Aluminum Perlite Syntactic Foams

This paper presents the usage of spark plasma sintering (SPS) as a method to obtain aluminum-expanded perlite syntactic foams with high porosity. In the test samples, fine aluminum powder with flaky shape particles was used as matrix material and natural, inorganic, granular, expanded perlite was used as a space holder to ensure high porosity (35–57%) and uniform structure. SPS was used to consolidate the specimens. The structures were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and compression tests. Energy absorption (W~7.49 MJ/m³) and energy absorption efficiency (EW < 90%) were also determined.     

不明原因感音神经性聋患者红细胞免疫功能检测

为探讨不明原因感音神经性聋患者红细胞免疫功能，采用酵母菌花环试验对５０例不明原因感音神经性聋患者红细胞免疫功能进行检测，并与正常组进行比较，结果显示：不明原因感音神经性聋患者红细胞Ｇ３ｂ受体（ＲＢＣ－Ｃ３ｂＲ）花环率降低，红细胞免疫复合物（ＲＢＣ－ＩＣ）花环率升高，且皆与正常组有显著性差异，提示不明原因的感音神经性聋患者有继发性红细胞免疫功能低下，可能与红细胞免疫调节功能紊乱有关。     

大前庭水管综合征患者误诊与漏诊原因分析

目的 了解大前庭水管综合征(large vestibular aqueduct syndrome,LVAS)患者的临床特征,分析造成误诊和漏诊的原因.方法 观察19例被误诊或漏诊的LVAS患者,详细了解诊治经历,行纯音测听、声导抗测听及脑干诱发电位等听功能检查,所有患者均行颞骨高分辨CT检查.结果 19例患者确诊年龄为...     

乌鲁木齐地区线粒体12SrRNA基因突变筛查分析

目的　研究乌鲁木齐地区非综合征性聋患者线粒体12S rRNA基因突变情况。方法　收集乌鲁木齐非综合征性聋患者标本609例,对其进行临床和分子遗传学评估。结果　12S rRNA基因突变分析共发现11个突变位点,已知的A1555G、961DelT、C1494T突变分别占2.96%,1.15%,0.16%。另外A1047G突变相关报道较少,A1585G突变未见相关报道。其他突变均为多态性位点。结论　线粒体12S rRNA突变是引起遗传性聋的重要因素,此次乌鲁木齐地区线粒体12S rRNA A1555G突变在聋病人群中的检出率与前期报道相比有所降低,可能与耳毒性药物使用量降低有关。A1047G与新发现的A1585G突变是否与聋相关,还需进一步研究。对筛查中阳性突变携带者及其母系家庭成员需告知氨基糖苷类抗生素使用风险,使其避免使用,逐步降低药物性聋的发生率。     

Characteristics of normal newborn transient-evoked otoacoustic emissions: Ear asymmetries and sex effects

Transient-evoked otoacoustic emissions (TEOAEs) were recorded from more than 30000 newborns over a six year period. Analysis was performed on all the TEOAEs that passed the bedside universal hearing screen (n=60431), in order to characterize the normal properties of neonatal TEOAEs and to study ear and sex effects. Short recording times (median=33 s) were observed in combination with high entire TEOAE level (median=18.8 dB SPL for an 81.8 dB SPL peak stimulus), and high reproducibility (median=86%). Signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) of the TEOAE was highly frequency-dependent, being poorer at low frequencies. Prolonged averaging increased median reproducibility to 97%, but the minor S/N-improvement at low frequencies did not justify the longer test time. Highly significant mean lateral asymmetries (right >left) and sex differences (female >male) existed in entire TEOAE level, S/N TEOAE, and in half-octave frequency bands (700–4000 Hz). Mean lateral and sex entire TEOAE level differences were 1.1 dB and 1.3 dB, respectively. Stimulus levels were not affected by ear or sex. Hence, physiological differences at the level of organ of Corti were demonstrated in newborns.     

江苏省≥10岁人群的眩晕流行病学调查研究

目的调查江苏省人群中眩晕的分布情况及相关因素，为制订防治策略提供科学依据。方法采用按容量比例概率抽样（PPS）方法，在江苏省常住人口中抽样，对其中≥10岁的6854人进行眩晕问卷调查、纯音测听和耳科检查。结果本研究实际接受调查6333人，应答率92．4％，男3035人（47．9％），女3298人（52．1％），年龄10～93岁。被调查人群中眩晕的总体患病率为4．1％（标化患病率：全国3．4％，江苏3．6％），眩晕患病率随年龄增加呈上升趋势（P=0．000）。女性眩晕患病率（5．3％）高于男性（2．8％）（P=0．000），城乡之间差异无显著性（农村4．3％。城镇3．8％．P=0．459）。听力减退、中耳炎病史、噪声暴露史是眩晕的危险因素，OR值分别为2．186、2．135、1．609。结论眩晕在江苏省人群中较为常见，其发生与多种因素有关，必须加强这些方面的防治研究。     

鼓室成形术中电钻及吸引噪声的安全性评估

目的 :探讨耳显微外科手术中电钻及吸引的噪声 ,对术耳和非术耳的耳蜗功能所产生的影响。方法 :采用ND10型声级计 ,对鼓室成形术中不同规格和不同种类的钻头及吸引所产生的噪声进行检测 ,并分别比较术耳术前和术后 1个月的纯音骨导阈值以及非术耳术前和术后 1个月的骨导阈值。结果 :术中电钻钻头与吸引所致噪声强度分别为 82～ 10 6dB(A)和 71～ 84dB(A) ,术前与术后 1个月左右双耳纯音骨导阈值变化差异无统计学意义 (P >0 .0 5 )。结论 :鼓室成形术中电钻及吸引器的使用是安全的 ,对双侧耳蜗功能无明显不良影响     

从老人院听力调查情况看老人听力康复的重要性

目的通过对南宁市社会福利院的老人进行听力调查，了解老年人听力残疾发生率及残疾程度。方法在本底噪声≤40dB（A）的安静房间内，用Pc—RB便携式听力计，对老人双耳进行纯音测听，取0．5、1、2、4kHz4个频率的平均值作为评定听功能的指标。结果按第二次全国残疾人抽样调查所定听力残疾等级标准进行评定，52例老人中有听力残疾的人数为42例，占80．77％，其中一级听力残疾3例，占5．77％；二级听力残疾3例，占5．77％；三级听力残疾19例，占36．54％；四级听力残疾17例，占32．69％。在听力残疾的42例中，男26例，女16例；听力相对较好者10例，男3例，女7例。结论社会福利院60岁以上的老人相对集中，听力残疾发生率较高，这是老年性聋发生的一个缩影，应引起全社会对老年人的听力保护和康复的重视；老年听力残疾人中男性比女性多，而未定等级的10例中，女性又较男性多，这又为研究老年性聋发生机理，特别是易感基因或长寿基因的研究提供了流行病学调查的依据。     

The effect of tightened hearing protection regulations on military noise-induced tinnitus

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of tightened hearing protection regulations on tinnitus in the Finnish Defence Forces. The initial study group comprised 252 officers and non-commissioned officers (NCOs), of which 229 were included in the final study group. Subjective symptoms of tinnitus and audiometric test results for these officers and NCOs examined before retirement, from 1984 to 1986 (Period I), and 2003 to 2005 (Period II), were reviewed. Changes in tinnitus reports between the two time periods, during which regulations had been revised, were investigated. Prevalence of tinnitus showed a decline both in officers (from 68% to 63%) and in NCOs (from 76% to 72%) between the two study periods, in accordance with tightened hearing protection regulations. The Cox regression analysis showed a significantly decreased hazard ratio for constant or disturbing tinnitus for Period II. Tinnitus prevalence, especially constant or disturbing tinnitus, in the Finnish Defence Forces was diminished by tightened hearing protection regulations. Tinnitus might be more persistent than hearing loss and does not necessarily improve in direct relation to hearing loss after protective measures.     

中国0～17岁听力残疾儿童抽样调查分析

目的了解我国0～17岁聋儿现状,为聋儿听力残疾的防治及康复对策提供依据。方法采用统计描述和统计推理等方法对第二次全国残疾人抽样调查数据进行分析。结果0～17岁儿童听力残疾的现患率为1.80‰。听力残疾儿童接受义务教育率城市高于农村（χ^2=4.008,P〈0.05）。单纯听力残疾儿童的患病率农村高于城市（χ^2=24.250,P〈0.05）。0～17岁这一年龄段儿童听力残疾的主要病因构成为原因不明（29.42%）、遗传（17.32%）、中耳炎（14.19%）和药物中毒（13.23%）。52%的聋儿未曾接受任何康复服务。最主要的康复需求是医疗服务与救助和辅助器具。结论儿童听力残疾的防治和康复应强化政府主导、统筹规划;建立完善的社会保障体系和残疾人保障制度;加大科研投入,加强专业队伍建设;健全听力残疾预防和听力残疾康复服务网络;普及爱耳护耳知识,提高全民听力健康意识。