Serum omentin-1, inflammation and carotid atherosclerosis in patients with non-diabetic chronic kidney disease

Abstract

Background and aim: Omentin-1 is suggested to affect inversely atherosclerosis (AS). Data about omentin-1 is limited to chronic kidney disease (CKD). Our aim was to examine omentin-1 in non-diabetic CKD patients who are not dialyzed and investigate its relationships with inflammation and carotid AS. Materials and Methods: We performed a cross-sectional study in 55 non-diabetic CKD patients and 30 healthy controls. Baseline clinical and laboratory data were obtained for all participants. Serum omentin-1 and interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels were measured according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Carotic plaque and intima-media thickness (IMT) were assessed by carotid ultrasonography. The homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) was used to assess IR. Results: Omentin-1 and IL-6 levels in the patient group were found to be higher than the control group; the differences were statistically significant (p?=?0.01 and p?=?0.04, respectively). Carotid IMT(mean) was significantly higher in the patient group (p?=?0.01). Omentin-1 did not correlate with IL-6 and IMT in the patient group (p?=?0.51 and p?=?0.76, respectively). In subgroup analysis, omentin-1 levels in patients with carotid plaque were lower than those without carotid plaque (179.5?±?88.1?ng/ml and 185.9?±?67.8?ng/ml, respectively). However, the difference was not statistically significant (p?=?0.47). Conclusion: We conclude that omentin-1 is higher in not dialyzed non-diabetic CKD and there is no correlation between omentin-1 and IL-6 or carotid IMT(mean).     

let-7在小鼠哮喘模型气道炎性反应中的作用及机制

目的 观察let-7家族微RNA抑制剂(anti-let-7)对支气管哮喘(简称哮喘)小鼠气道炎性反应的影响,并探讨let-7参与哮喘形成的机制.方法 32只小鼠按随机数字法分为4组(n=8),即正常对照组(A组)、哮喘组(B组)、干预对照组(C组)和干预组(D组).其中B、C和D组用鸡卵蛋白(OVA)免疫,建立哮喘模型,A组以生理盐水替代OVA处理.D组小鼠激发前注射anti-let-7以抑制内源性let-7表达,C组小鼠注射乱序siRNA对照.比较各组小鼠支气管肺泡灌洗液(BALF)的细胞计数,肺组织中let-7e以及BALF中白细胞介素-10(IL-10)含量；体外用anti-let-7转染肺癌细胞A549,并检测细胞中let-7e表达和细胞培养上清中IL-10的含量；荧光素酶报告法检测let-7e是否直接靶向IL-10.结果 与A组相比,B组和C组小鼠BALF中细胞总数和嗜酸粒细胞数显著增加[(20.32±5.33)×109/L和(24.74±6.69)×109/L比(7.12± 1.88)×109/L,(6.45±2.5)×109/L和(7.12±2.66)×109/L比(0.04±0.01)×109/L,均P＜0.01]；肺组织中let-7e水平明显升高(分别为3.83倍和3.27倍,均P＜0.01).与C组比较,D组BALF中细胞总数和嗜酸粒细胞数明显减少[(13.85±3.74)× 109/L比(24.74±6.69)×109/L,(2.15±1.13)×109/L比(7.12±2.66)×109/L,均P＜0.05]；肺组织中let-7e显著降低[(0.45±0.22)比(3.28±0.45),P＜0.01],同时BALF中IL-10水平明显升高[(4.68±0.85)比(1.70±0.29),P＜0.01].此外,在肺癌细胞A549 中转染anti-let-7,let-7e表达显著下降[(0.22±0.03)比(1.00±0.11),P＜0.01],同时培养上清中IL-10明显上升[(2.58±0.35)比(1.00±0.15),P＜0.01].体外let-7e过表达显著降低IL-10报告载体的荧光素酶活性[(0.59±0.06)比(1.00±0.03),P＜0.01],而对突变的IL-10报告载体没有抑制作用.结论 anti-let-7对哮喘小鼠气道炎性反应具有明显的抑制作用,其作用机制可能与let-7直接靶向并抑制IL-10有关.     

Increasing organ donation via changes in the default choice or allocation rule

This research utilizes a laboratory experiment to evaluate the effectiveness of alternative public policies targeted at increasing the rate of deceased donor organ donation. The experiment includes treatments across different default choices and organ allocation rules inspired by the donor registration systems applied in different countries. Our results indicate that the opt-out with priority rule system generates the largest increase in organ donation relative to an opt-in only program. However, sizeable gains are achievable using either a priority rule or opt-out program separately, with the opt-out rule generating approximately 80% of the benefits achieved under a priority rule program.     

Ten‐Year Retrospective Follow‐Up Study of the TiOblast™ Dental Implant

Purpose: Long‐term results in the clinical outcome of different implant systems, including high patient numbers and a long follow‐up time, are rare. This retrospective study evaluated the cumulative survival rate of a self‐tapping, cylindrical implant system with a conical implant‐abutment connection after 10 years of prosthetic loading. Materials and Methods: A total of 516 TiOblast? implants (Astra Tech AB, Mölndal, Sweden) were placed in 108 patients. The patients were treated in the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany, between September 1994 and May 2005. The main indications for implantation were the treatment of edentulous mandibles (74%) and partial edentulism (15%). Twenty‐three implants were placed postradiation, and a further 64 implants were irradiated after insertion. In 153 implants, a bony augmentation was conducted prior to implantation. Results: The in situ rate was 89.7% after an average implantation time of 108 months. Eighty‐three patients with 403 implants were available for investigation. Seventeen patients with 76 implants have died since 1994. Absence of osseointegration (n = 22), peri‐implantitis (n = 18), fracture of the implants (n = 9), failing of primary stability (n = 2), and implants next to tumors (n = 2) were the reasons of explantation in 26 patients. Under analysis with different implant success‐assessment criteria, the success rate showed results from 76 to 89%. Conclusion: With respect to the critical patient selection including a high number of patients with minor and major augmentations, the 10‐year clinical use of the studied implant system showed acceptable results.     

Novel pyrimidine-based CXCR2 chemokine receptor antagonists

Novel derivatives of 6-amino-2-benzylthio-4-hydroxypyrimidine are claimed as CXCR2 chemokine receptor antagonists useful in the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma and allergic rhinitis, inflammatory bowel disease, psoriasis, osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis and cancer. The claimed compounds are monocylic analogues of previously described purine derivatives, at least some of which display reasonable affinity for the CXCR2 receptor.     

狭鳕鱼皮胶原多肽对去势大鼠骨微结构影响的研究

目的通过观察狭鳕鱼皮胶原多肽对去势大鼠骨质疏松模型骨微结构的影响，探讨其防治骨质疏松的可行性。方法成年 Wistar 雌性大鼠 60 只，体质量（250±10）g，随机分为 5 组（n=12），分别为正常对照组（A 组）、骨质疏松模型组（B 组）、骨质疏松模型+狭鳕鱼皮胶原多肽预防组（C 组）、骨质疏松模型+狭鳕鱼皮胶原多肽低剂量治疗组（D 组）、骨质疏松模型+狭鳕鱼皮胶原多肽高剂量治疗组（E 组），每组 12 只。B、C、D、E 组采用摘除双侧卵巢法制备大鼠骨质疏松模型。C 组从术前 4 周开始、D、E 组从术后 6 周开始，每天按照 1.0、0.5、1.0 g/kg 行狭鳕鱼皮胶原多肽灌胃，连续 6 周；A、B 组于术后同时间点给予等体积生理盐水灌胃。末次给药 24 h 后，A、B 组大鼠摄股骨 X 线片并测定灰度值；然后颈椎脱臼法处死各组大鼠，取左侧胫骨近端骨组织行 HE 染色，观察骨组织病理学改变，测量骨小梁数量（trabecular number，TN）、平均骨小梁厚度（mean trabecular plate thickness，MTPT）、平均骨小梁间距（mean trabecular plate spacing，MTPS）、骨小梁体积百分比（trabecular bone volume，TBV）、平均骨皮质厚度（mean bone cortical thickness，MBCT）；免疫组织化学染色观测降钙素受体（caltitonin receptor，CTR）及 IL-1 表达水平。 结果B 组大鼠股骨灰度值显著低于 A 组（t=45.130，P=0.000），表明去势大鼠骨质疏松模型制备成功。组织学观察示，A、C、E 组 TN、MTPS、TBV、MBCT 与 B 组比较，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）；C 组各骨组织形态计量学参数与 D、E 组比较，差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）；D 组 TN、MTPS、TBV、MBCT 与 A 组比较差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）；E 组仅 MTPS 与 A 组比较差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）；E 组 MTPS、TBV、MBCT 与 D 组比较，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。免疫组织化学染色观察示，A、C、D、E 组 CTR、IL-1 表达水平较 B 组降低，C、E 组低于 D 组，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）；其余组间比较差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）。 结论狭鳕鱼皮胶原多肽能够改善骨质疏松大鼠的骨微结构，其机制可能与抑制骨组织中 CTR、IL-1 表达有关，但尚未发现其对骨质疏松症有预防作用。     

Human interleukin-10 gene inhibits acute rejection by triggering apoptosis in allograft vascular transplantation

The aim this study is to explore effect of IL-10 on apoptosis of VSMCs in allograft arterial transplantation rats, and to investigate mechanism. SD rats were divied into three groups, including control group (CN, with physiological saline), blank vector group (BV, with blank adenovirus) and combined gene group (CG, with adenovirus carried IL-10 gene). The isolated donor vascular was transfected with the adenovirus carried hIL-10 gene for 30 minutes by immersing method. Forty-five days post transplantation, the grafts were harvested. The allografts pathologioc changes were observed and the size of vascular intima and middle layer of allografts were measured. The expression of hIL-10 was detected by RT-PCR, ELISA and immunohistochemistry, respectively. The repression of Fas/Fasl in artery allografts was also examined by immunohistochemistry method. The results indicated that 45 days after transplantation, the intimal and middle hyperplasia ratio in CG group was significantly lower than that in CN and BV group (P < 0.05). The transgene expression of human interleukin-10 was significantly enhanced in CG group compared to CN and BV group by ELISA, RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry (P < 0.05). The expression of Fas/FasL was higher in CG group compared with the other groups (P < 0.05). The level of apoptotic smooth muscle cells were significantly increased in CG group compared to CN and BV group (P < 0.05). In conclusion, adenovirus mediated IL-10 expression could up-regulate Fas/FasL expression, induce smooth muscle cell apoptosis and alleviate angiosclerosis process. The IL-10 gene transfer to allograft artery could inhibit acute rejection reaction of allograft vascular transplantation.     

Targeting tissue-resident memory CD8+ T cells in the kidney is a potential therapeutic strategy to ameliorate podocyte injury and glomerulosclerosis

1. Download : Download high-res image (142KB)
2. Download : Download full-size image

     

Does choice of antiretroviral drugs matter for inflammation?

Introduction: The massive implementation of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) has forever changed the landscape of HIV infection. This unprecedented success has turned HIV infection into a manageable chronic disease. The increased survival of people living with HIV is, however, shadowed by a high burden of aging-related comorbidities. The pathogenic basis underlying this excess of co-morbid conditions is most likely a persistent inflammatory and immune activation state, despite an optimal control of HIV replication, which in turn has largely been attributed to bacterial or bacterial products translocation from the gut.

Area covered: This review is focused on the relationship between cART and the chronic inflammatory and immune activation status in otherwise virologically well-controlled people living with HIV (PLWH). Particular focus will be placed on the differences, if any, between distinct cART modalities, with emphasis on less-drug cART regimens, and especially on dual therapies.

Expert opinion: Research to address the increased inflammatory and immune activation status of cART-treated, HIV-infected patients, should focus on adjuvant means of therapy, rather than on the cART regime itself. With current antiretrovirals, no difference between dual and triple regimens has been demonstrated, provided that virological and immunological outcomes be non-inferior.