机制奠定基础。方法利用CD133免疫磁珠筛选系统，从肿瘤组织中分离获得的CD133^＋细胞（BTSCs）分成4组进行培养：（1）含10％胎牛血清（FCS）；（2）10％FCS＋丙戊酸钠注射液（VPA）；（3）无FCS＋生长因子；（4）无FCS＋生长因子＋VPA。取不同时间点上的细胞，相差显微镜观察其形态变化：流式细胞术检测与分化相关的标志物、细胞周期和DNA倍体变化；利用免疫激光共聚焦分析与分化相关标志物的共表达情况。结果无FCS条件下培养的BTSCs呈悬浮球状生长，高表达CD133和巢蛋白（nestin），不表达胶质纤维酸性蛋白（GFAP）和β-微管蛋白Ⅲ（β-TubulinⅢ）。G0／G1期细胞占大多数，G2／M期细胞接近0％，DNA都是异倍体，对VPA反应不敏感。含FCS培养的原本悬浮的细胞约4h开始贴壁。均呈圆形。此后逐渐向多形性分化，至7d时分化的细胞部分又返回至圆形。至10d-21d时，有的还能重新恢复球形，并呈悬浮生长。培养3d、7d、10d和21d时，CD133、nestin阳性细胞数先降后升，GFAP^＋和β-TubulinⅢ^＋细胞数始终处于较低水平。含FCS培养液中加入VPA。细胞形态上未见上述的回逆现象，CD133和nestin表达的先降后升现象消失，GFAP和β-TubulinⅢ在第7天以后表达明显升高，但极大部分细胞共表达nestin。而神经干细胞（NSCs）在含FCS培养至10d时，即以GFAP和β-TubulinⅢ表达为主，未见CD133^＋细胞。此外，含血清培养时BTSCs仍以异倍体为主。含少量的G2／M期细胞，加VPA诱导后细胞周期和DNA倍体变化不明显。结论BTSCs在含血清条件下培养出现的多向分化表型不稳定，时有去分化所导致的回逆。加入诱导分化剂VPA培养，虽然能阻止回逆现象出现，并有代表星形胶质细胞和神经元标志物表达上升．但因其共表达nestin而仍属于未完全分化细胞，表明BTSCs分化始终处于受抑状态。     

Fertility in patients with multiple sclerosis: current knowledge and future perspectives

Abstract The issue of fertility in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) has not been exhaustively studied. Epidemiological data have suggested that spontaneous fecundity might be reduced; several endocrine and sexual disturbances potentially interfering with reproduction have been evidenced in MS patients of both sexes. Moreover, some medical treatments used in MS (e. g., mitoxantrone, cyclophosphamide) may exert detrimental effects on spermatozoa as well as on oocytes, leading to early impairment of fertility. This review illustrates the factors potentially interfering with fertility in MS and discusses the therapeutic tools that may be used to promote fertility in these patients. The safety of hormonal therapies in MS is also examined. The current applications of assisted reproductive technology (ART) are discussed, including in vitro fertilisation (IVF) techniques. Currently available methods to preserve fertility in patients that undergo cytotoxic treatments by means of sperm/oocyte cryostorage or by ovarian fragment cryopreservation and autografting are considered.     

预移植在胚胎移植中的意义

目的 :评价预移植在胚胎移植中的作用。　方法 :在超声波引导下胚胎移植 114个周期 ,其中 10 1个周期进行预移植。比较预移植与未预移植周期临床妊娠率和胚胎种植率 ;按预移植与实际胚胎放置深度差值分组 ,并比较两组妊娠率和胚胎种植率。　结果 :预移植周期与未预移植周期临床妊娠率和种植率统计学差异无显著性(5 9.4 1%和 6 1.5 4 % ,35 .81%和 31.4 3% ,P均 >0 .0 5 ) ;按预移植与实际胚胎放置深度差值分组后 ,两组妊娠率和种植率统计学差异也无显著性 (6 1.5 4 %和 5 8.6 7% ,4 0 .79%和 34.0 9% ,P均 >0 .0 5 )。　结论 :在胚胎移植技术中 ,预移植不能准确指引胚胎移植深度     

国产血管内介入治疗导管的临床应用

目的：探讨国产导管在血管内介入治疗中的价值。方法：应用60条国产血管内介入治疗导管行脑血管造影17例、盆腔动脉造影及栓塞6例、肝动脉造影及栓塞37例。结果：所有血管造影及治疗均成功完成。结论：国产血管内介入治疗导管能够满足介入治疗的需要。