甲状腺肿瘤X线造影与超声检查对比分析

本文报告了经手术病理证实的53例甲状腺肿瘤,均作了甲状腺造影和B超检查.通过比较分析,我们认为造影对确定肿瘤的良、恶性以及延伸到胸骨后的异位甲状腺肿瘤有其优越性,是一项有效的检查方法;超声则能准确地判断肿瘤的囊、实性,适合碘过敏患者的检查.两种检查各有特点,配合使用有利于对甲状腺肿瘤的诊断和治疗.     

Pulsatility and resistance indices in intrarenal arteries of normal adults

In order to establish the normal range of values of Pulsatility (PI) and Resistance (RI) Indices in the intrarenal vasculature, a study of 50 healthy volunteers (23 males, 27 females), divided into five groups of 10 according to age, was performed with Duplex Doppler ultrasound. Both kidneys were examined in all individuals and, in 12, indices were also compared between upper and lower poles of both kidneys. In addition, repeat examinations were performed in nine subjects on three different days, in order to assess the reproducibility of the method. No differences were found in the mean values of both indices between males and females, upper and lower poles, right and left kidneys. A statistically significant increase (p < 0.01, unpaired t-test) was demonstrated when the oldest age group (7th decade) was compared to the youngest age group (3rd decade). The method appeared remarkably reproducible for RI (4.2–7%), with wider variation in the PI (9.5–22.7%).     

肿胀法外超声吸脂术的组织学研究

目的 观察外超声能量作用于活体组织后的组织学变化，以探索其作用机制。方法 对3只家猪腹部两侧进行外超声与非超声比较，作用不同时间后在光镜和电镜下观察其皮肤组织全层的变化。结果 在外超声作用18min内，随着作用时间的延长，猪的皮下脂肪组织和生物大分子结构的破坏程度不断加重，脂肪组织中产生的空泡不断增大而皮肤组织及血管无明显变化。结论 外超声吸脂术可通过稳定的空泡效应选择性地使脂肪细胞结构发生不可逆的坏死性改变，这一改变与作用时间成正比。     

三维超声技术及其在肝癌诊治中的应用

介绍三维超声成像技术的原理,讨论三维超声在肝癌的诊断性应用及在肝脏手术和介入中的治疗性应用。     

聚焦超声治疗慢性宫颈炎500例临床分析

目的 探讨聚焦超声治疗宫颈炎的临床疗效.方法 收治慢性宫颈炎700例,分为聚焦超声治疗组(超生治疗组)500例,微波治疗对照组200例.观察其临床症状、体征及疗效.结果 超声治疗组中、重度宫颈炎的疗效明显高于微波对照组,差异有显著意义(P＜0.05);两种方法治疗后,宫颈修复过程中阴道排液、出血等并发症的发生率,超声治疗组明显低于微波对照组,差异有显著意义(P＜0.05).结论 聚焦超声治疗宫颈炎疗效确切,副作用及并发症少,是目前治疗宫颈炎的一种有效方法.     

经腹超声及术中超声在胰腺结石诊断、治疗中的应用

目的:探讨经腹超声及术中超声在胰腺结石诊断、治疗中的价值。材料和方法:对25例胰腺结石患者行经腹和术中超声检查。经腹超声主要观察胰管扩张程度,胰腺结石大小、位置,是否合并胆囊及胆道结石、胰腺假性囊肿等。术中超声观察是否有结石残留。结果:经腹超声显示25例患者主胰管扩张,胰腺实质增粗、增强。结石位于头部9例,位于全胰腺16例,伴有胆道梗阻征象13例,其中合并胆囊及胆道结石8例,并发胰腺假性囊肿3例,合并胰腺癌2例;术中超声形式显示6例未见残留结石,19例有残留结石,手术取出残留结石24枚。结论:经腹超声诊断主胰腺管结石敏感性较高,术中超声在判断残留结石及鉴别胰小管结石与胰腺实质钙化灶方面具有重要价值。     

The effect of central corneal thickness on estimates of the anterior chamber depth

Background: The slitlamp can be used to estimate the anterior chamber depth (ACD). The length of a slit object is increased until the corneal and iris/lens images appear to just touch. Multiplying the just‐touching‐slit‐length (JTSL) by a conversion factor gives an estimate of the ACD as measured by ultrasonography. The purpose of this study was to determine if central corneal thickness (CCT) affects the accuracy of this technique. Methods: The ACD of 50 subjects was measured by A‐scan ultrasonography and estimated by the slitlamp technique. CCT was measured by ultrasonic pachometry. The refractive error was determined subjectively. Results: The average ultrasonographic ACD for all subjects was 3.32 ± 0.65 mm. The average JTSL was 2.46 ± 0.38 mm. The conversion ratio between the ultrasonographic ACD and the average JTSL was 1.35. The predicted ACD using the regression equation of JTSL on the ultrasound anterior chamber depth (USACD) was 3.32 ± 0.54 mm. The corresponding value using the regression equation of JTSL and CCT on USACD was exactly the same, that is, 3.32 ± 0.54 mm. Conclusion: Incorporation of CCT into a regression equation does not improve the accuracy of the Smith technique.     

STANDARD IMAGING TECHNIQUES OF ENDOSCOPIC ULTRASOUND‐GUIDED FINE‐NEEDLE ASPIRATION USING A CURVED LINEAR ARRAY ECHOENDOSCOPE

Standard imaging techniques using a curved linear array echoendocope are summarized to facilitate the attainment of expertise in endoscopic ultrasonography and endoscopic ultrasound‐guided fine needle aspiration, and to promote the widespread use of this diagnostic and therapeutic tool. Typical images of the mediastinal organs, the bilio‐pancreatic systems and neighboring organs by scanning from the esophagus, stomach, duodenal bulb, and descending portion of the duodenum, are shown in a sequential manner. The basic techniques of endoscopic ultrasound‐guided fine needle aspiration are also presented.     

NEWLY DEVELOPED ULTRASOUND ENDOSCOPE WITH AN ELECTRONIC RADIAL ARRAY TRANSDUCER

A prototype electronic radial scan ultrasound endoscope has been developed by Olympus (Tokyo, Japan) for endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) study. The ultrasound view‐angle of this model is 360° vertical to the scope. Though the diameter of the scanner and the shaft of the scope is bigger than those of the present mechanical radial scan model, clinical manipulation of the new scope is the same as that of the present model. Image quality of the ultrasound picture demonstrated by the electronic radial model was as clear as those provided by the mechanical radial scan model. Ultrasound penetration was better and satisfactory because of less echoic reduction compared to the mechanical radial model. The newly developed electronic radial model can be evaluated as an ultrasound endoscope for the next generation. The advantage of this system is to facilitate the clinical use of color Doppler function and tissue harmonic imaging, and this system can be operated by the same monitor unit as a convex model of ultrasound endoscope.     

Ultrasound for the assessment of the embolic risk of carotid plaques

In a prospective study we compared duplex-ultrasound characteristics of symptomatic internal carotid artery (ICA) stenoses with cranial computerized tomographic (CCT) findings in 82 patients suffering from completed or transient middle cerebral artery symptoms. The aim was to assess the pathogenic role of ICA plaque morphology and the potential embolic risk of ICA plaques. The degree of carotid stenosis was estimated by spectral analysis of the pulsed Doppler signal. The CCT findings were classified as being either normal, lacunar lesions, hemodynamically induced low-perfusion infarctions, or territorial embolic infarctions. According to their ultrasonic features we characterized the ICA plaque surface as smooth or irregular and their structure as homogeneous or heterogeneous. Plaques with an irregular surface and heterogeneous echogenicity dominated significantly in CCT-territorial infarctions (p < 0.01), whereas hemodynamically induced low-perfusion infarctions showed no relationship with any plaque characteristic. High degree ICA stenoses (> 50>%) dominated in both territorial infarctions and low-perfusion infarctions, as compared to ipsilateral normal CCT or lacunes (p < 0.05). Normal CCT and lacunar infarctions were associated with homogeneous and smooth plaques (both p < 0.05). We conclude that > 50% ICA stenoses can cause both hemodynamically induced low-perfusion infarctions as well as thromboembolic territorial infarctions, whereas ulcerated and heterogeneous plaques constitute a high risk factor for arterio-arterial embolic stroke. Furthermore, carotid ultrasound may help to estimate the clinical significance of carotid lesions.