Multi‐center Retrospective Study of Factors Affecting Perioperative Transfusion of Packed Red Blood Cells for Pelvic Fracture Patients

ObjectiveTo analyze the use of packed red blood cells (PRBCs) for patients with pelvic fracture and evaluate factors associated with PRBC transfusion for patients with pelvic fracture.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study collected 551 patients with pelvic fractures from six hospitals between September 1, 2012, and June 31, 2019. The age span of patients varied from 10 to 95 years old, and they were classified into two groups based on high‐energy pelvic fractures (HE‐PFs) or low‐energy pelvic fractures (LE‐PFs). The study''s outcome was the use of PRBCs, fresh frozen plasma (FFP), and albumin. Demographic data, characteristics, laboratory tests, clinical treatment details, and clinical outcomes were compared between the two groups. Factors that were statistically associated with perioperative PRBCs in univariate analyses were included to conduct an optimal scale regression to determine the independent factors for perioperative PRBCs.ResultsA total of 551 patients were screened from six hospitals, and after inclusion and exclusion, 319 were finally included and finished the follow‐up from admission to discharge, while four patients died during hospitalization. Three hundred and nineteen patients were classified into two groups by their injury mechanisms. A total of 230/319 (72.1%) patients were classified into the HE‐PF group, and 89/319 (27.8%) patients were classified into the LE‐PF group. Patients in the HE‐PF group were transfused with 4.5 (3–8) units of PRBCs, 300 (0–600) ml of FFP, and 0 (0–30) g of albumin, while patients in the LE‐PF group were transfused with 3.5 (2–4.5) units of PRBCs, 0 (0–295) ml of FFP, and 0 (0–0) g of albumin (all P < 0.001). There were higher proportions of male patients and patients under 65 in the HE‐PF group (all P < 0.001). HE‐PF group patients were more severely injured and likely to take external fixation. The optimal scale regression revealed four significant factors associated with perioperative transfused PRBCs, which were patients on admission with hemorrhagic shock (importance = 0.283, P = 0.004), followed by fracture types identified by Tile classification (importance = 0.156, P < 0.001), hemoglobin levels below 70 g/L on admission (importance = 0.283, P = 0.004), followed by fracture types identified by Tile classification (importance = 0.156, P < 0.001), hemoglobin levels below 70 g/L on admission (importance = 0.148, P = 0.039), and methods of pelvic fixation (importance = 0.008, P = 0.026), ranked by the importance.ConclusionPatients with HE‐PFs had increased transfusions of PRBCs, FFP, and albumin, and hemorrhagic shock on admission, Tile classification, Hb levels, and stabilization methods were found to be associated with perioperative PRBCs.     

小腿后侧远端蒂筋膜皮瓣修复踝足部皮肤缺损

小腿下端及足跟部等近踝处皮肤菲薄,血运差,缺损易导致骨骼、肌腱外露。该处软组织缺损的治疗较为棘手1998年9月～2006年6月,我院共收治此类患者60例,采用小腿后侧远端蒂筋膜皮瓣修复此处皮肤缺损,均取得良好效果．报道如下。     

Isolated partial tear of extensor digitorum longus tendon with overlying muscle herniation in acute ankle sports injury: role of high resolution musculoskeletal ultrasound

Lateral Ankle sprain is a common sports-related trauma with the mechanism of injury ranging from inversion to plantar flexion. These injuries commonly affect the ligaments but can also affect the associated soft tissue structures like the eversion muscles and tendons. Prompt and accurate diagnosis of such injuries is warranted so as to ensure early return to play and prevent long-term complications. Lateral ankle sprain injuries in sports may not always be associated with ligament injuries. We report a never before reported case of lateral ankle sprain injury in a soccer player with the unusual finding of isolated partial tear of Extensor digitorum longus muscle and its fascia leading to myo-fascial herniation. The lateral ankle ligaments were intact. The diagnosis was clinched on a high-frequency ultrasound scan supported by dynamic maneuvers which in fact proved to be superior to MRI as the latter failed to demonstrate the myo-fascial herniation in our case. We therefore propose that real-time ultrasound scanning with dynamic maneuvers should be the first line of investigation to assess sports injuries in anatomically complex joints like the ankle.     

电针配合中药熏洗治疗踝关节扭伤疗效观察

目的观察电针配合中药熏洗治疗陈旧性踝关节扭伤的临床疗效。方法将84例患者根据自愿分为A组、B组、C组,每组28例。A组采用电针配合中药熏洗治疗,B组采用单纯电针治疗,C组采用单纯中药熏洗治疗,治疗2个疗程后进行疗效评定和分析。结果 A组治愈率为71.4%,B组为42.9%,C组为28.6%,A组明显优于B组与C组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)结论电针配合中药熏洗治疗陈旧性踝关节扭伤能明显提高治愈率。     

间接视神经损伤的治疗和视力预后分析

目的探讨间接视神经损伤患者视力预后的影响因素,评价单纯药物治疗（糖皮质激素为主,能量合剂、神经营养、脱水、改善血管微循环等常规药物为辅）与联合治疗（视神经减压术加上述药物）的临床效果。方法回顾性研究186例间接视神经损伤患者的临床资料,对影响视力预后的多种因素进行分析,比较其药物治疗和联合治疗的临床效果。结果186例患者中,67例（36．02％）视力有好转,51例恢复中心视力,经治疗最终视力优于伤后视力（P〈0．01）。136例无光感眼视力好转率仅为25．74％,比残留视力眼的好转率低42．26％（P〈0．01）。联合治疗与单纯药物治疗的疗效差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。Logistic回归法分析,显示手术治疗对于伤后残留视力眼的视力好转有意义（P〈0．01）,伤后昏迷是影响视神经损伤眼预后的危险因素（P〈0．05）。伤后残留视力眼,视神经管骨折、颅脑伤、年龄偏高、视力首次好转时间延迟均为影响患者视力预后的危险因素,而视神经损伤后及时的手术治疗则是保护视力的有利措施,伤后残留视力值分别与最终视力和视力恢复值呈直线正相关。结论视力为无光感、昏迷、视神经管骨折、颅脑伤、年龄偏高、视力首次好转时间延迟均为间接视神经损伤患者视力预后的危险因素,而伤后残留视力情况直接关系到患者的视力预后;视神经管减压术有利于伤后残留视力眼的预后,联合治疗的效果优于单纯药物治疗。     

大鼠视神经钳伤后外侧膝状体细胞损伤的研究

目的　探讨大鼠视神经钳伤后 ,外侧膝状体 (lateralgeniculatebody,LGB)细胞的损伤情况。方法　用 4 0g视神经损伤钳 ,压迫Sprague Dawley(SD)大鼠双侧视神经 30s,制成视神经部分定量损伤的动物模型。对LGB连续梯度切片 ,7d后用末端脱氧核苷酸转移酶介导的dUTP缺口末端标记法 (teriminaldeoxynucleotidyltransferase mediateddUTPnickend labeling ,TUNEL)对LGB细胞进行凋亡检测。 1个月后通过免疫组化染色技术 ,用兔抗鼠神经丝 (neurofilament,NF)单克隆抗体对LGB的神经元进行检测。同时经视觉中枢注入荧光染料颗粒蓝 ,对LGB细胞进行逆行荧光标记 ,在 70 0nm波长荧光显微镜下对连续切片的LGB标记细胞进行平均密度计数 ,并与对照组比较。结果　TUNEL法染色证实LGB细胞发生凋亡。对照组神经丝免疫组化染色呈清晰的条索状 ,而实验组明显减少。对照组LGB细胞密度均值为 (5 172± 2 4 8)个 /mm2 ,而损伤组LGB细胞密度均值为 (414 4± 6 1)个 /mm2 ,两组比较差异有非常显著意义 (t=8 995 ,P <0 0 1)。结论　在大鼠视神经钳伤后 ,LGB细胞受损 ,其损伤机制与凋亡有关     

3种保肝药物治疗艾滋病人的药物性肝损伤的成本—效果分析

目的:评价3种保肝药物治疗艾滋病人的药物性肝损伤的成本—效果。方法:166例患者随机分为3组,分别给予还原型谷胱甘肽(A组)、复方甘草酸苷(B组)、硫普罗宁(C组),治疗28d后观察(A、B、C组)3组治疗效果,并进行成本—效果分析。结果:A组疗效显著>B、C组(P<0.05),且A组成本/效果比为3组中最低。结论:还原型谷胱甘肽(A组)为艾滋病人的药物性肝损伤的较佳治疗药物。     

外伤相关黑素瘤87例临床病理特点与预后分析

目的:分析外伤相关黑素瘤的临床病理特点及其与患者预后间的关系。方法:回顾性分析2009—2020年第四军医大学西京皮肤医院87例外伤相关黑素瘤的临床病理特点,通过Mann-Whitney检验分析不同年龄、性别患者间肿瘤Breslow厚度的差异;通过Spearman秩相关分析外伤至发现皮疹的时间与Breslow厚度之间的...     

N-甲基-D-天门冬氨酸受体亚型NR1、NR2A在大鼠视网膜缺血再灌注损伤模型中的表达

目的:研究N-甲基-D-天门冬氨酸受体(N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor,NMDAR)功能亚单位NMDAR1、NM-DAR2A在Wister大鼠视网膜缺血再灌注模型中的表达情况。方法:18只健康成年Wister大鼠分成6组,每组3只,都取其右眼行视神经周围血管结扎手术制备视网膜缺血再灌注模型,左眼作为对照组不行手术。60分钟后去除结扎缝线恢复血流,分别于再灌注后即刻、3、12、24、72、168小时处死大鼠,摘除眼球,做冰冻切片。用免疫组织化学方法观察NR1、NR2A在视网膜缺血再灌注后不同时刻的变化并进行图象分析及统计学处理。结果:(1)各实验组和对照组间及各实验组间NMDAR1的表达无统计学意义。(2)除即刻组外各实验组和对照组间及各实验组间NMDAR2A的表达均有统计学意义,从再灌注后3小时至168小时NMDR2A表达缓慢上升。结论:(1)NMDAR1与视网膜缺血再灌注损伤无关,不参与谷氨酸的兴奋性毒性作用。(2)NMDAR2A与视网膜缺血再灌注损伤有关,参与谷氨酸兴奋性毒性作用。     

早期集束化急救策略救治严重多发伤临床评价

目的 探究采用早期集束化急救策略治疗严重多发伤的运用情况.方法 整群选择该院2013年2月—2015年2月收治的严重多发伤患者122例,分为观察组、对照组,各61例. 对照组采取一般监护治疗措施,观察组采取早期集束化急救策略. 对比两组在入院时、入院后1 h以及入院后24 h的乳酸(Lac)、血红蛋白(Hb)和血气指标,并且比较两组检查花费时间、平均住ICU时间、急诊手术率、漏诊率以及病死率情况. 结果 观察组在入院后1 h和24 h的Lac、Hb以及血气指标均显著优于对照组, 差异有统计学意义 (P<0.05). 观察组病死率为13.11%(8/61), 漏诊率为4.92%(3/61),均显著低于对照组的病死率31.15%(19/61),漏诊率为13.11%(8/61),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组急诊手术率为83.61%(51/61),显著高于对照的70.49%(43/61),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组检查花费时间和平均住ICU时间均显著低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05). 结论 对于严重多发伤患者采取早期集束化急救策略可显著提高抢救率,降低死亡率,值得临床推广.