豚鼠视网膜组织M4受体的表达

目的 检测M4受体在豚鼠视网膜组织的表达及分布.方法 4周龄三色豚鼠21只,其中7只动物眼球制备石蜡切片,免疫组织化学染色法检测后极部视网膜组织M4受体表达与分布;其余动物分别提取眼视网膜组织RNA和蛋白质,逆转录聚和酶链反应(RT-PER)、蛋白质免疫印迹(Western blot)法检测M4受体mRNA和蛋白质表达.结果 免疫组织化学染色显示,M4受体分布于豚鼠视网膜RPE细胞层,光感受器细胞层、外核层、内核层,大多数神经节细胞,以及内从状层和内核层交界区;豚鼠视网膜组织表达M4受体mRNA,扩增产物约为221 bp,阴性对照未见扩增产物.免疫印迹显示,豚鼠视网膜组织表达明显的M4受体免疫反应活性,分子量约为38 000.阴性对照组无阳性表达条带.结论 豚鼠视网膜组织有M4受体蛋白表达.     

豚鼠螺旋蜗轴动脉SP能神经的结构

目的 观察豚鼠螺旋蜗轴动脉（ＳＭＡ）ＳＰ能神经支配的特点。方法 采用免疫组织化学ＡＢＣ法结合葡萄糖氧化酶－ＤＡＢ－镍染色技术及免疫透射电镜,探讨Ｐ物质（ＳＰ）在ＳＭＡ上的分布特点。结果 ＳＭＡ近端外膜上存在着大量ＳＰ－ＩＲ阳性神经元,在ＳＭＡ远端外膜上可见大量的ＳＰ－ＩＲ阳性神经纤维,相互交错,呈网状结构。结论 ＳＰ的耳蜗血管的调节过程中可能起着重要作用。     

猪单纯门静脉血流阻断安全时限的研究猪单纯门静脉血流阻断安全时限的研究

目的 通过对猪单纯门静脉血流阻断,全面评估猪耐受门静脉血流阻断的安全时限。方法 将18只健康荣昌种猪随机分为假手术组（SO）、单纯门静脉阻断45min（PVC－45′）、60min（PVC－60′）组,通过对门静脉血流阻断,了解其存活情况、血流动力学改变、肝脏及肠道病理改变等。结果 ①SO、PVC－45′、PVC－60′组长期存活率分别为100％、100％、66．7％;②PVC组阻断前后血流动力学参数波动较大;③PVC－45′、60′组均有肝脏缺血灌注损伤,但PVC－60′组病理损害比45′组重;④PVC组肠粘膜的病理损伤是随门静脉阻断时间延长而加重;⑤PVC组肠粘膜通透性明显升高,肠系膜淋巴结肠道菌属培养阳性率及门静脉血内毒素随阻断时间延长而上升。结论 在本实验条件下正常猪耐受单纯门静脉阻断的安全时限为45min。     

小儿喘咳液对哮喘豚鼠肺超微结构变化的电镜观察

利用透射式电子显微镜观察小儿喘咳液对过敏性哮喘豚鼠肺超微结构变化情况。结果显示:连续雾化吸入卵清蛋白后第1d肺毛细血管壁充血并挤压毛细血管壁,第8d肺毛细血管壁增厚,胶原纤维增生。而用小儿喘咳液连续治疗7d后肺毛细血管壁增厚程度减轻,无胶原纤维增生。证明小儿喘咳液对哮喘有良好的治疗效果。     

Preventive effect of magnesium supplement on noise-induced hearing loss in the guinea pig

The effect of magnesium (Mg) on noise-induced hearing loss was investigated in two groups of adult pigmented guinea pigs maintained either on optimal or suboptimal (physiologically high or low) Mg produced by different diets. The total Mg concentrations of the perilymph (PL), cerebrospinal fluid, blood plasma and red blood cells were measured by atomic absorption spectrometry and were found to differ significantly between the two groups (P < 0.01). One ear of each animal was exposed to either a single shooting impulse at a peak pressure level of 187 dB or two impulse noise series at a rate of 1/s and peak pressure levels of 150 dB (1,000 impulses) and 167 dB (2,280 impulses), respectively. Temporary (TTS) and permanent (PTS) hearing threshold shifts in anesthetized animals were measured 2 h and 1 week after the noise exposure, using auditory brain stem response (ABR) audiometry at a frequency range from 3.75 to 30 kHz. Exposure to the single noise impulse resulted in a mean TTS that was significantly lower in the high Mg group than that in the low Mg group (P < 0.05), although no substantial PTS was observed in either group. In the animals exposed to 150 dB noise, the TTS showed a tendency towards an Mg-related reduction at the higher frequencies. A small difference in PTS was found between the low Mg and high Mg groups, but was not significant. Exposure to the 167-dB noise series caused a considerable TTS, which was significantly lower in the high Mg group at 7.5 and 15 kHz than in the low Mg group (P < 0.05). The mean PTS showed a significant difference between the two Mg groups over the whole frequency range (P < 0.05) and was found to correlate negatively with the total Mg concentrations of both PL and plasma (P < 0.05). Moreover, the high Mg group showed a faster recovery from the hearing threshold shift than the low Mg group. The present findings show that preventive oral Mg supplements can significantly reduce the rate of acoustic trauma caused by high-level impulse noise exposure in the guinea pig. Received: 23 March 1999 / Accepted: 15 April 1999     

后半规管阻塞前后豚鼠前庭及耳蜗功能的动态变化

目的 探讨机械性后半规管阻塞前后豚鼠前庭和耳蜗功能的动态变化。方法 采用２０只豚鼠建立单侧后半规管阻塞的动物模型,观察手术前后眼震电图,听性脑干反应,耳声发射等变化。结果 术后第１天,第３天豚鼠正弦摆动刺激术侧眼震反应,明显减术,术后第５天起双侧眼震恢复正常。术后早期ＡＢＲ阈值一度升高,第５天达高峰,ＡＢＲ阈值平均升高４．５ｄＢ。ＤＰＯＡＥ反应幅度无明显改变。结论 后半规管阻塞能选择性地消除后半规     

氨茶碱雾化吸入对正常及哮喘豚鼠气道粘膜的影响

目的 观察吸入氨茶碱对正常豚鼠气道粘膜的影响及对豚鼠哮喘的预防作用。方法 ３４只豚鼠随机分为６组：对照组、正常动物氨茶碱吸入组、哮喘组、哮喘豚鼠０．５％氨茶碱吸入组、哮喘豚鼠地塞米松吸入组、哮豚鼠０．５％氨茶碱＋地塞米松吸入组,分别行肺泡灌洗液（ＢＡＬＦ）、血清茶碱浓度及病理学检验。结果 正常动物吸入氨茶碱后气道粘膜上皮纤毛不完整,上皮细胞脱落,表面有炎性渗出,粘膜及粘膜下层炎性细胞浸润明显,肺泡     

袖套法豚鼠至大鼠异种全胰十二指肠移植模型的建立

目的为研究超急性排斥反应及对策,建立异种胰腺移植模型。方法以豚鼠和大鼠为供受者,用袖套法吻合静脉建立异种全胰十二指肠移植模型。结果共行 ４２次手术,成功 ３８例,均有内分泌功能,移植有效率为 １００％。结论本模型具有操作简单,冷缺血及腹主动脉阻断时间短,不易形成血栓及吻合口漏等优点,为一较实用的研究异种胰腺移植模型。     

蛔虫变应原致过敏性鼻炎豚鼠模型建立

为了建立蛔虫变应原致过敏性鼻炎的实验动物模型,将健康豚鼠３０只,随机分为致敏组（ｎ＝２０）和对照组（ｎ＝１０）。致敏组经腹腔、四肢皮下注射蛔虫变应原免疫４周后,鼻腔雾化吸入蛔虫变应原;对照组以生理盐水代替变应原。结果致敏组１８只出现鼻痒、喷嚏、流清涕等过敏性鼻炎的临床症状（评分〉５分）,鼻腔分泌物涂片见大量嗜酸性粒细胞,以及鼻粘膜水肿、粘膜嗜酸性粒细胞和肥大细胞浸润等组织学变化,而对照组无上述变化     

猪肝样品中铝含量的测定

目的介绍用石墨炉原子吸收分光光度法测定猪肝中铝含量的方法.方法样品在聚四氟消解器中消解.采用标准加入法在石墨炉原子吸收光度计上测定铝的含量.结果分析了8份猪肝样品,平均铝含量(4.10±0.17)μg/g,变异系数为4.3%.铝测定的回收率为96.3%±3.28%.用人发标样测定了方法的准确度为(13.1±1.8)μg/g,标准为(13.3±2.3)μg/g.结论这是一种准确、精密、可靠的分析方法.本方法也适用于其他生物组织样品中铝含量的测定.