肝脏增强CT扫描与MRI在肝癌诊断中的研究价值

目的探讨增强CT扫描与MRI在肝癌诊断中的价值。方法回顾性分析2014年5月至2016年3月在本院进行影像检查并经手术病理确认的60例肝癌患者的临床资料和影像资料,同时对患者癌变部进行归类分析,并通过两种影像检查方法的确诊率来评判两种检查方式的价值。结果60例中,巨块型占总数,结节型占总数54.5%,小肝癌例数占总数30.3%。增强CT对肝癌患者的总检出率为91.2%,MRI对肝癌患者的总检出率为92.3%。两者无明显统计学差异。结论在肝癌的确诊方面,MRI和增强CT扫描均具有较高的精度,可以作进一步推广应用。     

肝脏双期螺旋CT扫描的临床应用价值

目的:研究双期螺旋CT最佳扫描技术及其在肝肿瘤或肝癌探测中的应用。材料与方法:35例无肝肿瘤和17例肝肿瘤患者均经双期螺旋CT行肝脏扫描,于动脉期和门静脉期观察了正常肝脏和肝细胞癌病灶中的CT表现。结果:正常肝脏与肝细胞癌的CT表现有明显不同。在12例肝细胞癌患者中确切看到了14个肝细胞癌病灶,其中13个病灶在动脉期呈高密度,12个病灶在门静脉期呈低密度,动脉期和门静脉期肝细胞癌的检出率分别为92.8％和85.7％。结论:选择最优化扫描参数,可清晰显示肝细胞癌的增强特点,并显著提高其病变的检出率,因此,双期螺旋CT扫描可当作探测肝肿瘤或肝细胞癌的常规方法。     

小肝癌栓塞化疗的效果观察

目的：探讨小肝癌经导管肝动脉注射碘油抗癌药栓塞化疗（ＴＯＣＥ）的疗效及影响预后的因素。材料与方法：小肝癌３０例,全部接受ＴＯＣＥ治疗后随访３￣５年以上,其中２４例单纯行ＴＯＣＥ治疗,作为Ａ组;另６例ＴＯＣＥ后４￣６周行手术切除,作为Ｂ组。两组分别统计和生存率和死亡原因。结果：Ａ组１、３、５年生存率分别为７９．３％、３７．５％和２２．２％;Ｂ组则为１００％、６６．７％和２５％。生存≥３年的患者主要死     

CT在小肝癌术前定位的作用

目的：总结ＣＴ在小肝癌术前定位中的优越性,提高原发性小肝癌的手术切除率。方法：利用ＣＴ在小肝癌术中的解剖定位作用,确定肿瘤大小、数量、部位与周围脏器及血管关系。结果：５８例肝肿瘤,５７例经ＣＴ解剖定位后切除肿瘤,１例未切除。１５例术中发现肿瘤与血管关系密切,４例为多发病灶。结论：ＣＴ定位准确,能提高手术切除率,在小肝癌的手术中具有重要作用。     

Liver and Intestine Transplantation in the United States, 1997–2006

Liver transplantation in 2006 generally resembled previous years, with fewer candidates waiting for deceased donor liver transplants (DDLT), continuing a trend initiated with the implementation of the model for end-stage liver disease (MELD). Candidate age distribution continued to skew toward older ages with fewer children listed in 2006 than in any prior year. Total transplants increased due to more DDLT with slightly fewer living donor liver transplants (LDLT). Waiting list deaths and time to transplant continued to improve. In 2006, there also were fewer DDLT for patients with MELD <15, fewer pediatric Status 1A/B transplants and more transplants from donation after cardiac death (DCD) donors. Adjusted patient and graft survival rates were similar for LDLT and DDLT. This article also contains in-depth analyses of transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Recipients with HCC had lower adjusted 3-year posttransplant survival than recipients without HCC. HCC recipients who received pretransplant ablative treatments had superior adjusted 3-year posttransplant survival compared to HCC recipients who did not. Intestinal transplantation continued to slowly increase with the largest number of candidates on the waiting list since 1997. Survival rates have increased over time. Small children waiting for intestine grafts continue to have the highest waiting list mortality.     

Impact of intraoperative ultrasonography in laparoscopic liver surgery

Background Laparoscopic surgery has gained growing acceptance, but this does not hold for laparoscopic surgery of the liver. This mainly includes diagnostic procedures, interstitial therapies, and treatment of liver cysts. However, the authors believe there is room for a laparoscopic approach to the liver in selected cases. Methods A prospective study of laparoscopic liver resections was undertaken with patients who had preoperative diagnoses of benign lesion and hepatocellular carcinoma with compensated cirrhosis. The inclusion criteria required that hepatic involvement be limited and located in the left or peripheral right segments (segments 2–6), and that the tumor be 5 cm or smaller. The location of the tumor and its transection margin were defined by laparoscopic ultrasound (LUS). Results From December 1996, 17 (5%) of 313 liver resections were included in the study. There were 5 benign lesions and 12 hepatocellular carcinomas in cirrhotic patients. The mean age of the study patients was 59 years (range, 29–79 years). The LUS evaluation identified the presence of new hepatocellular carcinoma nodules in two patients (17%). The resections included 1 bisegmentectomy, 8 segmentectomies, 3 subsegmentectomies, and 3 nonanatomic resections. The mean operative time, including laparoscopic ultrasonography, was 156 ± 50 min (median, 150 min; range, 60–250 min), and the perioperative blood loss was 190 ± 97 ml. There was no mortality. Conversion to laparotomy was necessary for two patients. Postoperative complications were experienced by 3 of 15 patients, all of them cirrhotics. One of the patients had a wall hematoma, and the remaining two patients had bleeding from a trocar access requiring a laparoscopic reexploration. The mean hospital stay for the whole series was 6.9 ± 4.9 days (median, 6 days; range, 2–25 days) and 5.6 ±1.4 days (median, 6 days; range, 2–8 days) for the 15 laparoscopic patients. Conclusion Laparoscopic treatment should be considered for selected patients with benign and malignant lesions in the left lobe or frontal segments of the liver. Evaluation by LUS is indispensable to guarantee precise determination of the segmental tumor location and the relationship of the tumor to adjacent vascular or biliary structures, excluding adjacent or adjunctive new lesions. The evolution of laparoscopic hepatectomies probably will depend on the development of new techniques and instrumentations.     

肝细胞肝癌(HCC)中PDGF-A的表达及其临床意义

 目的    阐明血小板源性生长因子A(platelet-derived growth factor A,PDGF-A)在人肝细胞肝癌(hepatocellular carcinoma,HCC)组织中的表达情况及临床意义。方法  在手术切除的50例HCC组织中,应用定量RT-PCR的方法检测PDGF-A mRNA水平,并分析其与临床病理分期之间的关系。采用Western blot检测正常肝细胞株L02和7株肝癌细胞株中PDGF-A蛋白质水平。运用免疫组化方法在43例HCC石蜡组织中检测PDGF-A蛋白质水平。再利用免疫荧光双染色方法检测HCC组织中间质区域炎症细胞中PDGF-A与炎症细胞标志物(CD4、CD8、CD19和CD68)共表达情况。结果    与相应癌旁肝组织相比,HCC癌组织PDGF-A mRNA水平升高,约50%(24/50例)癌组织PDGF-A mRNA水平是癌旁肝组织的2倍及以上,这种差异在BCLC 0期和C期的HCC病例中更为显著。PDGF-A蛋白质见于L02、SMMC-7721、HCCLM3和MHCC97-H细胞株,而HepG2、Hep3B、Huh7和BEL-7402细胞株未检测到该蛋白质。近60%的HCC病例中,肝癌细胞表达PDGF-A,阳性染色有两种分布方式:弥漫于胞质内及在细胞质/细胞膜局部聚集。PDGF-A也大量分布于肿瘤间质区域和紧邻癌组织间质区域的炎症细胞(CD4+、CD8+、CD19+和CD68+)中。结论    HCC癌组织PDGF-A基因表达高于癌旁肝组织,在早期和进展期(BCLC 0和C期)病例更为明显;PDGF-A蛋白表达于HCC癌细胞和间质炎症细胞。     

中晚期肝癌化学免疫治疗与单纯TAE治疗疗效比较

本文采用肝动脉化学栓塞(TAE)后1～2周内行LAK/IL2的化学免疫治疗(Chemo-immu-notherapy CIT)中晚期肝癌(Mid-advanced HCC)42例(CIT组),TAE治疗2 7例为对照(TAE组)。结果:Ⅱ期HCC 2年生存率47.4％,Ⅱ期HCC部分缓解率(PR)和3个月、半年、1年生存率分别为39.1％、73.9％、56.5％和34.7％,显著高于TAE组Ⅱ期HCC二年生存率16.7％,(P<0.05)和Ⅱ期HCC部分缓解率为6.7％,三个月、半年、1年生存率40.0％,13.3％和6.7％,P<0.05;Ⅱ期HCC 1年内肝外转移率(25.5％)明显低于TAE组(66.7％,P<0.05)。表明化学免疫治疗能显著提高中晚期肝癌疗效。