广州市人群乙型肝炎病毒感染模式与丙型肝炎病毒感染情况调查

为了解广州市人群乙型肝炎病毒（ＨＢＶ）与丙型肝炎病毒（ＨＣＶ）双重感染情况，对１９９３年４月体检中检出的１９３例ＨＢＶ标志物阳性血清归类分析，发现有１４种ＨＢＶ感染模式，其中以ＨＢｓＡｇ·ＨＢｅＡｂ·ＨＢｃＡｂ和ＨＢｓＡｇ·ＨＢｅＡｇ·ＨＢｃＡｂ为多见，阳性模式构成分别为４３．０１％和３０．５７％。在ＨＢＶ感染者中ＨＣＶ感染的检出率为１１．３９％（２２／１９３）．不同ＨＢＶ感染模式组别的抗－ＨＣＶ阳性率差异有统计学显著意义（ｐ＜０．００１）．     

合肥地区献血员感染HBV和HCV危险因素的多因素分析

用ＥＬＩＳＡ法检测了合肥地区１４４０名献血员抗ＨＣＶ和乙肝五项指标，抗ＨＣＶ阳性率为５５％；ＨＢｓＡｇ携带率为１５％，ＨＢＶ总感染率４３７％。分别以抗ＨＣＶ阳性与感染过ＨＢＶ的献血员为病例，以抗ＨＣＶ阴性与未感染ＨＢＶ的献血员为对照进行了ＨＣＶ和ＨＢＶ感染危险因素的单因素和多因素分析。结果显示，ＡＬＴ、献血次数、献血量、文化程度、献血员心理和输血史与ＨＣＶ感染有关；血型、家庭人口数和家庭子女数与ＨＢＶ感染有关。     

Effects of hammerhead ribozyme (RCP) on HBV P gene in vitro

Ｅｆｆｅｃｔｓｏｆｈａｍｍｅｒｈｅａｄｒｉｂｏｚｙｍｅ（ＲＣＰ）ｏｎＨＢＶＰｇｅｎｅｉｎｖｉｔｒｏＧａｎＬｉｘｉａ（甘立霞），ＷａｎｇＰｉｎｇ（王平），ＺｈｕＸｉｈｕａ（朱锡华），ＤｏｎｇＹａｎｌｉｎ（董燕麟），ＨｏｕＹｕｎｄｅ（侯云德）（Ｄｅｐａｒ...     

原位PCR检测肾组织内的乙型肝炎病毒

采用原位ＰＣＲ技术检测了肾小球肾炎患者活体组织。证实乙型肝炎病毒＜ＨＢＶ＞相关性肾脏中ＨＢＶ的存在。从分子病理学水平为探讨ＨＢＶ相关性肾炎发病机理提供了新的依据。     

Comparison of the COBAS TaqMan HBV test with the COBAS Amplicor monitor test for measurement of hepatitis B virus DNA in serum

Quantitation of low hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA levels in patients with chronic hepatitis B is important for monitoring natural history of disease and treatment efficacy. This study aimed to compare the quantitation range and analytical sensitivity of the newly developed COBAS TaqMan HBV test (TaqMan test) with the COBAS Amplicor HBV Monitor Test (Amplicor test), using the Eurohep HBV reference plasma and serum samples from patients. Serial dilutions (2.7x10(1)-2.7x10(8) copies/ml) of the Eurohep HBV reference plasma and 50 serum samples from chronic hepatitis B patients were tested by both assays. The TaqMan test could detect seven (2.7x10(2)-2.7x10(8) copies/ml) of eight dilutions of the reference plasma, while the Amplicor test could only detect three of them (2.7x10(3)-2.7x10(5) copies/ml). The HBV DNA values measured by the TaqMan test correlated very well with the theoretical Eurohep standard values (r=0.998, P<0.001). There were good correlations between the HBV DNA levels measured by the two assays on both the Eurohep reference plasma (r=0.993, P<0.001) and serum samples from patients (r=0.904, P<0.001). Compared to the Amplicor test, the TaqMan test had a higher sensitivity (50 vs. 300 copies/ml), shorter assay time (6 vs. 10 hr), and wider dynamic range (8 vs. 3 logs), and was more cost-effective in a clinical setting. These data indicate that the TaqMan test is an excellent tool for HBV DNA quantitation.     

Localization of hepatitis B surface antigen epitopes present on variants and specifically recognised by anti-hepatitis B surface antigen monoclonal antibodies

Small hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) is considered to be the best marker for the diagnosis of Hepatitis B virus infection. However, HBsAg variants with mutations within the "a" determinant may be poorly or not detected by diagnostic assays. Three anti-HBsAg monoclonal antibodies (6H6B6, 27E7F10, and 2G2G10), directed against conformational epitopes, were tested for their ability to detect the wild-type HBsAg as well as variant forms and their respective epitopes were localised on the HBsAg sequence by using the phage-displayed peptide library technology. Whereas 6H6B6 did not detect mutations T123N, S143L, D144A and G145R, 27E7F10 binding was affected by mutations P120T and G145R. In contrast, 2G2G10 reacted strongly with all tested variants including variant with the G145R mutation. Part of the 6H6B6 epitope was located in the major hydrophilic region (MHR) at residues 101-105, the 27E7F10 epitope (residues 214-219) was located near the C-terminal end of the antigen and the 2G2G10 epitope at residues 199-208, within the theoretical fourth transmembrane helix. The 2G2G10 epitope localisation brings information about the HBsAg structure and the validity of established topological models. Finally, 2G2G10 is a valuable tool for HBsAg variant detection that is used as capture phase in a new bioMérieux diagnostic assay, which is currently in development.     

Analysis of wild-type and e antigen-defective hepatitis B viruses during the course of a short-term corticosteroid therapy in chronic hepatitis B

Hepatitis B virus (HBV), with a G-to-A point mutation at nucleotide 83 in the precore region (mutant HBV83), accounts for most cases of hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)-defective HBV. However, it is still not clear how mutant HBV83 is associated with HBe seroconversion. Twenty-six HBeAgpositive patients with chronic hepatitis B who received oral prednisolone (30 mg/day) for 3 weeks were studied to clarify the prevalence of mutant HBV83 during the treatment using polymerase chain reaction with a restriction fragment length polymorphism assay. Twelve (46%) patients seroconverted to anti-HBe 1 year after treatment, whereas 14 (54%) did not. The proportion of mutant HBV83 to whole HBV remained unchanged in both groups during an acute exacerbation induced by withdrawal of corticosteroids. Among 12 anti-HBe-0seroconverted patients, five (56%) of nine patients with only wild-type HBV at baseline developed detectable levels of mutant HBV83 while all three patients with a mixed viral population of wild-type HBV and mu tant HBV83 at baseline developed a higher pro portion of mutant HBV83 one year after treat ment. In contrast, these changes were observed in only one (14%) of seven who failed to seroconvert. The results indicate that a flare-up of hepa titis precedes emergence or selection of mutant HBV83, followed by HBe seroconversion in patients with chronic hepatitis B. © 1995 WiIey-Liss, Inc.     

Genotypes and S-gene variability of Mexican hepatitis B virus strains

The genotypes and subtypes of 15 Mexican hepatitis B virus strains were determined by sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of the small S-gene. The most predominant strains were found to be divergent genotype/subtype F/adw4 strains (66.6%), followed by A/adw2 (20.0%), D/ayw3 (6.7%), and G/adw2 (6.7%). The S-genes of the Mexican genotype F strains and two Nicaraguan strains described previously formed a subcluster with more than 4% divergence from the other strains within this genotype. The Mexican strains within genotypes A and D showed the highest homology with strains from Europe and the United States. Ten amino acid substitutions not described previously were found in the S-genes of strains from nine chronic carriers, whereas the S gene in strains from six acute hepatitis B patients were highly conserved as compared to their respective genotypes. One genotype F strain from an HBsAg positive chronic carrier had a T to A mutation at position 647, forming a translational stop at codon 216. Two genotype F strains from HBsAg negative chronic carriers had a Val180 instead of an Ala found in the other genotype F strains. This study shows that a divergent genotype F predominates in Mexican strains analyzed, which presented amino acid substitutions not reported previously outside the a determinant.