应用超声影像技术预测胎儿体重的综述

随着超声影像技术的发展,超声检查成为预测胎儿体重的重要手段。国内外学者用多元回归的方法提出了许多图表和公式。人工神经网络是以神经的结构和生理为基础模拟人类思维的计算机人工智能技术。对复杂的、非线性信息处理有其独特的优势。在预测胎儿体重这一领域,人工神经网络的方法比传统的回归分析法有着更大的优势。     

低强度脉冲式超声波机械力生物链内源性干细胞激活与功能修复的研究进展

近年来,以低强度脉冲式超声波(LIPUS)为代表的机械力治疗手段已被广泛用于康复医学、骨折修复、神经损伤修复、泌尿系统疾病等领域.目前研究表明,LIPUS可能通过激活内源性干细胞参与组织修复,但是机械力如何通过生物链的转化而激活干细胞的具体机制尚不明确,因此对机械力生物链传导过程的进一步探索有助于揭示LIPUS的作用机...     

超声在流行性腮腺炎临床诊断中的研究进展

腮腺炎病毒传染会导致流行性腮腺炎爆发,属于一种急性的呼吸道疾病。临床症状主要表现为腮腺肿大、疼痛以及发烧,该病传染性极强,多见于儿童中流行爆发,而且该病一年四季都可以发病。本病在传播过程中,主要通过飞沫进行传播,在未经治疗的情况下该病在一周左右会自行消退,由于流行性腮腺炎是由病毒引起,目前并没有治疗该病的特效药物,只能依靠患者自身的免疫力。而儿童和青少年免疫系统正处在发育的过程中,如果不及时进行治疗,将会引发严重的并发症,只有尽早诊断和治疗,才能避免不良预后和大范围流行。     

颈动脉粥样硬化病变在不同年龄段冠心病患者中的特点分析

目的:探讨冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病(冠心病)患者超声检测的颈动脉粥样硬化病变过程和年龄增长的关系.方法:根据年龄将116名冠心病患者分为5组:＜45岁为第1组,45～54岁为第2组,55～64岁为第3组,65～74岁为第4组,＞74岁为第5组,用高分辨率超声检测所有冠心病患者和11名正常对照者的颈动脉内径、IMT、斑块及其数量,计算动脉半径和IMT的比值(R/IMT).对不同年龄段冠心病患者及正常对照者的检测值进行比较.结果:除R/IMT外,冠心病患者颈动脉粥样硬化病变各指标与年龄呈直线相关,但相关程度均不高,其中IMT与年龄的相关程度明显低于无冠心病及主要危险因素者.IMT和斑块发生率呈线性相关(r=0.316).斑块发生率、斑块数、IMT和颈动脉内径在不同年龄段冠心病患者间差异显著,但R/IMT的差异仅有临界性统计学意义,两两比较结果:斑块发生率在第4组和1、2组间有显著差异,P值分别小于0.05和0.01;斑块数在1组和4、5组间有显著差异,P＜0.05,在2组和4、5组间也有显著差异,P＜0.01;IMT在1组和4、5组及2组和5组间均有显著差异,P＜0.05;颈动脉内径在4组和1、2、3组间均有显 著差异,P＜0.01;R/IMT仅在2组和5组间有显著差异,P＜0.05.结论:(1)冠心病患者超声检测的颈动脉粥样硬化病变与年龄增长有显著的相关性,但年龄增长的生理性影响较弱.(2)65岁左右颈动脉自身代偿能力可能达到最大.     

低强度脉冲超声对兔下颌骨骨折愈合中OPG/OPGL及COX-2表达的影响

目的通过观察低强度脉冲超声(low intensity pulsed ultrasound,LIPUS)治疗新西兰大白兔下颌骨骨折后骨保护素(osteoprotegerin,OPG)、骨保护素配体(osteoprotegerin ligand,OPGL)、环氧合酶-2(cyclooxygenase-2,COX-2)蛋白及mRNA的动态变化,探讨LIPUS促进骨折愈合的作用机制。结论健康雄性新西兰大白兔84只,随机分为对照组(42只)和实验组(42只),建立下颌骨骨折模型,用LIPUS治疗,分别于术后1、3、14、21、28、56d各取相同例数动物(n=6)处死取样。采用免疫组织化学、RT-PCR技术检测OPG、OPGL、COX-2蛋白及mRNA动态变化。结果 LIPUS治疗兔下颌骨骨折后,OPG、OPGL、COX-2蛋白浓度和mRNA及OPGL/OPG比值在不同时间点均有不同程度上调(P<0.05),但各指标上调幅度最大(P<0.01)的时间点不同,且上调幅度无相关性,只有OPG的上调幅度与OPGL比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 LIPUS能促进兔下颌骨骨折部位OPG、OPGL、COX-2的表达,从而促进骨折愈合。     

肺周围肿物的超声引导下穿刺诊断

目的:探讨超声引导下经皮肺穿刺诊断肺周围肿物的应用价值。方法:对87例肺周围肿物患者进行B超引导下经皮穿刺术,并做病理及细胞学诊断。结果:本方法对肺围围肿物的诊断正确率为67.8%,其中对肺癌以及肺结核的诊断正确率达到89.4%和84.3%。结论:超声引导下的穿刺活检是肺周围肿物鉴别诊断的重要方法。     

产前超声对胎儿肠管扩张的诊断价值

目的：探讨产前超声诊断胎儿肠管扩张的诊断价值.方法：对120例产前超声检查发现胎儿肠管扩张病例进行回顾性分析.结果：（1）在120例肠管扩张的胎儿中,46.7％出生后排便正常,53.3％发生不良妊娠结局.（2）胎儿肠管扩张发生部位越高,预后越差.（3）十二指肠扩张通常伴有羊水增多,而小肠扩张与结肠扩张多不伴有羊水增多.结论：胎儿肠管扩张可导致不良围产期结果,且妊娠结局与肠管扩张发生的部位有关.     

B超指示下产前纠正臀方位

1989年1月～1990年6月选择孕31～34周臀位妊娠,膝胸卧位矫正无效者100例,按Ballas臂位分型在B超引导下矫正胎位,其中Ⅰ、Ⅱ型97例矫正成功95例。Ⅲ、Ⅳ型3例全部矫正成功,总成功率98％。1989年1～6月臀位剖宫术分娩率4.048％,7～12月下降至1.167％(P<0.01)。1990年1～6月少数臀位进行纠正,臀位剖宫产率又上升为3.518％,说明B超指示下矫正臀方位可降低剖宫产率。     

Endovascular Stent Placement for Cervical Internal Carotid Artery Aneurysm Causing Cerebral Embolism: Usefulness of Neuroradiological Evaluation

Summary  We present a case of a cervical internal carotid artery aneurysm that caused cerebral embolism. This lesion was supposed to be a dissecting aneurysm due to blunt neck injury. The large aneurysm with intramural thrombus was treated with endovascular placement of a balloon-expandable stent. Both CT and MRI were useful for evaluating the size and characteristics of the aneurysmal wall. Intravascular ultrasound imaging was also useful for evaluation of the satisfactory stent deployment and identification of the neck of the aneurysm. We disscuss effectiveness of endovascular stenting for cervical internal carotid artery aneurysm with intramural thrombus and the usefulness of a combination of the neuroradiological imaging before, during and after the interventional procedure.     

Adhesive Joints of Additively Manufactured Adherends: Ultrasonic Evaluation of Adhesion Strength

Adhesive joints are widely used in the construction of machines and motor vehicles. Manufacturers replace them with the welding and spot-welding methods due to the lack of damage to the material structure in the joint area. Moreover, it is aimed at reducing the weight of vehicles and producing elements with complex shapes. Therefore, additive manufacturing technology has been increasingly used in the production stage. This fact has not only changed the view on the possibilities of further development of the production technology itself, but it has also caused an intense interest among a greater number of companies in the advantages of structural optimization. There is a natural relationship between these two areas in the design and production, allowing for almost unlimited possibilities of designing new products. The main goal of the research described in this article was to determine the correlation between the strength of the adhesive joint of elements produced using additive technology and the parameters of the ultrasonic wave propagating in the area of the adhesive bond. The tests were carried out on samples made of AlSiMg0.6 material and a structural adhesive. Strength tests were performed to determine the shear force which damaged the joint. Furthermore, an ultrasonic echo technique enabling the determination of a nondestructive measure of the quality and strength of the joint was developed. The samples of the adhesive joints had a strength of about 18.75–28.95 MPa, which corresponded to an ultrasonic measure range of 4.6–7.8 dB. The determined regression relationship had a coefficient of determination at the level of 0.94. Additional ultrasonic tests of materials made with the additive technology confirmed its different acoustic properties in relation to aluminum produced with the standard casting or extrusion process. Designated dependence combining the mechanical strength and the decibel difference between the first and second impulses from the bottom of the joint may constitute the basis for the development of a nondestructive technique for testing the strength of adhesive joints.