L’ail au banc d’essai dans la prévention cardiovasculaire et les maladies métaboliques

May garlic have beneficial effects on cardiovascular and metabolic diseases?Some data support that garlic may have benefical medicinal functions on dyslipidemia, hypertension and diabetes mellitus. However the results of clinical trials are controversial. Several metaanalysis and a systematic review didn’t confirm that garlic or its compounds had significant effects on plasma lipids or on blood pressure. The hypoglycaemic effect was supported by any randomised clinical study. Contrary to the assertion of many physicians and patients, consumption of garlic can’t be considered as an alternative treatment for dyslipidemia or hypertension.     

中老年人24小时动态血压变化的研究

目的探讨血压正常老年患者和老年高血压患者24h动态血压波动规律及与靶器官损害的关系.方法采用无创伤袖带式动态血压监测仪检测36例中年人(对照组),50例血压正常老年患者,60例老年高血压患者的动态血压.结果血压正常老年患者较中年血压正常者24h动态血压呈杓型曲线的比例明显下降.血压正常老年患者,血压昼夜波动曲线与心、脑、肾损害无相关性.老年高血压患者,血压曲线呈非杓型者比例增高,血压昼夜节律消失较节律正常的高血压患者有更显著的靶器官损害.结论对于非高血压患者,随年龄的增加,血压昼夜节律消失者增多,血压曲线变化与心、脑、肾损害无关,可能与原发病有关.对于高血压患者,血压昼夜节律紊乱可作为靶器官损害的预测因子.     

Duplex sonography of renal arteries as a diagnostic tool in hypertensive children

Computed duplex sonography was used to examine the renal arteries in 36 hypertensive children and adolescents (ages 4–17 years) with arterial hypertension of either renal or non-renal origin. Time-averaged flow velocities, maximum blood flow velocities as well as absolute renal blood flow and renal blood flow per gram kidney weight were measured. Normal flow velocities and normal to elevated renal blood flow volume was found in patients with acute glomerulonephritis and those with signs of chronic glomerulonephritis onset. Patients having advanced stages of chronic glomerulonephritis, on the other hand, were characterized by lower levels of all parameters. Unilateral renal artery stenosis was diagnosed correctly in four patients, although one intra-renal artery stenosis escaped imaging. Scarred kidneys exhibited low-normal or reduced flow velocities and renal blood flow volumes corresponded roughly to kidney size and preservation of normal kidney structure. Hypertension in some patients with normal kidneys showed a tendency to cause higher renal blood flow without consistent acceleration of blood flow velocities. We conclude that duplex sonography is a suitable primary diagnostic tool in measuring blood flow velocities and absolute renal blood flow volume in hypertensive children, thus facilitating the choice of the next diagnostic step.     

Reduction of Blood Pressure Retards the Progression of Chronic Renal Failure in Man

The effect of blood pressure reduction on the progression rateof chronic renal failure (CRF) was studied in 28 patients withCRF of diverse aetiology entering a prospective study (observationtime 7–24 months, mean 16 months). Endogenous creatinineclearance was 12–66 ml/mm (mean 30±3 ml/mm). Weaimed to keep the blood pressure below 160/90 mmlHg. Dietaryprotein was not restricted. The progression rate of CRF wasassessed from the regression coefficients of the regressionsof creatinine clearance and the inverse of s-creatinine, respectively,on time. Progression rate and the means of all recordings ofmean arterial blood pressure (MAP) and urinary protein excretion,respectively, in each patient during the prospective phase werecompared with retro spective data from the proceeding period(observation time 4–25 months, mean 19 months). The patientsreceived various combinations of antihypertensive drugs includingdiuretics, beta-blockers and vasodilatory drugs. In 19 patientsMAP decreased from 109±2 to 102±2 mmHg (groupI), whereas MAP increased from 105±2 to l08±2mmHgin nine patients (group II). In group I proteinuria was significantlylower (P<0.05) and the progression of CRF was approximately50% slower (P.<0.01) in the prospective phase than in theretrospective phase; no changes were observed in group II. Calculatedfor all patients, significant correlations were observed betweenthe change in MAP and the change in progression rate and proteinexcretion, respectively. These results indicate that loweringof blood pressure results in decreased proteinuria and retardationof the progression of CRF irrespective of the aetiology.     

乙肝肝硬化门静脉高压性胃病的组织病理学研究

目的 研究乙肝肝硬化门静脉高压性胃病的组织病理学变化。方法取乙肝肝硬化门静脉高压症病人(A组)的全层胃壁进行HE、弹性纤维、网状纤维和胶原纤维染色，观察常规组织病理学、炎性细胞、各型纤维和血管分布的变化，并用同期胃溃疡病人(B组)的全层胃壁作对照。结果两组胃黏膜层的淋巴细胞和浆细胞的分布无差异，但是B组胃黏膜层嗜酸性粒细胞和中性粒细胞的浸润多于A组。A组黏膜层可见散在的毛细血管，其横截面积却远小于B组；A组黏膜下层静脉壁厚薄不一，静脉壁的弹性纤维增多，弹性纤维的连续性较完整，部分静脉腔内有血栓机化或伴微血栓形成；两组黏膜下动静脉横截面积差异无统计学意义。两组胃壁各层胶原纤维和网状纤维面积百分比的比较无差异。结论乙肝肝硬化门静脉高压性胃病主要的组织病理学变化为，胃黏膜内有较多的淋巴细胞和浆细胞浸润，而嗜酸性粒细胞和中性粒细胞极少；胃黏膜和黏膜下血管不扩张，胃黏膜下静脉壁厚薄不一，部分表现为动脉化，部分静脉腔内有血栓机化；胃壁内胶原纤维和网状纤维的含量正常。     

高血压病合并脑梗死的动态血压特点

目的 :观察高血压病合并脑梗死患者的动态血压特点。方法 :对 70例高血压病合并脑梗死患者和 1 0 2例单纯高血压病患者进行 2 4h动态血压监测。结果 :84 %高血压病合并脑梗死患者血压昼夜节律消失 ,而单纯高血压病患者 5 8%消失 (P <0 .0 1 ) ;高血压病合并脑梗死组 85 %出现晨峰 ,而单纯高血压病组 5 5 %出现晨峰 (P <0 .0 1 )。结论 :血压的昼夜变化和晨峰与高血压病合并脑梗死密切相关。高血压病合并脑梗死患者晨峰明显增加 ,昼夜节律消失明显     

不同手术方法对高血压脑出血患者康复的影响

目的：探讨不同手术方法对高血压脑出血患康复影响的临床意义。方法：采用立体定向血肿排空术(34例)和骨瓣开颅术(40例)进行对照研究。结果：2组近期疗效无明显差异，远期疗效立体定向组并发症发生率低，神经功能恢复快，ADL评定优于骨瓣组。结论：微创、减压及超早期手术是高血压脑出血较佳的外科治疗方法。     

卡托普利、双克联合二甲双胍治疗原发性高血压伴胰岛素抵抗的临床观察

目的观察卡托普利、双克联合二甲双胍对原发性高血压伴胰岛素抵抗(IR)患者相关参数的影响。方法90例原发性高血压伴IR患者,随机分为治疗组和对照组。治疗组给予卡托普利、双克加二甲双胍片,对照组单纯用卡托普利、双克,治疗前、后均作口服糖耐量试验、胰岛素释放试验及血压监测。结果两组收缩压与舒张压均下降,治疗组下降更显著。治疗组空腹胰岛素及餐后胰岛素均下降,与对照组相比有显著性差异(P<0.05)。结论卡托普利、双克联合二甲双胍可明显改善IR,更有效降低血压。     

高血压合并阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停的短期血压变异性研究

目的 比较高血压合并阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停患者的短期血压变异性。方法 将155例分为对照组、高血压组、高血压合并轻度或中重度阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停组，EE较患者不同活动状态的短期血压变异性。结果 高血压合并中重度阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停组患者睡眠期间和早晨血压变异系数分别为：收缩压18．69、21．32；舒张压19．41、23．61，明显高于其他各组。结论 夜间睡眠期间和早晨短期血压变异性增加，是高血压合并中重度阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停患者夜间和早晨心血管事件发生率增加的重要危险因素。     

上海市区居民高血压药物治疗概况的横断面调查

本文报告上海市区三个中等生活水平居民区中５４０例３５岁以上高皿压患者药物治疗概况。结果显示，高血压患者中有１３．Ｏ／不知自己有高血压，而已知有高血压者中仅５０％规则服用降压药，其中３０．８％患者的血压得到控制。５４Ｏ例高血压患者总的血压控制率仅为２０％。导致血压控制率低的原因之一是患者服药依从性低。就以上发现的意义作了讨论。