山羊血管化骨髓移植的解剖学基础研究

目的通过对山羊股骨、髂骨、胸骨、肋骨4个较为常见的血管化骨髓移植供区部位相关结构的测量观察,从移植手术的角度,分析其解剖特点,为下一步建立山羊血管化骨髓移植模型提供一定的解剖依据。方法取6只（共12侧）体质量相当的山羊做活体解剖研究。观测4个供区血液供应情况,并对比4种移植物体质量、体积、骨髓干细胞密度等因素。结果髂骨可见主要滋养血管为髂内动脉及其分支,另外紧贴骨面的臀部肌肉也会有细小动脉进入骨膜,髂内血管为较理想的血管蒂;股骨的主要滋养动脉有3条：股深动脉、旋股外侧动脉及膝降动脉,取髂外血管为血管蒂;双侧胸廓内动脉及伴行静脉为胸骨的主要滋养血管,双侧胸廓内动静脉的近端可作为游离血管蒂;肋骨以第7肋为例,其肋间后动脉及其伴行静脉为主要滋养血管,可以取到一定长度的游离血管蒂。结论山羊的髂骨及股骨是较为理想的血管化骨髓移植术供区,其游离血管蒂长度及其动静脉外径均可满足异体移植术的需求。     

不同牵张速率对山羊下颌骨牵张成骨中新骨形成的影响

目的:探讨山羊下颌骨牵张成骨中不同牵张速率对术后新骨形成的影响。方法:12只山羊随机分为3组,每组各4只,在对动物右下颌骨行骨皮质切开术后进行牵张,第1组动物以0.8mm/d的牵张速率进行牵张,第2组动物以1.6mm/d的牵张速率进行牵张,第3组动物以2.0mm/d的牵张速率进行牵张,随机选取实验组4只动物未手术侧正常下颌骨作为对照组。将各组新骨组织和对照组下颌骨组织分别进行骨密度检测和三点弯曲测试,对采用不同速率进行骨牵张后动物下颌骨新骨的生物力学强度和骨密度进行了对比观察。结果:0.8mm/d牵张组新骨骨密度值显著高于其余各牵张组,0.8mm/d牵张组新生骨三点弯曲实验指标均大于另2牵张组。结论:采用0.8mm/d的牵张速率进行牵张能最快促进新骨形成,提高成骨质量。     

Composition of fatty acids and triglycerides in goat cheeses and study of the triglyceride composition of goat milk and cow milk blends

The composition of fatty acids and triglycerides in the fat of Uruguayan goat cheeses was determined. Additionally, in the present study, triglyceride composition was determined in terms of partition number (PN) for fats from pure goat milk, pure cow milk and blends thereof (90:10, 80:20, and 50:50 blends of goat milk:cow milk). All Uruguayan goat cheeses showed high levels of conjugated linoleic acid and trans-vaccenic acid, well above those reported in cheeses from other countries. This is advantage in terms of nutritional quality. In fats from goat milk in Uruguayan cheeses, the highest average percentages of triglycerides correspond to PN = 36 (13.2%) and PN = 42 (13.6%). The results demonstrate that the triglyceride profile changes when cow milk is added to goat milk. When the amount of cow milk added to goat milk increases, triglycerides with PN values of 38, 40, and 42 tend to decrease, while triglycerides with PN values of 46, 48, and 50 tend to increase. These results suggest that the triglyceride profile could be used to determine whether a given goat cheese was adulterated with cow milk, which is cheaper. This was detected in the case of three Uruguayan goat cheeses that were analysed.     

持续性心房颤动山羊模型的心房单极电极标测

在持续性心房颤动 (简称房颤 )山羊模型上 ,研究心房不同部位房颤周长 (AFCL)及单极心外膜电图的差异 ,并利用激动标测图分析房颤时的蝉联现象。将 83个电极分别缝合于 7只山羊的左心房游离壁、左心耳、Bachmann束 (BB)、右心耳游离壁的心外膜。利用自动房颤刺激器维持房颤 ,待房颤持续 4周后 ,取 16s的心外膜电图作分析。利用单极电图标记局部激动时间 ,并根据单极电图的形态特点将其标记为正常电位 (单电位和短的双电位 )及异常电位 (长的双电位、三电位及碎裂电位 )。根据左心房局部激动时间重建等电位激动标测图 ,如超过 7次连续心房搏动经过相同路径 ,则定义为蝉联片段。在左心房、左心耳、BB、右心耳及右心房的AFCL分别为 94 .9± 4 .6 ,95 .7±4 .4 ,10 5 .7± 6 .5 (与其他部位比较 ,P <0 .0 5 ) ,99.2± 8.0及 98.5± 6 .3ms ;异常电位的百分比分别为 2 0 .9%± 6 .3% ,2 7.8%± 11.8% ,5 7.4 %± 7.8% (与其他部位比较 ,P <0 .0 1) ,18.6 %± 9.7%和 19.4 %± 3.9%。在所记录的 16s房颤过程中 ,左心房共有 70 5次心搏 ,其中 6 8次 (9.6 % )属于蝉联片段。结论 :在山羊持续房颤模型 ,BB的AFCL最长 ,异常电位的发生率最高 ,提示BB在房颤的维持上起重要作用。蝉联现象的存在表明房颤时心房激动并     

Histochemistry of complex carbohydrates in the ceruminous glands of the goat

The localization and chemical nature of complex carbohydrates in the ceruminous glands of the Japanese miniature (Shiba) goat were studied using light and electron microscopic histochemical methods, particularly lectin histochemistry. The epithelial cells and luminal secretion of the caprine ceruminous glands contained large amounts of neutral and smaller amounts of acidic glycoconjugates with different terminal sugars (-d-mannose, -l-fucose, -N-acetyl-d-galactosamine, -d-galactose, -N-acetyl-d-glucosamine, and N-acetyl-neuraminic acid). Several sugars (-l-fucose, -d-galactose, -N-acetyl-d-glucosamine, and N-acetyl-neuraminic acid) were also detectable in the secretion of the sebaceous glands. The results obtained are discussed with regard to the specific function of the glandular secretion mixture. The complex glycoconjugates found in the ceruminous gland secretion may control viscoelasticity of and bacterial proliferation within the cerumen in order to protect the external auditory canal against physical damage or microbial attacks.