分枝杆菌多糖免疫调节作用的研究

由非致病性分枝杆菌中提取出的多糖成分，命名为分枝杆菌多糖，动物实验表明，ＭＰＳ可增强小鼠巨噬细胞的吞噬杀伤活性；提高小鼠产生抗ＳＲｂｃ抗体能力；促进经环磷酰胺处理小鼠减少的白细胞迅速回升；回强小鼠造血祖细胞功能及提高其血清ＧＭ－ＣＳＦ水平。     

精氨酸对阻塞性黄疸大鼠的免疫调节作用

阻塞性黄疸患者围手术其易感性明显高于非黄疸者，其发病原因尚不完全清楚。本文研究了阻塞性黄疸大鼠脾脏淋巴细胞白细胞介素２生成能力及抑制性Ｔ淋巴细胞功能的变化；同时观察了精氨酸对阻塞性黄疸大鼠免疫功能的影响。结果显示：胆管结扎大鼠脾脏淋巴细胞白细胞介素２生成能力明显下降，抑制性Ｔ淋白细胞活性明显增强；应用精氨酸治疗的阻塞性黄疸大鼠脾脏淋巴细胞白细胞介素２生成能力较单纯胆管结扎大鼠明显增强；抑制性Ｔ淋巴     

C3d-P28对基因免疫诱导的HBV特异性细胞免疫应答的调节作用

目的：观察补体C3d-P28对基因免疫诱导的HBV特异性细胞免疫应答的调节作用，为增强基因免疫效果寻求新方法。方法：将质粒pVAON33-S2／S质粒(仅含HBV-preS2／S编码基因)和pVAON33-S2／S-P28．4质粒(含HBV-prS2/S和4拷贝C3d-P28的编码基因)以肌肉注射法对BALB／C小鼠实施基因免疫(100μg/100μl只)，并以空载质粒为对照。定期采集免疫小鼠血清、ELISA法检测其中特异性抗HBs-IgG及其亚型的水平；免疫小鼠脾细胞经特异性抗原(HBsAg)刺激后，采用，H-TdR掺入法、半定量RT-PCR法、同位素释放法分别检测其特异性淋巴细胞增殖活性、IL-4和IFN-γ基因表达的水平、CTL杀伤活性。结果：pVAON33-S2／S-P28．4质粒基因免疫诱导的特异性淋巴细胞增殖活性、抗HBs-IgG水平以及特异性CTL杀伤活性均明显高于pVAON33-S2／S质粒；C3d-P28未改变基因免疫诱导的抗HBs-IgG各亚型水平的格局，同时增强IgG1、IgG2a、IgG2b的水平；pVAON33-S2／S-P28．4质粒诱导的IL-4和IFN-γ的基因表达水平均明显高于pVAON33-S2／S质粒。结论：C3d-P28可在提高体液免疫应答的同时增强基因免疫诱导的HBV特异性细胞免疫应答。     

抗胸腺细胞球蛋白在体外刺激T细胞增殖和释放细胞因子

抗胸腺细胞球蛋白作为一种免疫抑制剂在预防器官和多植的排斥反应和治疗严重的再生障碍性贫血中有确切的作用。本工作在体外研究了抗胸腺细胞球蛋白（ＡＴＧ）／ＰＨＡ刺激人ＰＢＭＣ的增殖和释放细胞因子。结果为（１）＾３Ｈ－胸腺嘧啶掺入试验表明ＡＴＧ与ＰＨＡ一样具有强的促有丝分裂活性。（２）ＡＴＨ刺激的Ｔ细胞是以辅助Ｔ细胞为主（ＣＤ４／ＣＤ８〉１），在同样的条件下ＰＨＡ刺激Ｔ细胞ＣＤ４／ＣＤ８的比值小１。（３）     

Immunoregulation of autoimmunity by natural killer T cells

Natural killer T (NKT) cells are a conserved subpopulation of lymphocytes that recognize glycolipid antigens in a CD1d context. Upon activation through their semi-invariant T cell receptor, these cells rapidly release large amounts of immunomodulating Th1 and Th2 cytokines. NKT cells have therefore been implicated in immune responses controlling various diseases, including infection, cancer, transplantation, and autoimmunity. Stimulation of the immunoregulatory capacity of NKT cells by the prototypical antigen -galactosylceramide results in amelioration of disease in several animal models. This review will focus on the current knowledge of human NKT cells and their role in autoimmune diseases. The features of these cells and their importance in regulation of autoimmunity suggest that NKT cell-based therapies might be an interesting approach for the treatment of autoimmune diseases.     

Endocrine regulation of the immune system

Summary Immunoregulation, the major process of self-defence, appears to be more complex than has been previously thought, involving the central nervous and endocrine systems. This review demonstrates growing evidence for the hypothesis that endocrine factors from the pituitary and hypothalamus directly influence the development and function of the immune system. Both pituitary and hypothalamic hormones interfere with lymphocyte proliferation and function. Proliferation of T-lymphocytes as well as production of immunoglobulins by plasma cells seem to be hormone dependent. Clinical observations suggest that hematological, oncological, and immunological disorders known for their immune pathogenesis are associated with alterations of the endocrine homeostasis. Recently, human peripheral mononuclear cells have been shown to possess specific receptors for pituitary hormones. It is hypothesized that proteohormones act directly on lymphocytes via specific membrane receptors. Thus, the endocrine system, closely related to cortical and subcortical centers in the central nervous system, is one of the body's instruments to regulate and modulate its immune response. This hypothesized immunoregulatory pathway via the central nervous system and endocrine glands may well be of importance for the body's defence against infectious and malignant diseases. In addition, a new picture of the complex immunoregulatory mechanisms emerges for a better understanding of the function of the immune system. However, there is no single hormone which has yet been identified as being crucial for development and/or function of the immune system. It appears from the literature that a number of various proteohormones rather than a single hormone acts on immunocompetent cells.Abkürzungsverzeichnis ACTH adrenocorticotropic hormone - CNS central nervous system - HCG human chorionic gonadotropin - HGH human growth hormone - MLC mixed lymphocyte culture - NK natural killer - PHA phytohaemagglutinine - PRL prolactin - TSH thyroid stimulating hormone Gefördert von der Stiftung Volkswagenwerk     

骨髓间质干细胞下调免疫反应的实验研究

目的：研究骨髓间质干细胞（Mesenchymal stem cells, MSCs）下调免疫反应的作用及其机制.方法：采用流式细胞分析（FCM）鉴定MSCs的纯度,用^3H-TdR掺入法测定MSCs对ConA刺激的淋巴细胞增殖的影响,利用RT-PCR和Real-time PCR检测TGF-β1、IL-8、IL-10的基因表达,同时进行皮肤移植模型研究.结果：MSCs对ConA刺激的淋巴细胞增殖的影响与MSCs和淋巴细胞的比值有关.RT-PCR结果显示MSCs对淋巴细胞分泌TGF-β1无显著性影响,而Real-time PCR的结果显示MSCs促进淋巴细胞分泌IL-10,减少淋巴细胞分泌IL-8.皮肤移植实验显示MSCs能延长异种移植皮肤的存活时间.结论：MSCs能下调免疫反应和抑制皮肤移植排斥反应,其可能的机制是通过促进淋巴细胞分泌IL-10以及减少淋巴细胞分泌IL-8来发挥作用.     

Linked in vivo expression of soluble interleukin-4 receptor and interleukin-4 in murine schistosomiasis

Soluble interleukin-4 receptors (sIL-4R) are truncated IL-4R molecules that are secreted into biological fluids. To gain an insight into the mechanisms that control sIL-4R synthesis in vivo and their role in the regulation of immune responses, the expression and secretion of sIL-4R in mice infected with Schistosoma mansoni was studied. Splenocytes from infected animals responded to schistosomal antigen preparations with increased production of both IL-4 and sIL-4R. The synthesis of sIL-4R by spleen cells peaked at 8 weeks following infection and coincided with maximum levels of sIL-4R in serum and sIL-4R-specific mRNA in the liver of infected mice. The expression of IL-4-specific mRNA in the liver was different from that of IL-4R, reaching its peak approximately 2 weeks earlier. A relationship between sIL-4R production and the development and activation of Th2 cells was suggested by the findings that: (a) in vivo administration of anti-IL-4 antibodies (11B11) impaired the ability of splenic cells to secrete either IL-4 or sIL-4R; and (b) splenic cells from mice vaccinated with irradiated cercariae, which tend to develop much weaker Th2 responses than mice injected with live cercariae, expressed reduced levels of sIL-4R when challenged with schistosomal antigens. Moreover, a direct role for IL-4 in regulating the expression of sIL-4R was suggested by the ability of anti-IL-4 antibodies to inhibit sIL-4R synthesis in vitro. These data provide the first evidence demonstrating that the production of sIL-4R in vivo is up-regulated during immune responses, especially during those characterized by the development and activation of Th2 cells and IL-4 secretion. The association between sIL-4R and IL-4 syntheses is consistent with a potential role for sIL-4R in the regulation of IL-4 activity in vivo.     

血管活性肠肽对树突状细胞免疫调节作用研究进展

神经系统与免疫系统通过神经肽、神经递质和细胞因子相互作用。血管活性肠肽(VIP)作为一种重要的神经肽参与炎症反应和免疫应答的调控。近年研究表明VIP能通过与树突状细胞(DC)表面的受体结合调节DC的表型和功能成熟,在DC体内迁移和功能成熟中发挥重要作用。VIP主要通过调节DC膜表面黏附分子和共刺激分子的表达、趋化因子及其受体的表达和趋化活性,诱导Th细胞分化以及抗原提呈功能发挥作用。     

草分枝杆菌在肿瘤临床应用中的价值

草分枝杆菌为一种多功能免疫刺激剂,主要通过影响免疫应答反应而调节机体免疫功能,除治疗肺结核等疾病,也应用于恶性肿瘤的治疗和预防。目前国外临床已广泛应用于膀胱癌的治疗,取得了较好的疗效。草分枝杆菌对恶性肿瘤细胞生长抑制作用的机制,目前认为:①刺激癌细胞浸润的单核-巨噬细胞合成白细胞介素12(已知具有抗癌活性的细胞因子);②抗血管新生,抑制肿瘤血管生成;③调节细胞增殖周期、诱导癌细胞凋亡,抑制癌细胞的增殖和存活。