高血压患者室间隔厚度与二尖瓣血流参数关系的探讨

目的 :探讨二尖瓣血流主要参数与室间隔厚度的关系在高血压患者中的临床意义。方法 :用多普勒超声测量 10 2例高血压患者的室间隔厚度及二尖瓣血流主要参数。其均数与国人文献正常参考值相比较 ,并把室间隔厚度分别与二尖瓣血流主要参数作直线相关分析 ,求出相关系数。结果 :室间隔厚度只与心房收缩期峰值流速 (APFV)有显著的正相关 (r =0 47,P <0 0 1) ,而与其余各参数无显著相关 (P >0 0 5 )。结论 :尽管高血压患者室间隔增厚 ,提示左室损害 ,但与左室舒张功能损害不一定有内在联系 ,而可能与年龄偏大有关     

高血压性视网膜病变的视觉电生理改变探讨

目的：探讨高血压性视网膜病变的闪光视网膜电网（FERG）,振荡电位（OPs)改变,方法：比较正常对照组15例30只眼和不同眼底分毋组的原发性高血压病患者,共49例98只眼的FERG,OPs的变化。结果：1．FERG：a波潜伏期：对照组与I级组相比差异无显著性,与Ⅱ,Ⅲ级组相比差异均有显著性;I级组与Ⅱ级组间差异无显著性,但I级与Ⅲ级,Ⅱ级与Ⅲ级组间差异均有显著性;a波振幅：对照组与I级组间差异无显著性,与其他各组间差异均有显著性;各级患者组间差异均有显著性;b波潜伏期,除I级与II级组间差异无显著性外,其余各组间差异均显著;b波振幅;除对照组与I级组间差异无显著性外,其余各组间差异均有显著性,2．OPs潜伏期：对照组各子波与I级组以及OP1,OP4及Ⅱ级组间差异无显著性,与其他各组间差异均有显著性,I级各子波与II级组间差异无显著性,与Ⅲ级组间差异显著,Ⅱ级与Ⅲ级组间差异显著。OPs振幅：对照组OP3与I级组间差异无显著性,其余比较差异均有显著性,除I级与Ⅱ级组间的OP4振幅差异无显著性外,各级患者组间的各子波振幅以及总振幅差异均有显著性。结论：FERG,OPs可作为高血压性视网膜病变及其严重程度的客观定量指标。     

醋柳黄酮对原发性高血压患者交感神经兴奋性的影响

目的　探讨醋柳黄酮对原发性高血压患者交感神经兴奋性的影响。方法　采用随机同期对照方法 ,观察醋柳黄酮治疗前后原发性高血压患者静息及运动后的心率、血压与血浆儿茶酚胺 (去甲肾上腺素 NA,肾上腺素 A)水平的变化 ,并用钙通道阻滞剂硝苯地平和缓释异搏定作对照。醋柳黄酮组 35例 ,硝苯地平组 33例 ,缓释异搏定组 2 0例。结果　醋柳黄酮对原发性高血压患者的静息心率、血浆儿茶酚胺无影响 ,并能明显抑制等长运动引起的心率、血压与血浆儿茶酚胺水平的变化 ;硝苯地平使静息血浆儿茶酚胺水平升高 ,等长运动后升高更明显 ;缓释异搏定对静息儿茶酚胺无影响 ,但等长运动后仍明显升高。结论　醋柳黄酮发挥降压作用时不影响高血压患者的交感活性 ,且对等长运动导致的交感兴奋有抑制作用。提示醋柳黄酮在高血压靶器官损害的防治中可能有益。     

辽宁省居民高血压合并糖尿病患病率及影响因素分析

目的 了解辽宁省居民高血压合并糖尿病患病情况,并探讨其相关危险因素,为制定有针对性的防制策略和措施提供科学依据。方法 采用分层整群随机抽样的方法选取6个区县作为研究现场,对5397名年龄在35~75岁居民进行问卷调查、体格检查及实验室检测。根据高血压和/或糖尿病诊断标准,将调查对象分为非高血压非糖尿病组（28274例）、高血压非糖尿病组（15614例）、糖尿病非高血压组（3450例）及高血压合并糖尿病组（6159例）。应用SPSS 22.0软件进行统计分析,计量资料采用t检验,计数资料采用卡方检验,利用logistic回归模型进行危险因素分析。结果 辽宁省高血压合并糖尿病患病率为11.51%,其中男性患病率10.97%,女性患病率11.99%。多因素分析结果显示,女性（OR=1.371,95%CI=1.277~1.471）、高年龄（45~54岁组:OR=2.207,95%CI=1.987~2.452;55~64岁组:OR=4.388,95%CI=3.960~4.862;65~75岁组:OR=6.194,95%CI=5.553~6.909）、吸烟（OR=1.134,95%CI=1.039~1.238）、饮酒（OR=2.020,95%CI=1.811~2.253）、超重（OR=1.761,95%CI=1.637~1.893）、肥胖（OR=3.580,95%CI=3.290~3.895）、TC偏高（OR=1.433,95%CI=1.261~1.629）、TG偏高（OR=2.048,95%CI=1.905~2.200）、LDL-C偏高（OR=1.424,95%CI=1.226~1.654）、HDL-C偏低（OR=1.166,95%CI=1.081~1.258）均为高血压合并糖尿病患者的危险因素（P<0.01）,高收入（OR=0.746,95%CI=0.672~0.829）为保护性因素（P<0.01）。结论 辽宁省35~75岁居民高血压合并糖尿病患病率较高,应加强对重点人群的干预,提倡健康生活方式,戒烟限酒,降低高血压合并糖尿病的患病风险。     

高血压病100例的血液流变性观察

对１００例高血压病患者行血液流变学检测并与１０４例健康人对比，结果表明：高血压病的血液流变学指标均高于正常人，且症状越重，血液流变学指标就越高。结果提示，高血压病症状的严重程度与血液粘滞度的增高呈平行关系。     

卡维地洛对高血压大鼠主动脉的保护作用

目的 :研究卡维地洛对核因子 κB(NF κB)、单核细胞趋化蛋白 1(MCP 1)在自发性高血压大鼠 (SHR)大血管中表达的影响 ,探讨其对血管保护的机制。方法 :18只雄性 12周龄SHR随机分为阳性组 ,卡维地洛组 ( 30mg/kg·d) ,美托洛尔组 ( 50mg/kg·d) ,灌喂 8周 ;另选同龄雄性WistarKyoto大鼠为阴性组 (n =6 )。用免疫组化法测各组主动脉NF κB、MCP 1的表达 ,ELISA法测血清MCP 1含量。结果 :与阴性组比较 ,阳性组主动脉组织中NF κB、MCP 1表达增加 (P<0 .0 1) ,且两者正相关 (r=0 .72 8,P <0 .0 1) ;血清MCP 1含量升高 1.6 4(P <0 .0 1)。 8周后 ,治疗组之间血压无明显差异 (P >0 .0 5) ,但卡维地洛更显著抑制NF -κB、MCP 1表达 (P <0 .0 5)。结论 :卡维地洛可能独立于降压外抑制NF κB的活化来调控MCP 1表达。     

The effect of yohimbine on sympathetic responsiveness in essential hypertension

Summary We have studied the sympathetic response to blockade of presynaptic ₂-adrenoceptors in essential hypertension by measuring plasma concentrations of noradrenaline after a single oral dose of yohimbine, an ₂-adrenoceptor antagonist.Mean baseline plasma noradrenaline and adrenaline concentrations were similar in the hypertensive and normotensive groups. Yohimbine (0.2 mg×kg^–1 orally) caused a lesser increase in the plasma concentrations of noradrenaline in hypertensive patients (+67%) than in normotensive subjects (+178%) and a pressor response in hypertensive (but not in normotensive) patients.These results are consistent with an alteration in the balance of -adrenoceptors (for example presynaptic ₂-adrenoceptor desensitization and post-synaptic ₁-adrenoceptor hyper-responsiveness) which would help to develop and/or maintain arterial hypertension.     

Antihypertensive effect of once daily sustained release isradipine: a placebo controlled cross-over study

Summary To evaluate the magnitude and duration of the antihypertensive effect of sustained release (SRO) isradipine, 37 uncomplicated essential hypertensive patients (diastolic blood pressure 100–115 mm Hg after a one month run-in on placebo) were randomised to receive, according to a double-blind cross-over design, isradipine SRO 5 mg once daily and the corresponding placebo for 1 month. At the end of each treatment period, sitting blood pressure and heart rate were measured immediately before and every hour for 6 h after the last dose. Thirty-four patients [16 m, age 54 (7) y] completed the study.As compared to randomised placebo, isradipine SRO significantly reduced the systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressure. Absolute DBP decrements versus placebo peaked 6 h after dosing (-8.8 mm Hg) and were not significantly lower (-8.2 mm Hg) at the end of the dose interval. At the same times, the absolute decrements in SBP were -9.8 mm Hg and -9.7 mm Hg, respectively.DBP was normalised in 19 patients (56%) at peak and in 17 (50%) at trough time. The trough to peak efficacy ratio in patients with peak DBP 90 mm Hg was 70%. Heart rate was slightly increased by isradipine SRO. Adverse effects monitored with a check-list occurred in 8/36 patients (22%) on isradipine SRO and in 4/35 (11%) on randomized placebo.The data suggest that isradipine SRO is an effective antihypertensive drug, with a trough to peak efficacy ratio supporting once daily administration in most mild to moderate essential hypertensives.