山羊高原重度原发性肺冲击伤模型的建立

目的建立山羊在海拔4 600 m高原环境下的重度原发性肺冲击伤模型,分析高原重度原发性肺冲击伤的特点,为院前救治提供实验基础。 方法选取健康山羊28只,随机分为3 m组22只,3.5 m组6只,采用8 kg TNT当量新型爆炸物,在相同的环境条件下致伤,观察致伤后山羊肺冲击伤伤情,分别于伤前、伤后1 h、24 h监测山羊生命体征、肌钙蛋白Ⅰ,观察肺大体解剖,测肺组织重量、湿/干比重(W/D)等,对重伤山羊进行院前ABC救治。 结果伤后t≤15 min死亡12只,伤后15 min相似文献   

Development and in vitro/in vivo evaluation of controlled release provesicles of a nateglinide–maltodextrin complex

The aim of this study was to characterize the provesicle formulation of nateglinide (NTG) to facilitate the development of a novel controlled release system of NTG with improved efficacy and oral bioavailability compared to the currently marketed NTG formulation (Glinate™ 60). NTG provesicles were prepared by a slurry method using the non-ionic surfactant, Span 60 (SP), and cholesterol (CH) as vesicle forming agents and maltodextrin as a coated carrier. Multilamellar niosomes with narrow size distribution were shown to be successfully prepared by means of dynamic laser scattering (DLS) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). The absence of drug-excipient interactions was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies. In vitro release of NTG in different dissolution media was improved compared to pure drug. A goat intestinal permeation study revealed that the provesicular formulation (F4) with an SP:CH ratio of 5:5 gave higher cumulative amount of drug permeated at 48 h compared to Glinate™ 60 and control. A pharmacodynamic study in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats confirmed that formulation F4 significantly (P<0.05) reduced blood glucose levels in comparison to Glinate 60. Overall the results show that controlled release NTG provesicles offer a useful and promising oral delivery system for the treatment of type II diabetes.KEY WORDS: Provesicles, Niosomes, Maltodextrin, Nateglinide, In vitro release, Goat intestinal permeation, Hypoglycemic     

山羊双侧下颌骨牵引成骨动物模型的建立

目的:建立一个可行性良好的山羊下颌骨牵引成骨模型。方法:将6只山羊的下颌骨截断,安置牵引器,延迟期4 d后以0.5 mm/次,2次/d的速度牵引10 d;随后进入固定期。分别于固定期的2、4、6、8周处死动物,进行大体标本和放射学观察。结果:牵引过程被所有山羊耐受,牵引长度达到预期效果。结论:山羊是一种良好的牵引成骨动物模型;该模型有助于DO临床的应用及研究。     

新型国产体外膜氧合系统用于大动物短期心肺辅助的模型建立

目的 探索猪的外周型静脉-动脉体外膜氧合及羊的左心室辅助的中短期大动物心肺辅助模型建立的可行性和稳定性.方法 选取家猪3只(体重74 kg、82 kg、110 kg;均为雌性,月龄5～6个月),实验用小型猪1只(体重43 kg,雄性,月龄5～6个月);山羊1只(体重78 kg,雌性,月龄5～6个月).所有实验动物均为健...     

山羊心房颤动进展过程中心房电图形态的演变

目的利用山羊模型研究心房颤动(简称房颤)在由阵发性向持续性转变过程中,心房/肺静脉外膜电图形态的演变。方法在山羊的左房(LA)游离壁外膜和左上肺静脉(LSPV)根部缝合电极片,利用自制的房颤刺激器于体外发放50Hz的刺激,刺激左房,刺激时程1s,每次间隔2s,诱发出自发维持时间超过24h的持续性房颤。将心房/肺静脉外膜电图形态分为单电位(SP)、双电位(DP)和碎裂电位(FP)。分析在基础状态下和房颤维持不同时间时各电位在所有激动中所占比例和动态变化。结果在窦性心律时LA和LSPV全为SP,随着房颤持续时间的延长,两部位的SP比例逐渐减少,DP和FP的比例逐渐增加。房颤刚开始和持续24h后SP的比例在LA分别为94.2%±5.0%和68.4%±6.0%(P<0.01),在LSPV则分别为74.2%±3.3%和40.1%±7.3%(P<0.01)。在房颤自发持续24h后,LA各种形态的电位交替出现,而LSPV可见连续的反复快速激动。结论心房和肺静脉外膜电图的碎裂程度增加,以及肺静脉出现连续的反复快速激动与房颤的持续有关。     

骨软骨镶嵌成形术修复骨软骨复合缺损的比较研究

目的观察采用骨软骨镶嵌成形术（Mosaicplasty）修复膝关节中等和大面积骨软骨复合缺损的效果,为临床应用提供理论依据。方法24只成年山羊随机分成3组（n=8）。中等面积缺损组在股骨内髁制造直径6mm缺损,植入直径2mm骨软骨柱修复;大面积缺损组于股骨内髁制造9mm直径缺损,以直径3mm骨软骨柱修复;对照组于股骨内髁制造直径6mm缺损后不修复。自股骨髁间窝和滑车沟两侧非负重区用自制Mosaicplasty器械钻取骨软骨柱,推出器嵌入缺损处镶嵌填满。术后4、8、16及24周处死动物,取修复骨软骨组织行大体观察、HE及甲苯胺蓝染色。术后24周,取大面积缺损组和对照组膝关节摄X线片,观察骨软骨缺损修复情况,并分别取修复组织及正常软骨组织行蛋白聚糖（glycosaminogly cans,GAG）含量测定。结果中等面积缺损组术后4周,移植的骨软骨柱与基底部骨床结合牢固;8-24周软骨层之间以及与正常软骨间界限仍清晰。大面积缺损组术后4周,移植的骨软骨柱与基底骨床结合牢固,部分骨软骨柱被压入骨床内;8-24周压陷程度加重,与股骨髁相对关节面的部分软骨被磨损。对照组24周缺损仍无明显修复迹象,与股骨髁相对关节面的软骨磨损剥脱。组织学观察结果类似大体观察,术后24周中等及大面积缺损组软骨柱间均有缝隙存在,大面积缺损组毗邻软骨细胞稀疏肥大。术后24周,X线片可见大面积缺损组软骨下骨愈合良好,而对照组仍可见骨质缺损,与股骨髁相对关节面的软骨局部骨质硬化;软骨GAG含量测定显示正常软骨和大面积缺损组修复组织间差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）;前两者与对照组修复组织比较,差异均有统计学差异（P〈0.05）。结论Mosaicplasty可修复中等面积骨软骨复合缺损,但无法有效修复大面积缺损,效果有待改进。     

睾丸内注射pEGFP-N1体内转染精子并在山羊早期胚胎成功表达

目的考察自制低叶酸饲料对叶酸复合物分子靶向肿瘤程度的影响。方法采用放射性核素标记方法制备[^99mTc]DTPA-叶酸。两组不同叶酸含量饲料喂养的荷SGC-7901瘤裸鼠行尾静脉注射[^99mTc]DTPA-叶酸，检测4h后组织分布。结果与普通饲料组相比，低叶酸饲料组中[^99mTc]DTPA-叶酸在肿瘤组织分布量显著提高，相对增加量达34．5％，其他非靶组织的分布则明显减少。结论喂食自制低叶酸饲料能显著提高DTPA-叶酸对肿瘤组织的靶向程度，为叶酸复合物分子的肿瘤靶向诊断和治疗时选用低叶酸饲料提供了依据。     

Pathology of viral leukoencephalomyelitis of goats

Summary The morphologic changes of viral leukoencephalomyelitis of goats (VLG), an afebrile paralytic disease of 2–4 month old kids, were studied in 13 naturally infected goats: 11 during the first 5–22 days of clinical disease and two that survived 8 months and 3 years after onset of clinical signs. Lesions in the early clinical phase of the disease included interstitial pneumonia and widely disseminated myelinoclastic perivascular lesions in the brain and spinal cord. In the central nervous system, hypertrophied and hyperplastic reticulin fibers of the vascular sheath encompassed an inflammatory cell infiltrate composed of lymphocytes, plasma cells, and macrophages. Occasionally, malacia occurred, and several animals had transverse myelitis. Neuronal necrosis and neuronophagia were not features of the disease. Lesions were most frequent in the subpia and subependyma. Pulmonary lesions were not present in goats that survived the initial clinical phase of the disease, but myelin had disappeared from large areas of the spinal cord and from small foci in the brain. Nodular accumulations of mononuclear cells and small perivascular cuffs were also present in the central nervous system. VLG resembles visna in the topographic distribution and myelinoclastic nature of its lesions. Like visna, it bears some resemblance to post-infectious encephalitis of man.This work was supported by PHS grant FR 5465 and NIH grants 5T01GM00414 and RR00515.     

羊胎盘免疫调节因子对 60Co γ射线致免疫损伤小鼠T细胞免疫功能的促进作用

目的 研究羊胎盘免疫调节因子对⁶⁰Co γ射线辐射所致免疫损伤小鼠T细胞功能的影响。方法 5 Gy ⁶⁰Co γ射线一次性全身照射建立BALB/c小鼠免疫损伤动物模型,MTT法测定ConA 诱导的T淋巴细胞的增殖反应;直接免疫荧光抗体标记,FACS分析测定脾淋巴细胞CD₃、CD₄、CD₈阳性细胞百分率、胸腺淋巴细胞CD₄ CD₈亚群细胞数目;ELISA法检测血清IL-2、IFN-γ水平。结果 羊胎盘免疫调节因子显著促进ConA 诱导的T淋巴细胞增殖,提高⁶⁰Co γ射线所致免疫损伤小鼠CD₃⁺、CD₄⁺和CD₈⁺阳性细胞百分率及胸腺细胞CD₄⁺ CD₈^-和CD₄^- CD₈⁺单阳性亚群数目,减少胸腺细胞CD₄⁺ CD₈⁺双阳性亚群数目,促进小鼠血清IL-2、IFN-γ的生成水平。结论 羊胎盘免疫调节因子对⁶⁰Co γ射线辐射所致免疫损伤小鼠T细胞免疫功能具有促进作用。     

Effects of skin temperature on cold defense after cutaneous denervation of the trunk

In intact goats the core temperature threshold below which heat production increases with falling core temperature, is inversely related to the temperature of the water bath in which they stand and is therefore assumed to be indicative of the central integration of signals from skin and core temperature receptors. The present study shows that a difference in core temperature thresholds for bath temperatures of 35°C and 40°C persisted after denervation of about two-thirds of the skin of the trunk and limbs. Also, for a given combination of skin and core temperatures, heat production was as great or greater after cutaneous denervation as before. It is concluded that, following denervation of the trunk and upper limbs, intact temperature receptors in the non-denervated skin of the legs and tail, and/or also in tissues between the skin and core, provide important and significant inputs to the temperature regulating system. But these inputs cannot explain fully the thermoregulatory responses observed unless it is assumed that the thermosensitivity of these tissues increased.