Biliary complications of arterial chemoembolization of hepatocellular carcinoma

Rationale and backgroundTransarterial chemoembolization (TACE) is the most frequently used palliative therapy for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). It is a safe and effective procedure with few major and minor complications. Rarely, biliary complications are also encountered following TACE. The goal of our study was to investigate the incidence and the presentation of biliary complications following TACE in patients with HCC.Material and methodsIn this retrospective study, data of patients with HCC who underwent TACE between June 2002 to December 2014 were obtained from the records. Their detailed information about the procedure of TACE, diagnosis of biliary complications and subsequent management details were reviewed.ResultOne hundred and sixty-eight patients with HCC underwent 305 procedures of TACE. Of these, biliary complications of various severities developed in 6 (3.6%) patients leading to an incidence of 1.9% (6/305). Minimal intrahepatic biliary dilatation (IHBD) occurred in three, biliary stricture in one and intrahepatic biloma in two patients. Supportive management was undertaken for IHBD patients while percutaneous aspiration and naso-biliary drainage was performed for the infected bilomas.ConclusionBiliary complications following TACE are infrequent. Diagnosis should be suspected clinically and confirmed with imaging. Treatment depends on the severity. Enforcing specific measures can minimize its frequency.     

Systematic review of outcomes and meta-analysis of risk factors for prognosis after liver resection for hepatocellular carcinoma without cirrhosis

Long-term overall survival (OS) after liver resection for non-cirrhotic hepatocellular carcinoma (NCHCC) has been reported recently. The aim of this study was to review outcomes systematically and analyze risk factors for survival after surgical resection for HCC without cirrhosis. A literature search was performed of the PubMed and Embase databases for papers published between January 1995 and October 2012, which focused on hepatic resection for HCC without underlying cirrhosis. Cochrane systematic review methodology was used for this review. Outcomes were OS, operative mortality and disease-free survival (DFS). Pooled hazard ratios (HR) were calculated using the random effects model for parameters considered as potential prognostic factors. Totally, 26 retrospective case series were eligible for inclusion. The 1-, 3- and 5-year OS rate after surgical resection of NCHCC ranged from 62% to 100%, 46.3%–78.0%, and 30%–64%, respectively. The corresponding DFS rates ranged from 48.7% to 84%, 31.0%–66.0%, and 24.0%–58.0%, respectively. Five variables were related to poor survival: multiple tumors (HR 1.68, 95%CI 1.25–2.11); larger tumor size (HR 2.66, 95%CI 1.69–3.63); non-clear resection margin (R0 resection) (HR 3.52, 95%CI 1.63–5.42); poor tumor stage (HR 2.61, 95%CI 1.64–3.58); and invasion of the lymphatic vessels (HR 4.85, 95%CI 2.67–7.02). In sum, hepatic resection provides excellent OS rates for patients with NCHCC, and results have tended to improve recently. Risk factors for poor prognosis comprise multiple tumors, lager tumor size, non-R0 resection and invasion of the lymphatic vessels.     

原发性肝癌患者外周血GPC-3mRNA的表达与微转移的关系

目的探讨原发性肝细胞癌（HCC）患者外周血的Glypican-3（GPC-3）mRNA检测用于诊断HCC早期微转移的可行性。方法采用巢式逆转录聚合酶链反应（RT-PCR）技术检测39例原发性肝细胞癌（HCC）、19例肝炎和肝硬化、10例转移性肝癌、10例肝血管瘤患者、19例健康献血员外周血GPC-3mRNA水平。结果HCC患者外周血中，GPC-3mRNA的检出率为62％（24／39），GPC-3mRNA的检出率与肿瘤直径77％（17／22）、癌结节数目67％（19／24）、临床TNM分期76％（19／25）、门静脉癌栓90％（9／10）、远处转移100％（6／6）等临床参数密切相关。GPC-3mRNA在转移性肝癌、肝炎和肝硬化、肝血管瘤患者及健康献血员外周血中均未检出。结论巢式RT—PCR检测HCC患者外周血单核细胞GPC-3mRNA是一种早期发现原发性肝细胞癌血道播散的可靠而又敏感的实验方法。     

Mutation profile and its correlation with clinicopathology in Chinese hepatocellular carcinoma patients

BackgroundHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common causes of cancer worldwide. Although many studies have focused on oncogene characteristics, the genomic landscape of Chinese HCC patients has not been fully clarified.MethodsA total of 165 HCC patients, including 146 males and 19 females, were enrolled. The median age was 55 years (range, 27–78 years). Corresponding clinical and pathological information was collected for further analysis. A total of 168 tumor tissues from these patients were selected for next-generation sequencing (NGS)-based 450 panel gene sequencing. Genomic alterations including single nucleotide variations (SNV), short and long insertions and deletions (InDels), copy number variations, and gene rearrangements were analyzed. Tumor mutational burden (TMB) was measured by an algorithm developed in-house. The top quartile of HCC was classified as TMB high.ResultsA total of 1,004 genomic alterations were detected from 258 genes in 168 HCC tissues. TMB values were identified in 160 HCC specimens, with a median TMB of 5.4 Muts/Mb (range, 0–28.4 Muts/Mb) and a 75% TMB of 7.7 Muts/Mb. The most commonly mutated genes were TP53, TERT, CTNNB1, AXIN1, RB1, TSC2, CCND1, ARID1A, and FGF19. SNV was the most common mutation type and C:G>T:A and guanine transformation were the most common SNVs. Compared to wild-type patients, the proportion of Edmondson grade III–IV and microvascular invasion was significantly higher in TP53 mutated patients (P<0.05). The proportion of tumors invading the hepatic capsule was significantly higher in TERT mutated patients (P<0.05). The proportion of Edmondson grade I-II, alpha fetoprotein (AFP) <25 µmg/L, and those without a history of hepatitis B was significantly higher in CTNNB1 mutated patients (P<0.05). CTNNB1 mutations were associated with TMB high in HCC patients (P<0.05). Based on correlation analysis, the mutation of TP53 was independently correlated with microvascular invasion (P=0.002, OR =3.096) and Edmondson grade III–IV (P=0.008, OR =2.613). The mutation of TERT was independently correlated with tumor invasion of the liver capsule (P=0.001, OR =3.030), and the mutation of CTNNB1 was independently correlated with AFP (<25 µmg/L) (P=0.009, OR =3.414).ConclusionsThe most frequently mutated genes of HCC patients in China were TP53, TERT, and CTNNB1, which mainly lead to the occurrence and development of HCC by regulating the P53 pathway, Wnt pathway, and telomere repair pathway. There were more patients with microvascular invasion and Edmondson III–IV grade in TP53 mutated patients and more patients with hepatic capsule invasion in TERT mutated patients, while in CTNNB1 mutated patients, there were more patients with Edmondson I–II grade, AFP <25 µmg/L, and a non-hepatitis B background. Also, the TMB values were significantly higher in CTNNB1 mutated patients than in wild type patients.     

立体定向放射消融治疗肝胰肿瘤的临床应用进展

立体定向放射消融（SABR）是一种对肿瘤靶区采用单次或几次大剂量的精确照射,使肿瘤靶区形成放射性毁损,而靶区外正常组织受照剂量很小的治疗手段。目前该技术治疗不能手术的原发性肝细胞癌、早期非小细胞肺癌等取得了较好的疗效,并越来越多地被应用于腹部肿瘤临床。本文就立体定向放射消融在肝胰肿瘤的临床应用及其在放射物理生物学方面的进展做一综述。     

STAT1过表达慢病毒载体的构建及其在MHCC97L细胞中的表达

目的：构建STAT1基因过表达慢病毒载体并实现其在人肝癌细胞MHCC97L中的表达。方法：根据人STAT1基因mRNA序列,全基因合成STAT1基因,构建至过表达载体并转化至感受态细胞DH5OC,进行测序验证。在脂质体介导下转染293T细胞,包装生产慢病毒。慢病毒载体转染人肝癌细胞MHCC97L,用荧光定量PCR和Westernblot检测原始细胞株（MHCC97L）,稳转细胞株（MHCC97－statl）中STAT1的表达情况,确定STAT1过表达的有效性。结果：测序证实STAT1基因过表达载体构建成功。过表达慢病毒包装成功。慢病毒转染人肝癌细胞MHCC97L48h后,STAT1基因在mRNA水平和蛋白质水平上表达显著增加。结论：STAT1基因过表达慢病毒载体构建成功,并实现其在人肝癌细胞MHCC97L中的表达。     

The benefit of curative liver resection with a selective bile duct preserving approach for hepatocellular carcinoma with macroscopic bile duct tumor thrombus

BackgroundHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) presenting with macroscopic bile duct tumor thrombus (BDTT) is an uncommon event. The role of a curative hepatic resection and associated long-term outcomes remain controversial. In addition the necessity for bile duct resection is still unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate outcomes of hepatectomy with a selective bile duct preservation approach for HCC with BDTT in comparison to outcomes without BDTT.MethodsA total of 22 HCC with BDTT patients who had undergone curative hepatic resection with a selective bile duct preservation approach at our institute were retrospectively reviewed. These were compared to group of 145 HCC without BDTT patients. The impact of curative surgical resection and BDTT on clinical outcomes and survival after surgical resection were analyzed.ResultsAll HCC with BDTT cases underwent major hepatectomy vs. 32.4% in the comparative group. Bile duct preservation rate was 56.5%. The 1-, 3- and 5-year survival rates of HCC with BDTT patients in comparison to the HCC without BDTT group were 81.8%, 52.8% and 52.8% vs. 73.6%, 55.6% and 40.7% (P=0.804) respectively. Positive resection margin, tumor size ≥5 cm and AFP ≥200 IU/mL were significant risk factors regarding overall survival. However, it is unclear whether presence of a bile duct tumor thrombus has an adverse impact on either recurrence free survival or overall survival.ConclusionsBile duct obstruction from tumor thrombus did not necessarily indicate an advanced form of disease. Tumor size and AFP had greater impact on long-term outcomes than bile duct tumor thrombus. Major liver resection with a selective bile duct preserving approach in HCC with BDTT can achieve favorable outcomes comparable to those of HCC without BDTT in selected patients.     

肝癌组织LncRNA TINCR表达水平对术后长期生存的影响

目的 探讨肝癌组织中LncRNA TINCR 表达水平对术后长期生存的影响。方法 回顾性分析2013 年4 月～2016 年2 月间在本院接受手术治疗的157 例肝细胞肝癌患者的临床资料。RT-PCR 法检测肝癌标本内LncRNA TINCR 表达水平,采用ROC 曲线和Kaplan-Meier 法分析LncRNA TINCR 表达水平对肝癌术后长期生存的影响。结果 肝癌组织LncRNA TINCR 表达水平对术后长期生存预测的曲线下面积（AUC）为0.812,特异度为73.77%,灵敏度为79.17%,最佳判读值为1.89（P＜0.0001）。根据ROC 曲线分析结果,将肝癌组织LncRNA TINCR 相对表达水平大于1.89 的93 例（59.24%）患者纳入高表达组,而肝癌组织LncRNA TINCR 相对表达水平小于或等于1.89的64 例（40.76%）患者纳入低表达组。Kaplan－Meier 法生存分析发现高表达组术后3 年内有76 例患者死亡,3 年总生存率为18.28%（17/93）;低表达组术后3 年内有20 例患者死亡,3 年总生存率为68.75%（44/64）,低表达组3 年总生存率明显优于高表达组（P＜0.0001,两组间死亡风险比为3.7534,95%可信区间为2.5158～5.6000）。结论 肝癌组织LncRNA TINCR 表达水平与肝癌术后长期生存显著相关,LncRNA TINCR 表达水平升高则预示着预后不佳。     

自然杀伤细胞抗肝癌的研究新进展

肝癌是最常见的恶性肿瘤之一,预后差,复发率高。免疫治疗已成为继手术、放疗、化疗后的第四种治疗模式,其中自然杀伤细胞可以在细胞、分子及基因水平抑制肿瘤转移及复发,在肝癌的免疫治疗中起关键性作用,在开展新的治疗模式以及提高肝癌患者生活质量方面具有很广阔的应用前景。     

BAP1 mutations define a homogeneous subgroup of hepatocellular carcinoma with fibrolamellar-like features and activated PKA

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